Part | RoHS | Manufacturer | Capacitor Type | Mounting Feature | Capacitance | Rated DC Voltage (URdc) | Maximum Operating Temperature | Dielectric Material | Tan Delta | Minimum Operating Temperature | Temperature Coef (ppm/Cel) | Terminal Finish | Leakage Current (mA) | Package Shape | Polarity | Manufacturer Series | Height | Width | Ripple Current (mA) | Diameter | Multi-layer | Equivalent Series Resistance / ESR (mohm ) | Additional Features | Packing Method | Size Code | JESD-609 Code | Series | No. of Terminals | Package Style (Meter) | Rated AC Voltage (URac) | Length | Terminal Shape | Positive Tolerance | Temperature Characteristics Code | Reference Standard | Negative Tolerance | Custom Capabilities | Terminal Pitch |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.1 uF |
250 V |
105 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-55 Cel |
Tin (Sn) |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
11 mm |
6 mm |
AMMO PACK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
160 V |
7.2 mm |
WIRE |
10 % |
AEC-Q200, IEC60384-2 |
10 % |
5.08 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.022 uF |
250 V |
105 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-55 Cel |
Tin (Sn) |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
8 mm |
3.5 mm |
AMMO PACK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
160 V |
7.2 mm |
WIRE |
10 % |
AEC-Q200, IEC60384-2 |
10 % |
5.08 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.0047 uF |
250 V |
105 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-55 Cel |
Tin (Sn) |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
6.5 mm |
2.5 mm |
AMMO PACK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
160 V |
7.2 mm |
WIRE |
5 % |
AEC-Q200, IEC60384-2 |
5 % |
5.08 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Panasonic |
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
4.7 uF |
250 V |
105 Cel |
ALUMINUM (WET) |
0.15 |
-25 Cel |
TIN |
0.0805 |
CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE |
POLARIZED |
50 |
8 mm |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
11.5 mm |
WIRE |
20 % |
20 % |
3.5 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.01 uF |
250 V |
105 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-55 Cel |
Matte Tin (Sn) |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
6.5 mm |
2.5 mm |
AMMO PACK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
160 V |
7.2 mm |
WIRE |
10 % |
AEC-Q200, IEC60384-2 |
10 % |
5.08 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.015 uF |
250 V |
85 Cel |
POLYPROPYLENE |
-55 Cel |
Tin (Sn) |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
25 V |
WIRE |
2 % |
2 % |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.0047 uF |
250 V |
105 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-55 Cel |
Tin (Sn) |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
6.5 mm |
2.5 mm |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
160 V |
7.2 mm |
WIRE |
5 % |
AEC-Q200, IEC60384-2 |
5 % |
5.08 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.022 uF |
250 V |
105 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-55 Cel |
Tin (Sn) |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
8 mm |
3.5 mm |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
160 V |
7.2 mm |
WIRE |
5 % |
AEC-Q200, IEC60384-2 |
5 % |
5.08 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.0039 uF |
250 V |
105 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-55 Cel |
Tin (Sn) |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
6.5 mm |
2.5 mm |
AMMO PACK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
160 V |
7.2 mm |
WIRE |
5 % |
AEC-Q200, IEC60384-2 |
5 % |
5.08 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.0056 uF |
250 V |
105 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-55 Cel |
Tin (Sn) |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
6.5 mm |
2.5 mm |
AMMO PACK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
160 V |
7.2 mm |
WIRE |
5 % |
AEC-Q200, IEC60384-2 |
5 % |
5.08 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.047 uF |
250 V |
105 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-55 Cel |
Tin (Sn) |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
9 mm |
4.5 mm |
AMMO PACK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
160 V |
7.2 mm |
WIRE |
5 % |
AEC-Q200, IEC60384-2 |
5 % |
5.08 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.012 uF |
250 V |
85 Cel |
POLYPROPYLENE |
-55 Cel |
Tin (Sn) |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
25 V |
WIRE |
2 % |
2 % |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
KEMET Corporation |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
1 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
1.5 mm |
6.4 mm |
Yes |
TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH |
1825 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
4.5 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X7R |
10 % |
||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.1 uF |
250 V |
105 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-55 Cel |
Tin (Sn) |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
13.7 mm |
4.7 mm |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
160 V |
12.5 mm |
WIRE |
10 % |
10 % |
10 mm |
||||||||||||||||
|
Panasonic |
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
150 uF |
250 V |
105 Cel |
ALUMINUM (WET) |
0.15 |
-25 Cel |
TIN |
2.26 |
CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE |
POLARIZED |
808.5 |
18 mm |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
31.5 mm |
WIRE |
20 % |
20 % |
7.5 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Murata Manufacturing |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
1 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
2 mm |
5 mm |
Yes |
TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH |
2220 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
5.7 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X7R |
10 % |
||||||||||||||
|
Cornell Dubilier Electronics |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
