100 uF Fixed Capacitors 1,945

Reset All

Part	Manufacturer	Capacitor Type	Mounting Feature	Capacitance	Rated DC Voltage (URdc)	Maximum Operating Temperature	Dielectric Material	Tan Delta	Minimum Operating Temperature	Temperature Coef (ppm/Cel)	Terminal Finish	Leakage Current (mA)	Package Shape	Polarity	Manufacturer Series	Height	Width	Ripple Current (mA)	Diameter	Multi-layer	Equivalent Series Resistance / ESR (mohm )	Additional Features	Packing Method	Size Code	JESD-609 Code	Series	No. of Terminals	Package Style (Meter)	Rated AC Voltage (URac)	Length	Terminal Shape	Positive Tolerance	Temperature Characteristics Code	Reference Standard	Negative Tolerance	Terminal Pitch
LMK325ABJ107MMHT	Taiyo Yuden	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	10 V	85 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	15%	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			2.5 mm	2.5 mm			Yes			TAPE, EMBOSSED	1210	e3		2	SMT		3.2 mm	WRAPAROUND	20 %	X5R	AEC-Q200	20 %
TR3C107K010C0200	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	10 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.08	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN	0.01	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		2.5 mm	3.2 mm	296			200	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2312	e3		2	SMT		6 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
UCD2A101MNQ1MS	Nichicon	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	100 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.07	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN	0.1	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED		16.5 mm	17.1 mm	396.5	16 mm				TR, 13 INCH	6767	e3		2	SMT		17.1 mm	FLAT	20 %		AEC-Q200	20 %
C4532X6S0J107M280KC	TDK	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	6.3 V	105 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	22%	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			2.8 mm	3.2 mm			Yes			TR, 7 INCH	1812	e3		2	SMT		4.5 mm	WRAPAROUND	20 %	X6S		20 %
CKG57NX7S1C107M500JJ	TDK	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	16 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	22%	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			5 mm	5 mm			Yes			TR, 13 Inch	2420	e3		2	SMT		6 mm	J BEND	20 %	X7S	AEC-Q200	20 %
EEEFC1E101P	Panasonic	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	25 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.14	-40 Cel			0.025	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED		10.2 mm	8.3 mm	337.5	8 mm				TR, EMBOSSED, 15 INCH	3333			2	SMT		8.3 mm	FLAT	20 %		AEC-Q200	20 %
EEFCT0J101R	Panasonic	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	6.3 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (SOLID POLYMER)	0.06	-55 Cel		TIN	0.063		POLARIZED		1.4 mm	4.3 mm	1275			15	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED, 7/13 INCH	2917	e3		2	SMT		7.3 mm	WRAPAROUND	20 %			20 %
RHS1V101MCN1GS	Nichicon	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	35 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (SOLID POLYMER)	0.12	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN	0.7	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED		8.7 mm	8.3 mm	300	8 mm		25	ESR IS MEASURED AT 100 KHZ	TR, 15 INCH	3333	e3		2	SMT		8.3 mm	FLAT	20 %			20 %
TPSD107K016R0150	KYOCERA AVX	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	16 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	0.016	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		2.9 mm	4.3 mm	400			150	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3		2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
EEUED2D101	Panasonic	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	100 uF	200 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.15	-25 Cel		TIN	1.21	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED				585	16 mm				BULK		e3		2	Radial		25 mm	WIRE	20 %			20 %	7.5 mm
MAL225957101E3	Vishay Intertechnology	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	100 uF	450 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)		-40 Cel			0.45		POLARIZED				870	22 mm	No	1120		BULK				2	Snap-in		30 mm	SNAP-IN	20 %			20 %	10 mm
TR3D107K010C0100	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	10 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	0.01	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		2.8 mm	4.3 mm	488			100	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3		2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
593D107X9010C2TE3	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	10 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.08	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	0.01	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		2.5 mm	3.2 mm	296			200	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, Embossed Plastic, 7 Inch	2413	e3		2	SMT		6 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
EEEHC1E101P	Panasonic	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	25 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.16	-40 Cel			0.025	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED		10.2 mm	8.3 mm	130	8 mm				TR, EMBOSSED, 15 INCH	3333			2	SMT		8.3 mm	FLAT	20 %		AEC-Q200	20 %
EEETK2A101AM	Panasonic	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	100 V	125 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.1	-40 Cel			0.1	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED		16.5 mm	17 mm	262.5	16 mm		300	ESR MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, 13 INCH	6767			2	SMT		17 mm	FLAT	20 %		AEC-Q200	20 %
M49470X01107KAJ	KYOCERA AVX	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	50 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	15%	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			16.51 mm	12.7 mm			Yes					e0		40	SMT		52.7 mm	J BEND	10 %	BX	MIL-PRF-49470/1	10 %
