10 uF Fixed Capacitors 2,400+

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Capacitor Type Mounting Feature Capacitance Rated DC Voltage (URdc) Maximum Operating Temperature Dielectric Material Tan Delta Minimum Operating Temperature Temperature Coef (ppm/Cel) Terminal Finish Leakage Current (mA) Package Shape Polarity Manufacturer Series Height Width Ripple Current (mA) Diameter Multi-layer Equivalent Series Resistance / ESR (mohm ) Additional Features Packing Method Size Code JESD-609 Code Series No. of Terminals Package Style (Meter) Rated AC Voltage (URac) Length Terminal Shape Positive Tolerance Temperature Characteristics Code Reference Standard Negative Tolerance Custom Capabilities Terminal Pitch

T356E106K016AS

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

10 uF

16 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.06

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

0.0013

DISK PACKAGE

POLARIZED

5.5 mm

Bulk

e0

2

Radial

10.2 mm

WIRE

10 %

10 %

5.08 mm

T491S106K010AT

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

10 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.1

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

0.001

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

1.1 mm

1.6 mm

25

15000

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

1206

e3

2

SMT

3.2 mm

J BEND

10 %

10 %

T493A106M010BH6420

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

10 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.06

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn90Pb10)

0.001

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

1.6 mm

1.6 mm

81.6

1800

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, Embossed Plastic, 7 Inch

1206

e0

2

SMT

3.2 mm

J BEND

20 %

20 %

T494B106K016AH

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

16 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.06

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

.0016

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

1.9 mm

2.8 mm

130.4

800

TR, 7 INCH

1411

e0

2

SMT

3.5 mm

J BEND

10 %

10 %

.8 mm

T494C106M016AT

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

16 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.06

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL

0.0016

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

2.5 mm

3.2 mm

68.4

600

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2312

e3

2

SMT

6 mm

J BEND

20 %

20 %

T495X106K050ATE3007280

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

50 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.06

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL

0.005

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

4 mm

4.3 mm

118.8

300

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 13 INCH

2917

e3

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

10 %

10 %

T498B106K016ATE2K8

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

16 V

150 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.045

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL

.0016

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

1.9 mm

2.8 mm

52.2

2800

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, 7 INCH

1411

e3

2

SMT

3.5 mm

J BEND

10 %

AEC-Q200

10 %

.8 mm

T83A106K010EZZL

Vishay Intertechnology

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

10 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.06

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

0.001

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

1.6 mm

1.6 mm

1800

ESR IS MEASURED AT 100 KHZ

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

1206

e0

2

SMT

3.2 mm

J BEND

10 %

10 %

TAJA106K016SNJ

KYOCERA AVX

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

16 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.06

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

0.0016

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

1.6 mm

1.6 mm

63

3000

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, PLASTIC, 13 INCH

1206

e3

2

SMT

3.2 mm

J BEND

10 %

10 %

TAJB106K016RY

KYOCERA AVX

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

16 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

1.9 mm

2.8 mm

TR, Plastic, 7 Inch

1411

e3

2

SMT

3.5 mm

J BEND

10 %

CECC30801-005

10 %

TCJT106M016R0150E

KYOCERA AVX

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

16 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)

0.06

-55 Cel

TIN

0.016

POLARIZED

1.2 mm

2.8 mm

200

150

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH

1210

e3

2

SMT

3.5 mm

WRAPAROUND

20 %

20 %

TCMIV106ETLSR175

Cal-chip Electronics

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

35 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.06

-55 Cel

0.0035

POLARIZED

4 mm

4.3 mm

388

175

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, Embossed Plastic, 7 Inch

2917

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

20 %

20 %

ULV2G100MNL1GS

Nichicon

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

400 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.25

-40 Cel

Tin (Sn)

.16

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

13.5 mm

10.3 mm

55

10 mm

TAPE

3333

e3

2

SMT

10.3 mm

FLAT

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

UMK325AB7106MMHP

Taiyo Yuden

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

50 V

125 Cel

CERAMIC

0.1

-55 Cel

15%

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

2.5 mm

2.5 mm

Yes

TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH

1210

e3

2

SMT

3.2 mm

WRAPAROUND

20 %

X7R

AEC-Q200

20 %

UPM2G100MHD

Nichicon

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

10 uF

400 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.25

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

.26

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

85

12.5 mm

e3

2

Radial

25 mm

WIRE

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

5 mm

UPW1V100MDD6

Nichicon

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

10 uF

35 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.12

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

.0105

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

36

5 mm

950

NON SOLVENT-PROOF

TAPE

e3

2

Radial

7 mm

WIRE

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

2 mm

UPW1V100MDD6TE

Nichicon

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

10 uF

35 V

125 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.12

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

0.0105

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

36

5 mm

950

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

7 mm

WIRE

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

5 mm

USA1C100MDD1TE

Nichicon

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

10 uF

16 V

85 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.16

-40 Cel

Matte Tin/Copper (Sn/Cu)

