Part | RoHS | Manufacturer | Capacitor Type | Mounting Feature | Capacitance | Rated DC Voltage (URdc) | Maximum Operating Temperature | Dielectric Material | Tan Delta | Minimum Operating Temperature | Temperature Coef (ppm/Cel) | Terminal Finish | Leakage Current (mA) | Package Shape | Polarity | Manufacturer Series | Height | Width | Ripple Current (mA) | Diameter | Multi-layer | Equivalent Series Resistance / ESR (mohm ) | Additional Features | Packing Method | Size Code | JESD-609 Code | Series | No. of Terminals | Package Style (Meter) | Rated AC Voltage (URac) | Length | Terminal Shape | Positive Tolerance | Temperature Characteristics Code | Reference Standard | Negative Tolerance | Custom Capabilities | Terminal Pitch |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Walsin Technology |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
1 uF |
16 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
.5 mm |
.5 mm |
Yes |
TR, PAPER, 7 INCH |
0402 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
1 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
20 % |
X5R |
20 % |
||||||||||||||
|
Walsin Technology |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
4.7 uF |
10 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
.5 mm |
.5 mm |
Yes |
TR, PAPER, 7 INCH |
0402 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
1 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X5R |
10 % |
||||||||||||||
|
Walsin Technology |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
4.7 uF |
6.3 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
.5 mm |
.5 mm |
Yes |
TR, PAPER, 7 INCH |
0402 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
1 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
20 % |
X5R |
20 % |
||||||||||||||
|
Walsin Technology |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
2.2 uF |
25 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-25 Cel |
-80/+30% |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
.95 mm |
1.6 mm |
Yes |
TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH |
1206 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
3.2 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
80 % |
Y5V |
20 % |
||||||||||||||
|
KYOCERA AVX |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
4.7 uF |
10 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
2.79 mm |
2.5 mm |
Yes |
TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH |
1210 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
3.2 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
20 % |
X5R |
20 % |
||||||||||||||
|
Cornell Dubilier Electronics |
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
3300 uF |
35 V |
85 Cel |
ALUMINUM (WET) |
0.2 |
-40 Cel |
Matte Tin (Sn) |
3.465 |
TUBULAR PACKAGE |
POLARIZED |
1810 |
16 mm |
90.4 |
e3 |
2 |
Axial |
41 mm |
WIRE |
20 % |
20 % |
|||||||||||||||
|
Rubycon |
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
470 uF |
450 V |
85 Cel |
ALUMINUM (WET) |
0.2 |
-25 Cel |
TIN |
1.37967 |
CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE |
POLARIZED |
2660 |
30 mm |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
Snap-in |
45 mm |
SNAP-IN |
20 % |
20 % |
|||||||||||||||
|
Cornell Dubilier Electronics |
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
47 uF |
100 V |
85 Cel |
ALUMINUM (WET) |
0.1 |
-40 Cel |
Matte Tin (Sn) |
0.047 |
CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE |
POLARIZED |
10.5 mm |
10 mm |
130 |
10 mm |
3527.4 |
3939 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
10 mm |
FLAT |
20 % |
20 % |
||||||||||||
|
Wurth Elektronik |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.1 uF |
16 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
.5 mm |
.5 mm |
Yes |
0402 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
1 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
20 % |
X5R |
20 % |
|||||||||||||||
|
Cornell Dubilier Electronics |
FILM CAPACITOR |
STUD MOUNT |
360 uF |
800 V |
85 Cel |
POLYPROPYLENE |
-40 Cel |
TIN |
CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE |
65000 |
90 mm |
1.9 |
STANDARD: IEC61881 |
e3 |
2 |
Chassis Mount |
230 V |
97 mm |
THREADED STUD |
10 % |
IEC61071 |
10 % |
|||||||||||||||
|
KEMET Corporation |
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
470 uF |
600 V |
85 Cel |
ALUMINUM (WET) |
-40 Cel |
1.692 |
POLARIZED |
3500 |
40 mm |
279 |
5 |
PCB Mount |
70 mm |
PRESS FIT |
20 % |
20 % |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
TDK |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.047 uF |
100 V |
85 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-55 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
63 V |
WIRE |
5 % |
5 % |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
TDK |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.047 uF |
250 V |
85 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-55 Cel |
TIN |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
160 V |
WIRE |
5 % |
5 % |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
TDK |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
1 uF |
400 V |
85 Cel |
POLYPROPYLENE |
-55 Cel |
Matte Tin (Sn) |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
200 V |
WIRE |
10 % |
10 % |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
TDK |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
1 uF |
1050 V |
85 Cel |
POLYPROPYLENE |
-40 Cel |
TIN |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
23 mm |
13.5 mm |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
31.5 mm |
WIRE |
10 % |
10 % |
27.5 mm |
|||||||||||||||||
|
TDK |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
1.5 uF |
1050 V |
85 Cel |
POLYPROPYLENE |
-40 Cel |
TIN |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
27.5 mm |
18 mm |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
31.5 mm |
WIRE |
10 % |
10 % |
27.5 mm |
|||||||||||||||||
|
TDK |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.47 uF |
1050 V |
85 Cel |
