15 uF Fixed Capacitors 577

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Part	Manufacturer	Capacitor Type	Mounting Feature	Capacitance	Rated DC Voltage (URdc)	Maximum Operating Temperature	Dielectric Material	Tan Delta	Minimum Operating Temperature	Temperature Coef (ppm/Cel)	Terminal Finish	Leakage Current (mA)	Package Shape	Polarity	Height	Width	Ripple Current (mA)	Diameter	Multi-layer	Equivalent Series Resistance / ESR (mohm )	Additional Features	Packing Method	Size Code	JESD-609 Code	No. of Terminals	Package Style (Meter)	Rated AC Voltage (URac)	Length	Terminal Shape	Positive Tolerance	Temperature Characteristics Code	Reference Standard	Negative Tolerance	Terminal Pitch
TAJC156K020RNJ	KYOCERA AVX	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	20 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	0.003	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	2.6 mm	3.2 mm	102			1700	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2312	e3	2	SMT		6 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
TCJE156M050R0070E	KYOCERA AVX	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	50 V	105 Cel	TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)	0.06	-55 Cel		TIN	0.075		POLARIZED	4.1 mm	4.3 mm	1900			70	ESR IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ, RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 1000KHZ, 45CEL	TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3	2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	20 %			20 %
TCJE156M050R0100E	KYOCERA AVX	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	50 V	105 Cel	TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)	0.06	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	0.075		POLARIZED	4.1 mm	4.3 mm	700			100	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3	2	SMT		7.3 mm	WRAPAROUND	20 %			20 %
TPSC156K035R0450	KYOCERA AVX	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	35 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	0.0053	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	2.6 mm	3.2 mm	198			450	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2312	e3	2	SMT		6 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
TR3E156M050C0400	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	50 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN	0.0075	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	4 mm	4.3 mm	256			400	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3	2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	20 %			20 %
TR3E156M050E0400	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	50 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	0.0075	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	4 mm	4.3 mm	256			400	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e0	2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	20 %			20 %
150D156X9020B2BE3	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	15 uF	20 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		Tin (Sn)	0.002	TUBULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED				4.7 mm				Bulk		e3	2	Axial		12.04 mm	WIRE	10 %			10 %
150D156X9035R2BE3	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	15 uF	35 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.04	-55 Cel		Tin (Sn)	0.003	TUBULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED				7.34 mm				Bulk		e3	2	Axial		17.42 mm	WIRE	10 %			10 %
293D156X9020C2TE3	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	20 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN	0.003	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	2.5 mm	3.2 mm	108			1500	RIPPLE CURRENT AND ESR IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2312	e3	2	SMT		6 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
293D156X9025D2TE3	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	25 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	0.0038	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	2.8 mm	4.3 mm	172			800	RIPPLE CURRENT AND ESR IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3	2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
B32928A4156K000	TDK	FILM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	15 uF	650 V	110 Cel	POLYPROPYLENE		-40 Cel						50 mm	35 mm						BULK			4	PCB Mount	350 V	57.5 mm	WIRE	10 %		AEC-Q200, CSA, CQC, CUL, IEC60384-14, UL	10 %
CKG57KX7S2A156M335JJ	TDK	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	100 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	22%	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE		3.35 mm	5 mm			Yes			TR, 13 Inch	2420	e3	2	SMT		6 mm	J BEND	20 %	X7S	AEC-Q200	20 %
CWR11JH156KB	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	20 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		Tin/Lead (Sn90Pb10) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	0.003	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	2.8 mm	4.3 mm				1100	ESR IS MEASURED AT 100 KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e0	2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	10 %		MIL-PRF-55365/8	10 %
DCP4N051507GD4KSSD	Wima & Kg	FILM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	15 uF	900 V	105 Cel	POLYPROPYLENE		-55 Cel		TIN				39.5 mm	20 mm						TRAY		e3	4	PCB Mount		41.5 mm	WIRE	10 %		AEC-Q200	10 %
EZPE1B156MTA	Panasonic	FILM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	15 uF	1100 V	85 Cel	POLYPROPYLENE		-40 Cel						51 mm	30 mm	8500			8.2	ESR IS MEASURED AT 10KHZ, RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 10KHZ AND 70CEL				4	PCB Mount		41.5 mm	WIRE	10 %			10 %
KTJ101B156M76BFT00	Nippon Chemi-con	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	100 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	15%	TIN				8.5 mm	6.6 mm			Yes			TR, 15 INCH	3025	e3	2	SMT		7.8 mm	J BEND	20 %	X7R	AEC-Q200	20 %