UVR1H101MPD	Nichicon	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	100 uF	50 V	85 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.12	-40 Cel		Matte Tin (Sn)	.15	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED				260	8 mm				BULK		e3		2	Radial		11.5 mm	WIRE	20 %			20 %	3.5 mm
CC1210MKX5R6BB107	Yageo	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	10 V	85 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	15%	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			2.5 mm	2.5 mm			Yes			TR, BLISTER, 7 INCH	1210	e3		2	SMT		3.2 mm	WRAPAROUND	20 %	X5R		20 %
JMK316BBJ107MLHT	Taiyo Yuden	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	6.3 V	85 Cel	CERAMIC	0.1	-55 Cel	15%			RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			1.6 mm	1.6 mm			Yes			TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH	1206			2	SMT		3.2 mm	WRAPAROUND	20 %	X5R	AEC-Q200	20 %
T491D107K006AT	KEMET Corporation	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	6.3 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.08	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	0.0063	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		2.8 mm	4.3 mm	173			800	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3		2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
UCM1V101MCL1GS	Nichicon	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	35 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.12	-55 Cel		Tin (Sn)	.035	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED		5.8 mm	6.6 mm	150	6.3 mm				TAPE	2626	e3		2	SMT		6.6 mm	FLAT	20 %		AEC-Q200	20 %
UHE1E101MED1TD	Nichicon	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	100 uF	25 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.14	-40 Cel		MATTE TIN	.025	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED				238	6.3 mm				AMMO PACK		e3		2	Radial		11 mm	WIRE	20 %			20 %	2.5 mm
UVR1E101MED1TD	Nichicon	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	100 uF	25 V	85 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.16	-40 Cel		MATTE TIN	.075	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED				190	6.3 mm				AMMO PACK		e3		2	Radial		11 mm	WIRE	20 %			20 %	2.5 mm
C4AQLBW6100A3MK	KEMET Corporation	FILM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	100 uF	500 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (SOLID POLYMER)		-55 Cel		TIN					45 mm	30 mm						TRAY		e3		4	PCB Mount		57.5 mm	WIRE	10 %		AEC-Q200; EN; IEC; VDE	10 %
ECA1VHG101B	Panasonic	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	100 uF	35 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.14	-55 Cel		TIN	0.035	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED				150	6.3 mm				AMMO PACK		e3		2	Radial		11.2 mm	WIRE	20 %		AEC-Q200	20 %	5 mm
EEETG1H101UP	Panasonic	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	50 V	125 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.14	-40 Cel		TIN BISMUTH	0.05	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED		10.2 mm	10.3 mm	143.65	10 mm		500	ESR IS MEASURED AT 100 KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED, 15 INCH	4141	e6		2	SMT		10.3 mm	FLAT	20 %		AEC-Q200	20 %
ESY107M025AE3AA	KEMET Corporation	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	100 uF	25 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.14	-40 Cel			0.025	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED				287	6.3 mm				BULK				2	Radial		11 mm	WIRE	20 %			20 %	2.5 mm
TPSD107K010R0050	KYOCERA AVX	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	10 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	0.01	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		2.9 mm	4.3 mm	693			50	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3		2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
UUA1H101MNL1GS	Nichicon	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	50 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.12	-55 Cel		Tin/Bismuth (Sn/Bi)	.05	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED		10 mm	10.3 mm	310	10 mm				TR, 15 INCH	1717	e6		2	SMT		10.3 mm	FLAT	20 %		AEC-Q200	20 %
10TPB100ML	Panasonic	TANTALUM CAPACITOR		100 uF	10 V	105 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)		-55 Cel		Palladium/Gold (Pd/Au)			POLARIZED		2.8 mm	4.3 mm							2917	e4	TPB( D3L SIZE)	2	SMT		7.3 mm		20 %			20 %
16SEPC100MW+S	Panasonic	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	100 uF	16 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (SOLID POLYMER)	0.1	-55 Cel			0.5		POLARIZED				234	6.3 mm		10	ESR IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ TO 300KHZ	AMMO PACK				2	Radial		9 mm	WIRE	20 %			20 %	2.5 mm
APXG160ARA101ME61G	Nippon Chemi-con	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	16 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (SOLID POLYMER)	0.12	-55 Cel		Tin/Bismuth (Sn/Bi)	0.32	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED		5.8 mm	5.3 mm	150	5 mm		27	ESR IS MEASURED AT 100 KHZ-300 KHZ	TR, 15 INCH	2121	e6		2	SMT		5.3 mm	FLAT	20 %			20 %
C3216JB1A107M160AC	TDK	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	10 V	85 Cel	CERAMIC		-25 Cel	10%	TIN OVER NICKEL		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			1.6 mm	1.6 mm			Yes			TR, 7 INCH	1206	e3		2	SMT		3.2 mm	WRAPAROUND	20 %	JB		20 %
T495D107M016ATE100	KEMET Corporation	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	16 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.08	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	0.016	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		2.8 mm	4.3 mm	196			100		TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3		2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	20 %			20 %
TAJV107K020RNJ	KYOCERA AVX	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	20 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.08	-55 Cel		Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	0.02	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		3.55 mm	6.1 mm	211			900	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2924	e3		2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