POLYPROPYLENE |
-40 Cel |
TIN |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
19 mm |
11 mm |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
31.5 mm |
WIRE |
10 % |
10 % |
27.5 mm |
|||||||||||||||||
Emz Hanauer & Kgaa |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.00033 uF |
630 V |
85 Cel |
POLYPROPYLENE |
-40 Cel |
4.5 mm |
AMMO PACK |
2 |
Axial |
210 V |
11 mm |
WIRE |
2.5 % |
CECC31800; DIN; IEC384-13 |
2.5 % |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
TDK |
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
1000 uF |
400 V |
85 Cel |
ALUMINUM (WET) |
0.2 |
-25 Cel |
2.5075 |
CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE |
POLARIZED |
B43305 |
3380 |
35 mm |
140 |
BULK |
B43305 |
2 |
Snap-in |
50 mm |
SNAP-IN |
20 % |
20 % |
10 mm |
|||||||||||||
|
TDK |
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR |
CHASSIS MOUNT |
2200 uF |
450 V |
85 Cel |
ALUMINUM (WET) |
-25 Cel |
2.500433 |
CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE |
POLARIZED |
B43564 |
15300 |
64.3 mm |
65 |
Cardboard |
B43564 |
2 |
Screw Ends |
105.7 mm |
BINDING POST |
20 % |
20 % |
28.5 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FILM CAPACITOR |
.01 uF |
2000 V |
85 Cel |
POLYPROPYLENE |
-55 Cel |
Tin (Sn) |
19.5 mm |
10 mm |
TR |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
600 V |
26 mm |
5 % |
5 % |
22.5 mm |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
KEMET Corporation |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.1 uF |
16 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-30 Cel |
-82/+22% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
.5 mm |
.5 mm |
Yes |
TR, PAPER, 7 INCH |
0402 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
1 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
20 % |
Y5V |
80 % |
||||||||||||||
|
KEMET Corporation |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
1 uF |
25 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
.8 mm |
.8 mm |
Yes |
TR, PUNCHED PAPER, 7 INCH |
0603 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
1.6 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X5R |
10 % |
||||||||||||||
KEMET Corporation |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
1 uF |
16 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
Tin/Lead (Sn90Pb10) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
.8 mm |
.8 mm |
Yes |
TR, PAPER, 7 INCH |
0603 |
e0 |
2 |
SMT |
1.6 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X5R |
10 % |
|||||||||||||||
|
TDK |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
1 uF |
6.3 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
.5 mm |
.5 mm |
Yes |
TR, PAPER, 7/13 INCH |
0402 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
1 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
20 % |
X5R |
20 % |
||||||||||||||
|
TDK |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
2.2 uF |
10 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
.5 mm |
.5 mm |
Yes |
TR, 7 INCH |
0402 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
1 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
20 % |
X5R |
20 % |
||||||||||||||
|
KEMET Corporation |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
4.7 uF |
16 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
1.9 mm |
2.5 mm |
Yes |
TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH |
1210 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
3.2 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
20 % |
X5R |
20 % |
||||||||||||||
|
KEMET Corporation |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
4.7 uF |
10 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
1.9 mm |
2.5 mm |
Yes |
TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH |
1210 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
3.2 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
20 % |
X5R |
20 % |
||||||||||||||
|
TDK |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
1 uF |
10 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
.8 mm |
.8 mm |
Yes |
TR, 7 INCH |
0603 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
1.6 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X5R |
10 % |
||||||||||||||
|
TDK |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
15 uF |
6.3 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
.85 mm |
1.25 mm |
Yes |
TR, 7 INCH |
0805 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
2 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
20 % |
X5R |
20 % |
||||||||||||||
|
KEMET Corporation |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.1 uF |
50 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
10 Cel |
-56/+22% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
5.84 mm |
3.18 mm |
Yes |
TR, 12 INCH |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
5.08 mm |
WIRE |
20 % |
Z5U |
20 % |
2.54 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
KEMET Corporation |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.1 uF |
50 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
10 Cel |
-56/+22% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
5.84 mm |
3.18 mm |
Yes |
TR, 12 INCH |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
5.08 mm |
WIRE |
20 % |
Z5U |
20 % |
2.54 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
KEMET Corporation |
FILM CAPACITOR |
STUD MOUNT |
20 uF |
850 V |
85 Cel |
POLYPROPYLENE |
-40 Cel |
CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE |
65 mm |
BULK |
2 |
Screw Ends |
450 V |
101 mm |
THREADED STUD |
5 % |
EN 61071; IEC 071; VDE 0560 |
5 % |
22.3 mm |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Yageo |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.22 uF |
10 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
.3 mm |
.3 mm |
Yes |
TR, PAPER, 7 INCH |
0201 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
.6 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X5R |
10 % |
||||||||||||||
|
Yageo |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.047 uF |