6.8 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-55 Cel |
TIN |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
22.5 mm |
13.5 mm |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
31 mm |
WIRE |
10 % |
10 % |
27.5 mm |
||||||||||||||||||
|
KEMET Corporation |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
1 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
1.5 mm |
6.4 mm |
Yes |
TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH |
1825 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
4.5 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X7R |
AEC-Q200 |
10 % |
|||||||||||||
|
KEMET Corporation |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
1 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
1.5 mm |
6.4 mm |
Yes |
BULK |
1825 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
4.5 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X7R |
10 % |
||||||||||||||
|
KEMET Corporation |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.47 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
1.7 mm |
3.2 mm |
Yes |
TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH |
1812 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
4.5 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X7R |
AEC-Q200 |
10 % |
|||||||||||||
|
Cornell Dubilier Electronics |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.001 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-55 Cel |
TIN |
TUBULAR PACKAGE |
4.7 mm |
TR |
e3 |
2 |
Axial |
10.3 mm |
WIRE |
10 % |
10 % |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.082 uF |
250 V |
105 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-55 Cel |
Tin (Sn) |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
11 mm |
6 mm |
AMMO PACK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
160 V |
7.2 mm |
WIRE |
5 % |
AEC-Q200, IEC60384-2 |
5 % |
5.08 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Taiyo Yuden |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.01 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
CERAMIC |
0.025 |
-55 Cel |
15% |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
1.25 mm |
1.25 mm |
Yes |
TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH |
0805 |
2 |
SMT |
2 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X7R |
10 % |
|||||||||||||||
|
Panasonic |
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
100 uF |
250 V |
105 Cel |
ALUMINUM (WET) |
0.15 |
-25 Cel |
TIN |
1.51 |
CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE |
POLARIZED |
675 |
16 mm |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
31.5 mm |
WIRE |
20 % |
20 % |
7.5 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
KEMET Corporation |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.47 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
1.1 mm |
5 mm |
Yes |
TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH |
2220 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
5.7 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X7R |
10 % |
||||||||||||||
|
TDK |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.022 uF |
250 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-25 Cel |
60ppm/Cel |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
1.6 mm |
2.5 mm |
Yes |
TR, 7 Inch |
1210 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
3.2 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
CH |
10 % |
|||||||||||||||
|
TDK |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
1 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
2.3 mm |
5 mm |
Yes |
TR, 7 Inch |
2220 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
5.7 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X7R |
10 % |
||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.47 uF |
250 V |
85 Cel |
POLYPROPYLENE |
-55 Cel |
Tin (Sn) |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
25 V |
WIRE |
2 % |
2 % |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
TDK |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
1 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE |
-55 Cel |
TIN COPPER |
9.3 mm |
7 mm |
No |
Bulk |
e2 |
2 |
Radial |
160 V |
16.5 mm |
WIRE |
10 % |
IEC60384-2 |
10 % |
15 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Wima & Kg |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
1 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE |
-55 Cel |
TIN |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
15 mm |
6 mm |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
160 V |
26.5 mm |
WIRE |
10 % |
AEC-Q200 |
10 % |
22.5 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
TDK |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.33 uF |
250 V |
85 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-25 Cel |
10% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
2.3 mm |
3.2 mm |
Yes |
TR, 7 Inch |
1812 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
4.5 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
20 % |
JB |
20 % |
||||||||||||||
|
TDK |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.1 uF |
250 V |
150 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
30ppm/Cel |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
3.2 mm |
3.2 mm |
Yes |
TR, 7 INCH |
1812 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
4.5 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
5 % |
C0G |
5 % |
|||||||||||||||
|
Murata Manufacturing |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.1 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
1.6 mm |
1.6 mm |
Yes |
TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH |
1206 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
3.2 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X7R |
10 % |
||||||||||||||
|
Panasonic |
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
22 uF |
250 V |
85 Cel |
ALUMINUM (WET) |
0.18 |
-25 Cel |
TIN |
0.34 |
CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE |
POLARIZED |
180 |
10 mm |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
20 mm |
WIRE |
20 % |
20 % |
5 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Panasonic |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
1 uF |
250 V |