.003

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

28

4 mm

AMMO PACK

e2

2

Radial

7 mm

WIRE

20 %

20 %

5 mm

USA1C100MDD1TP

Nichicon

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

10 uF

16 V

85 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.16

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

.003

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

28

4 mm

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

7 mm

WIRE

20 %

20 %

2.5 mm

UUX2A100MNL1GS

Nichicon

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

100 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.08

-55 Cel

Tin/Bismuth (Sn/Bi)

.03

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

10 mm

8.3 mm

75

8 mm

TR, 15 INCH

3333

e6

2

SMT

8.3 mm

FLAT

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

UVR1E100MDD

Nichicon

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

10 uF

25 V

85 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.16

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

.0075

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

55

5 mm

BULK

e3

2

Radial

11 mm

WIRE

20 %

20 %

2 mm

UWZ1H100MCL1GB

Nichicon

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

50 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.14

-55 Cel

Tin/Bismuth (Sn/Bi)

.005

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

5.4 mm

6.6 mm

30

6.3 mm

TAPE

2626

e6

2

SMT

6.6 mm

FLAT

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

VEH100M1CTR-0406

Lelon Electronics

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

16 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.22

-55 Cel

0.003

POLARIZED

5.7 mm

4.3 mm

52

4 mm

TR

1717

2

SMT

4.3 mm

FLAT

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

ZRB18AC81A106KE01L

Murata Manufacturing

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

10 V

105 Cel

CERAMIC

-55 Cel

22%

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

1 mm

.8 mm

Yes

TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH

0603

2

SMT

1.6 mm

WRAPAROUND

10 %

X6S

10 %

106TTA160M

Cornell Dubilier Electronics

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

10 uF

160 V

85 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.2

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

0.2

TUBULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

80

8 mm

33157

e3

2

Axial

20 mm

WIRE

20 %

20 %

22205C106K4T2A

KYOCERA AVX

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

50 V

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-55 Cel

15%

MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

2.79 mm

5 mm

Yes

TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH

2220

e3

2

SMT

5.7 mm

WRAPAROUND

10 %

X7R

AEC-Q200

10 %

298D106X0010M2T

Vishay Intertechnology

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

10 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.2

-55 Cel

TIN

0.001

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

.9 mm

.85 mm

23.2

7500

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

0603

e3

2

SMT

1.6 mm

WRAPAROUND

20 %

20 %

885012214006

Wurth Elektronik

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

100 V

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-55 Cel

15%

2.8 mm

5 mm

Yes

TR, Embossed Plastic, 7 Inch

2220

2

SMT

5.7 mm

WRAPAROUND

10 %

X7R

10 %

A759KS106M2CAAE110

KEMET Corporation

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

10 uF

160 V

125 Cel

ALUMINUM (SOLID POLYMER)

0.12

-55 Cel

0.24

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

27.5

8 mm

110

ESR IS MEASURED AT 100 KHZ

BULK

2

Radial

12 mm

WIRE

20 %

20 %

3.5 mm

C0805C106J9RACAUTO7210

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

6.3 V

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-55 Cel

15%

MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL

1.25 mm

1.25 mm

Yes

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 13 INCH

0805

e3

2

SMT

2 mm

WRAPAROUND

5 %

X7R

AEC-Q200

5 %

C0805C106M8RACAUTO7210

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

10 V

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-55 Cel

15%

MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

1.25 mm

1.25 mm

Yes

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 13 INCH

0805

e3

2

SMT

2 mm

WRAPAROUND

20 %

X7R

AEC-Q200

20 %

C1812C106M5R2CAUTO7289

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

50 V

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-55 Cel

15%

MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL

5 mm

3.5 mm

Yes

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 13 INCH

1812

e3

2

SMT

5 mm

J BEND

20 %

X7R

AEC-Q200

20 %

CWR11KC106KC

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

25 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.06

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

0.0025

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

2.8 mm

4.3 mm

1200

ESR IS MEASURED AT 100 KHZ

2917

e0

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

10 %

MIL-PRF-55365/8

10 %

CWR11KH106KB

Vishay Intertechnology

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

25 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.06

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn90Pb10) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

0.0025

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

2.8 mm

4.3 mm

1200

ESR IS MEASURED AT 100 KHZ

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2917

e0

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

10 %

MIL-PRF-55365/8

10 %

CWR11KH106KM

Vishay Intertechnology

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

25 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.06

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn90Pb10) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