MKP1848C61590JP2	Vishay Intertechnology	FILM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	15 uF	900 V	105 Cel	POLYPROPYLENE		-55 Cel		Tin (Sn)				38.5 mm	21.5 mm					STANDARD: IEC60068			e3	2	Radial		43 mm	WIRE	5 %		IEC61071	5 %	37.5 mm
T10W15NR-F	Cornell Dubilier Electronics	FILM CAPACITOR	CHASSIS MOUNT	15 uF	1000 V	105 Cel	MIXED (PAPER+PLASTIC)		-55 Cel		TIN OVER COPPER		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE		133.35 mm	50.038 mm								e3	2	Screw Ends		92.964 mm	THREADED STUD	10 %			10 %
T110D156K075AS	KEMET Corporation	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	15 uF	75 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.04	-55 Cel		Tin/Lead (Sn60Pb40)	0.007	TUBULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED				8.92 mm				TRAY		e0	2	Axial		19.96 mm	WIRE	10 %			10 %
T212D156K075BS	KEMET Corporation	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	15 uF	75 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.04	-55 Cel		TIN LEAD	.007	TUBULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED				8.92 mm				TR		e0	2	Axial		19.96 mm	WIRE	10 %		MIL-PRF-39003	10 %
T491B156K025AT	KEMET Corporation	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	25 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.08	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	0.0038	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	1.9 mm	2.8 mm	58			4000	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	1411	e3	2	SMT		3.5 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
T491T156K010AT	KEMET Corporation	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	10 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	0.0015	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	1.1 mm	2.8 mm	63			2800	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	1411	e3	2	SMT		3.5 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
T495X156K050ATE300	KEMET Corporation	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	50 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	0.0075	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	4 mm	4.3 mm	118.8			300		TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3	2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
T543X156M063AHE035	KEMET Corporation	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	63 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)	0.1	-55 Cel		TIN LEAD	0.095	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	4 mm	4.3 mm	664.25			35		TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e0	2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	20 %			20 %
T55A156M004C0200	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	4 V	105 Cel	TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)	0.1	-55 Cel		TIN	0.006		POLARIZED	1.6 mm	1.6 mm	304			200	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	1206	e3	2	SMT		3.2 mm	J BEND	20 %			20 %
T55A156M004C0500	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	4 V	105 Cel	TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)	0.1	-55 Cel		TIN	0.006		POLARIZED	1.6 mm	1.6 mm	192			500	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	1206	e3	2	SMT		3.2 mm	J BEND	20 %			20 %
T55V156M035C0125	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	35 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)	0.1	-55 Cel		NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	0.0525		POLARIZED	1.9 mm	4.3 mm	305			125	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e4	2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	20 %			20 %
TR3B156K025C0600	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	25 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN	0.0038	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	1.9 mm	2.8 mm	152			600	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	1411	e3	2	SMT		3.5 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
TRJB156K020R0500	KYOCERA AVX	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	20 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	0.0023	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	1.9 mm	2.8 mm	188			500	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH	1210	e3	2	SMT		3.5 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
293D156X9035D2TE3	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	35 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	0.0053	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	2.8 mm	4.3 mm	184			700	RIPPLE CURRENT AND ESR IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3	2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
CWR11KH156KB	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	25 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		Tin/Lead (Sn90Pb10) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	0.0038	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	2.8 mm	4.3 mm				1000	ESR IS MEASURED AT 100 KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e0	2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	10 %		MIL-PRF-55365/8	10 %
UCY2G150MPD1TD	Nichicon	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR		15 uF	400 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)		-40 Cel					POLARIZED			180	10 mm				Tape			2	Radial		20 mm		20 %			20 %	5 mm
TAP156K035SCS	KYOCERA AVX	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	15 uF	35 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.08	-55 Cel		Matte Tin (Sn)	0.0042	DISK PACKAGE	POLARIZED				7 mm		1600		BULK		e3	2	Radial		10.5 mm	WIRE	10 %		CECC30201-032	10 %	2.5 mm