105 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-40 Cel |
TIN |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
15 mm |
7.4 mm |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
18.5 mm |
WIRE |
10 % |
10 % |
15 mm |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Cornell Dubilier Electronics |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
2.2 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-55 Cel |
TIN |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
17 mm |
9 mm |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
26 mm |
WIRE |
10 % |
10 % |
22.5 mm |
||||||||||||||||||
|
KEMET Corporation |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.1 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
1.25 mm |
1.6 mm |
Yes |
TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH |
1206 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
3.2 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X7R |
10 % |
||||||||||||||
|
KEMET Corporation |
ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
4.7 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
ALUMINUM (SOLID POLYMER) |
0.12 |
-55 Cel |
0.176 |
CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE |
POLARIZED |
10.5 |
8 mm |
496 |
ESR IS MEASURED AT 100 KHZ |
BULK |
2 |
Radial |
12 mm |
WIRE |
20 % |
20 % |
3.5 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.033 uF |
250 V |
105 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-55 Cel |
Tin (Sn) |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
8 mm |
3.5 mm |
AMMO PACK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
160 V |
7.2 mm |
WIRE |
10 % |
AEC-Q200, IEC60384-2 |
10 % |
5.08 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
KEMET Corporation |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
1 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
1.5 mm |
5 mm |
Yes |
TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH |
2220 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
5.7 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X7R |
10 % |
||||||||||||||
|
KEMET Corporation |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
30 uF |
250 V |
85 Cel |
POLYPROPYLENE |
-40 Cel |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
45 mm |
30 mm |
RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 160 |
BULK |
2 |
RADIAL |
160 V |
31.5 mm |
WIRE |
5 % |
5 % |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.22 uF |
250 V |
85 Cel |
POLYESTER |
-55 Cel |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
11 mm |
5 mm |
.6 mm |
BULK |
e3 |
2 |
Radial |
160 V |
17.5 mm |
WIRE |
10 % |
IEC60384-2 |
10 % |
15 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FILM CAPACITOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.0027 uF |
250 V |
85 Cel |
POLYPROPYLENE |
-55 Cel |
Matte Tin (Sn) |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
KP374 |
14.5 mm |
5 mm |
RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 125 |
AMMO PACK |
4320 |
e3 |
KP 374 |
2 |
Radial |
125 V |
11 mm |
WIRE |
10 % |
10 % |
5 mm |
||||||||||||
|
TDK |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
1 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
22/-33% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
2.5 mm |
3.2 mm |
Yes |
TR, 7 INCH |
1812 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
4.5 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X7T |
AEC-Q200 |
10 % |
|||||||||||||
|
TDK |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
2.2 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
-33/+22% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
2.5 mm |
5 mm |
Yes |
TR, 7 Inch |
2220 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
5.7 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X7T |
10 % |
||||||||||||||
|
KEMET Corporation |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.0000023 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
30ppm/Cel |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
.85 mm |
1.25 mm |
Yes |
TR, PUNCHED PAPER, 7 INCH |
0805 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
2 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10.8696 % |
C0G |
10.8696 % |
|||||||||||||||
|
Murata Manufacturing |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.0033 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
15% |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
1 mm |
1.25 mm |
Yes |
TR, PAPER, 7 INCH |
0805 |
2 |
SMT |
2 mm |
WRAPAROUND |
10 % |
X7R |
10 % |
||||||||||||||||
|
TDK |
CERAMIC CAPACITOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
2.2 uF |
250 V |
125 Cel |
CERAMIC |
-55 Cel |
22/-33% |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
5 mm |
3.5 mm |
Yes |
TR, 13 INCH |
1812 |
e3 |
2 |
SMT |
5 mm |
J BEND |
20 % |
X7T |
20 % |
Fixed capacitors are electronic components that have a fixed capacitance value that cannot be changed. They are used in electronic circuits to provide a specific capacitance value for a given application.
Fixed capacitors are made using a variety of dielectric materials, including ceramic, tantalum, aluminum electrolytic, polyester, and polypropylene. The choice of dielectric material depends on the specific requirements of the application, such as operating voltage, temperature range, and stability.
Fixed capacitors are available in a variety of shapes and sizes, such as through-hole, surface mount, and leaded types. They can also be classified based on their operating voltage, tolerance, and temperature coefficient.
Some common applications of fixed capacitors include decoupling, filtering, timing, and coupling circuits. In decoupling circuits, fixed capacitors are used to filter out unwanted high-frequency noise and ensure stable power supply operation. In timing circuits, fixed capacitors are used to set the time constant and determine the frequency of oscillation.
One of the main advantages of fixed capacitors is their stable capacitance value, which does not change over time or with changes in operating conditions. This makes them suitable for applications that require consistent and predictable performance.