25THV100M8X10.5	Rubycon	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	25 V	125 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.18	-40 Cel			0.025	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED		10.5 mm	8.3 mm	150			300	ESR IS MEASURED AT 100 KHZ	TR, 15 INCH	3333			2	SMT		8.3 mm	FLAT	20 %		AEC-Q200	20 %
35THV100M8X10.5	Rubycon	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	35 V	125 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.16	-40 Cel			0.035	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED		10.5 mm	8.3 mm	150			300	ESR IS MEASURED AT 100 KHZ	TR, 15 INCH	3333			2	SMT		8.3 mm	FLAT	20 %		AEC-Q200	20 %
63SXV100M	Panasonic	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	63 V	125 Cel	ALUMINUM (SOLID POLYMER)	0.12	-55 Cel			0.315		POLARIZED		12.6 mm	10.3 mm	51.5	10 mm		25	ESR IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ TO 300KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED, 15 INCH	4141			2	SMT		10.3 mm	FLAT	20 %			20 %
C44AFGP6100ZG0J	KEMET Corporation	FILM CAPACITOR	STUD MOUNT	100 uF	400 V	85 Cel	POLYPROPYLENE		-40 Cel				CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE						60 mm				BULK				2	CAN	250 V	138 mm	BINDING POST	5 %		EN 61071; IEC 071; VDE 0560	5 %	22.3 mm
EEUED2D101S	Panasonic	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	100 uF	200 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.15	-25 Cel		TIN	1.21	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED				576	18 mm				BULK		e3		2	Radial		20 mm	WIRE	20 %			20 %	7.5 mm
T495D107K016ATE150	KEMET Corporation	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	16 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.08	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	.016	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		2.8 mm	4.3 mm	400			150		TR, 7 INCH	2917	e3		2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %	1.3 mm
T520A107M006ATE070	KEMET Corporation	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	6.3 V	105 Cel	TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)	0.08	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN	0.063	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		1.6 mm	1.6 mm	258.75			70	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	1206	e3		2	SMT		3.2 mm	J BEND	20 %			20 %
TAJE107M025RNJV	KYOCERA AVX	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	25 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.1	-55 Cel		Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	0.025	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		4.1 mm	4.3 mm	297			300	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3		2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	20 %			20 %
6SVP100M	Panasonic	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	6.3 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (SOLID POLYMER)	0.12	-55 Cel			0.126	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED		5.9 mm	6.6 mm	90.5	6.3 mm		40	ESR IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ TO 300KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED, 15 INCH	2626			2	SMT		6.6 mm	FLAT	20 %			20 %
MAL214699906E3	Vishay Intertechnology	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR		100 uF	100 V	125 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)		-55 Cel					POLARIZED		16 mm	12.5 mm	420					Blister Pack	4949			2	SMT		12.5 mm		20 %		AEC-Q200	20 %
MCESL50V107M8X10.5	Spc Technology/ Multicomp	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	50 V	85 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.12	-40 Cel			0.05	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED		10.5 mm	8.3 mm	200					TAPE	3333			2	SMT		8.3 mm	FLAT	20 %			20 %
T598D107M010ATE040	KEMET Corporation	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	10 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)		-55 Cel		Tin (Sn)	0.1		POLARIZED		2.8 mm	4.3 mm	837.5			40	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3		2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	20 %		AEC-Q200	20 %
UVR1H101MPD1TD	Nichicon	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	100 uF	50 V	85 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.12	-40 Cel		MATTE TIN	.15	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED	VR			260	8 mm				AMMO PACK		e3	VR	2	Radial		11.5 mm	WIRE	20 %			20 %	3.5 mm

Fixed Capacitors

Fixed capacitors are electronic components that have a fixed capacitance value that cannot be changed. They are used in electronic circuits to provide a specific capacitance value for a given application.

Fixed capacitors are made using a variety of dielectric materials, including ceramic, tantalum, aluminum electrolytic, polyester, and polypropylene. The choice of dielectric material depends on the specific requirements of the application, such as operating voltage, temperature range, and stability.

Fixed capacitors are available in a variety of shapes and sizes, such as through-hole, surface mount, and leaded types. They can also be classified based on their operating voltage, tolerance, and temperature coefficient.

Some common applications of fixed capacitors include decoupling, filtering, timing, and coupling circuits. In decoupling circuits, fixed capacitors are used to filter out unwanted high-frequency noise and ensure stable power supply operation. In timing circuits, fixed capacitors are used to set the time constant and determine the frequency of oscillation.

One of the main advantages of fixed capacitors is their stable capacitance value, which does not change over time or with changes in operating conditions. This makes them suitable for applications that require consistent and predictable performance.