50 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-30 Cel |
-82/+22% |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
.8 mm |
.8 mm |
Yes |
TR, Paper, 7 Inch |
0603 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
1.6 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
20 % |
Y5V |
20 % |
|||||||||||||||
|
Yageo |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
100 uF |
6.3 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Yes |
TR, BLISTER, 7 INCH |
0805 |
e3 |
2 |
WRAPAROUND |
20 % |
X5R |
20 % |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Yageo |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
2.2 uF |
16 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-30 Cel |
-82/+22% |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
1.15 mm |
1.6 mm |
Yes |
TR, BLISTER, 7 INCH |
1206 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
3.2 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
80 % |
Y5V |
20 % |
||||||||||||||
|
TDK |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.22 uF |
50 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
.8 mm |
.8 mm |
Yes |
TR, 7 INCH |
0603 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
1.6 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X5R |
AEC-Q200 |
10 % |
|||||||||||||
|
Cornell Dubilier Electronics |
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR |
CHASSIS MOUNT |
50000 uF |
16 V |
85 Cel |
ALUMINUM (WET) |
-40 Cel |
5.3666 |
CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE |
POLARIZED |
11700 |
50.8 mm |
11 |
2 |
Screw Ends |
79.375 mm |
BINDING POST |
75 % |
10 % |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Samsung Electro-mechanics |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.1 uF |
10 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
.3 mm |
.3 mm |
Yes |
TR, CARDBOARD PAPER, 13 INCH |
0201 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
.6 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X5R |
10 % |
||||||||||||||
|
Samsung Electro-mechanics |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
1 uF |
6.3 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
.3 mm |
.3 mm |
Yes |
TR, CARDBOARD PAPER, 7 INCH |
0201 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
.6 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
20 % |
X5R |
20 % |
||||||||||||||
|
Samsung Electro-mechanics |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.47 uF |
6.3 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Yes |
TR, CARDBOARD PAPER, 7 INCH |
0201 |
e3 |
2 |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X5R |
10 % |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Samsung Electro-mechanics |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.1 uF |
25 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
.8 mm |
.8 mm |
Yes |
TR, CARDBOARD PAPER, 7 INCH |
0603 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
1.6 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X5R |
10 % |
||||||||||||||
|
Samsung Electro-mechanics |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
10 uF |
6.3 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
1.25 mm |
1.25 mm |
Yes |
TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH |
0805 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
2 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
20 % |
X5R |
20 % |
||||||||||||||
|
Samsung Electro-mechanics |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
2.2 uF |
50 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Yes |
TR, CARDBOARD, 7 INCH |
0805 |
e3 |
2 |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X5R |
10 % |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Samsung Electro-mechanics |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
10 uF |
35 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Yes |
TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH |
1210 |
e3 |
2 |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X5R |
10 % |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Murata Manufacturing |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.0022 uF |
1000 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-25 Cel |
-80/+30% |
DISK PACKAGE |
4 mm |
4 mm |
6 mm |
No |
BULK |
2416 |
2 |
RADIAL |
6 mm |
WIRE |
80 % |
F |
20 % |
5 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Murata Manufacturing |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.00022 uF |
6300 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-25 Cel |
10% |
DISK PACKAGE |
7 mm |
7 mm |
9 mm |
No |
BULK |
3528 |
2 |
RADIAL |
9 mm |
WIRE |
10 % |
B |
10 % |
10 mm |
Fixed capacitors are electronic components that have a fixed capacitance value that cannot be changed. They are used in electronic circuits to provide a specific capacitance value for a given application.
Fixed capacitors are made using a variety of dielectric materials, including ceramic, tantalum, aluminum electrolytic, polyester, and polypropylene. The choice of dielectric material depends on the specific requirements of the application, such as operating voltage, temperature range, and stability.
Fixed capacitors are available in a variety of shapes and sizes, such as through-hole, surface mount, and leaded types. They can also be classified based on their operating voltage, tolerance, and temperature coefficient.
Some common applications of fixed capacitors include decoupling, filtering, timing, and coupling circuits. In decoupling circuits, fixed capacitors are used to filter out unwanted high-frequency noise and ensure stable power supply operation. In timing circuits, fixed capacitors are used to set the time constant and determine the frequency of oscillation.
One of the main advantages of fixed capacitors is their stable capacitance value, which does not change over time or with changes in operating conditions. This makes them suitable for applications that require consistent and predictable performance.