0.0025

POLARIZED

2.8 mm

4.3 mm

1200

ESR IS MEASURED AT 100 KHZ

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2917

e0

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

10 %

MIL-PRF-55365/8

10 %

F980J106MMA

KYOCERA AVX

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

6.3 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.08

-55 Cel

Gold (Au) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

0.0006

POLARIZED

.8 mm

.85 mm

26

6000

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, 7 Inch

0603

e4

2

SMT

1.6 mm

ONE SURFACE

20 %

20 %

GRM188R60J106KE47J

Murata Manufacturing

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

6.3 V

85 Cel

CERAMIC

-55 Cel

15%

MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

.8 mm

.8 mm

Yes

TR, PAPER, 13 INCH

0603

e3

2

SMT

1.6 mm

WRAPAROUND

10 %

X5R

10 %

KRM55LR71H106KH01L

Murata Manufacturing

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

50 V

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-55 Cel

15%

MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

2.8 mm

5.3 mm

Yes

TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH

2421

e3

2

SMT

6.1 mm

J BEND

10 %

X7R

10 %

KRM55QR72A106KH01K

Murata Manufacturing

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

100 V

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-55 Cel

15%

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

3.7 mm

5.3 mm

Yes

TR, EMBOSSED, 13 INCH

2421

2

SMT

6.1 mm

J BEND

10 %

X7R

10 %

KRM55TR72A106MH01L

Murata Manufacturing

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

100 V

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-55 Cel

15%

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

4.8 mm

5.3 mm

Yes

TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH

2421

2

SMT

6.1 mm

J BEND

20 %

X7R

20 %

SK100M160ST

Cornell Dubilier Electronics

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

10 uF

160 V

85 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.2

-25 Cel

TIN

0.048

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

65

8 mm

19900

e3

2

Radial

11 mm

WIRE

20 %

20 %

3.5 mm

T378D106K020AS

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

10 uF

20 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.06

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

0.002

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

7.366 mm

2.794 mm

BULK

e0

2

Radial

5.588 mm

WIRE

10 %

MIL-PRF-49137/6

10 %

4.572 mm

TACR106K004XTA

KYOCERA AVX

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

4 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.08

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

0.0005

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

1.35 mm

1.35 mm

38

5000

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, PLASTIC, 4.25 INCH

0805

e3

2

SMT

2 mm

WRAPAROUND

10 %

10 %

TAP106K050CCS

KYOCERA AVX

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

10 uF

50 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.08

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

0.004

DISK PACKAGE

POLARIZED

8 mm

1600

BULK

e3

2

Radial

13 mm

WIRE

10 %

CECC30201-032

10 %

5 mm

UCZ1K100MCS1GS

Nichicon

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

80 V

125 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.12

-40 Cel

0.008

POLARIZED

10 mm

8.3 mm

35

8 mm

750

ESR IS MEASURED AT 100 KHZ

TR, 15 INCH

3333

2

SMT

8.3 mm

FLAT

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

UMK325AB7106KM8P

Taiyo Yuden

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

50 V

125 Cel

CERAMIC

0.1

-55 Cel

15%

MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

2.5 mm

2.5 mm

Yes

TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH

1210

e3

2

SMT

3.2 mm

WRAPAROUND

10 %

X7R

AEC-Q200

10 %

UMK325BJ106MMHP

Taiyo Yuden

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

10 uF

50 V

85 Cel

CERAMIC

0.05

-55 Cel

15%

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

2.5 mm

2.5 mm

Yes

TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH

1210

e3

2

SMT

3.2 mm

WRAPAROUND

20 %

X5R

AEC-Q200

20 %

UPW2C100MPD

Nichicon

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

10 uF

160 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.15

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

.164

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

12

10 mm

NON SOLVENT-PROOF

TAPE

e3

2

Radial

12.5 mm

WIRE

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

5 mm

Fixed Capacitors

Fixed capacitors are electronic components that have a fixed capacitance value that cannot be changed. They are used in electronic circuits to provide a specific capacitance value for a given application.

Fixed capacitors are made using a variety of dielectric materials, including ceramic, tantalum, aluminum electrolytic, polyester, and polypropylene. The choice of dielectric material depends on the specific requirements of the application, such as operating voltage, temperature range, and stability.

Fixed capacitors are available in a variety of shapes and sizes, such as through-hole, surface mount, and leaded types. They can also be classified based on their operating voltage, tolerance, and temperature coefficient.

Some common applications of fixed capacitors include decoupling, filtering, timing, and coupling circuits. In decoupling circuits, fixed capacitors are used to filter out unwanted high-frequency noise and ensure stable power supply operation. In timing circuits, fixed capacitors are used to set the time constant and determine the frequency of oscillation.

One of the main advantages of fixed capacitors is their stable capacitance value, which does not change over time or with changes in operating conditions. This makes them suitable for applications that require consistent and predictable performance.