EEFCS1E150R	Panasonic	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	25 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (SOLID POLYMER)	0.06	-55 Cel			0.1125		POLARIZED	1.1 mm	4.3 mm	1600			40	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED, 7/13 INCH	2917		2	SMT		7.3 mm	WRAPAROUND	20 %			20 %
T491C156K035AT	KEMET Corporation	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	35 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	0.0053	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	2.5 mm	3.2 mm	133			1000	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2413	e3	2	SMT		6 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
C4AQGBU5150P11K	KEMET Corporation	FILM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	15 uF	450 V	125 Cel	POLYPROPYLENE		-55 Cel						29 mm	19 mm						TRAY			2	Radial		31.5 mm	WIRE	10 %		AEC-Q200; EN; IEC; VDE	10 %	27.5 mm
UCY2G150MPD	Nichicon	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	15 uF	400 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.24	-40 Cel		MATTE TIN	0.34		POLARIZED			180	10 mm				BULK		e3	2	Radial		20 mm	WIRE	20 %		AEC-Q200	20 %	5 mm
C1608X5R1A156M080AC	TDK	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	10 V	85 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	15%	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE		.8 mm	.8 mm			Yes			TR, 7 INCH	0603	e3	2	SMT		1.6 mm	WRAPAROUND	20 %	X5R		20 %
ULH2D150MNL1GS	Nichicon	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	200 V	125 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.2	-40 Cel		TIN BISMUTH	0.22		POLARIZED	10 mm	10.3 mm	60	10 mm				TR, 15 INCH	4141	e6	2	SMT		10.3 mm	FLAT	20 %		AEC-Q200	20 %
TPSC156K035R0350	KYOCERA AVX	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	35 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	0.0053	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	2.6 mm	3.2 mm	224			350	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2312	e3	2	SMT		6 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
C4532X7R1E156M280KB	TDK	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	25 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	15%	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE		2.8 mm	3.2 mm			Yes			TR, 7 INCH	1812	e3	2	SMT		4.5 mm	WRAPAROUND	20 %	X7R		20 %
T521X156M063ATE035	KEMET Corporation	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	63 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)	0.1	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN	0.0945	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	4 mm	4.3 mm	845			35	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3	2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	20 %			20 %
ULT2C150MNL1GS	Nichicon	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	160 V	125 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.2	-40 Cel			0.196		POLARIZED	10 mm	8.3 mm	45	8 mm				TR, 15 INCH	3333		2	SMT		8.3 mm	FLAT	20 %		AEC-Q200	20 %
35TQC15MYF	Panasonic	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	35 V	105 Cel	TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)	0.10	-55 Cel			0.0525	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	1.9 mm	4.3 mm	900			150	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, Embossed, 13 Inch	2917		2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	20 %			20 %
C3216X5R1E156M160AB	TDK	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	25 V	85 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	15%	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE		1.6 mm	1.6 mm			Yes			TR, 7 INCH	1206	e3	2	SMT		3.2 mm	WRAPAROUND	20 %	X5R		20 %
MKP1848SE61590JP4F	Vishay Intertechnology	FILM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	15 uF	900 V	105 Cel	POLYPROPYLENE		-40 Cel						24 mm	39 mm									4	PCB Mount		42 mm	WIRE	5 %		AEC-Q200; IEC61071	5 %
TAJB156K016RNJ	KYOCERA AVX	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 uF	16 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	0.0024	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED	1.9 mm	2.8 mm	74			2500	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH	1210	e3	2	SMT		3.5 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
C274AC35150AA0J	KEMET Corporation	FILM CAPACITOR	STUD MOUNT	15 uF		85 Cel	POLYPROPYLENE		-25 Cel				CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE					40 mm				BULK			2	CAN	470 V	73.5 mm	LUG	5 %		EN; IEC	5 %

Fixed Capacitors

Fixed capacitors are electronic components that have a fixed capacitance value that cannot be changed. They are used in electronic circuits to provide a specific capacitance value for a given application.

Fixed capacitors are made using a variety of dielectric materials, including ceramic, tantalum, aluminum electrolytic, polyester, and polypropylene. The choice of dielectric material depends on the specific requirements of the application, such as operating voltage, temperature range, and stability.

Fixed capacitors are available in a variety of shapes and sizes, such as through-hole, surface mount, and leaded types. They can also be classified based on their operating voltage, tolerance, and temperature coefficient.

Some common applications of fixed capacitors include decoupling, filtering, timing, and coupling circuits. In decoupling circuits, fixed capacitors are used to filter out unwanted high-frequency noise and ensure stable power supply operation. In timing circuits, fixed capacitors are used to set the time constant and determine the frequency of oscillation.

One of the main advantages of fixed capacitors is their stable capacitance value, which does not change over time or with changes in operating conditions. This makes them suitable for applications that require consistent and predictable performance.