Part | RoHS | Manufacturer | Circuit Protection Type | Mounting Feature | Rated AC Voltage | Rated DC Voltage | Rated Current | Terminal Shape | Nominal Joule Integral | Minimum Operating Temperature | Terminal Finish | Rated Breaking Capacity | Manufacturer Series | Trip Time/Delay | Additional Features | Pre Arcing Rating (A2/s) | Packing Method | Body Length/Diameter | Body Width | Fuse Class | JESD-609 Code | Rated Voltage | Resistance | Minimum Pre Arcing Time | Fuse Size | Built-in Features | Dimensions | Body Height | Reference Standard | Maximum Operating Temperature | Blow Characteristic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
7 A |
Pin Wire |
40 J |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
100 A |
0.189 in (4.8 mm) |
350 V |
2AG |
0.189 x 0.587 in (4.8 x 14.9 mm) |
0.587 in (14.9 mm) |
CE, PSE, UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Fast |
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Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
32 V |
32 V |
15 A |
Pin Wire |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
50 A |
276 |
Rated Breaking Capacity at 32 VDC: 300 A |
0.093 in (2.36 mm) |
0.093 x 0.28 in (2.36 x 7.11 mm) |
0.28 in (7.11 mm) |
CSA; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Very Fast |
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Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
4 A |
Pin Wire |
330 J |
150 A |
219A |
0.228 in (5.8 mm) |
0.228 x 0.886 in (5.8 x 22.5 mm) |
0.886 in (22.5 mm) |
BSI; CCC; CSA; IEC; KTL; METI; PSE; SEMKO; UL; VDE |
Time Lag |
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|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
800 mA |
Pin Wire |
285 mJ |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Tin |
1.2 kA |
Tape And Reel |
0.236 in (6 mm) |
e3 |
0.236 x 0.886 in (6 x 22.5 mm) |
0.886 in (22.5 mm) |
CCC; CE; CSA; SEMKO; UL; VDE |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Fast |
|||||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
5 A |
Pin Wire |
5.55 J |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Pure Tin |
50 A |
Ammo Pack |
0.155 in (3.94 mm) |
0.155 x 0.28 in (3.94 x 7.11 mm) |
0.28 in (7.11 mm) |
CSA; PSE; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Very Fast |
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|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
125 V |
125 V |
4 A |
Pin Wire |
35 J |
-60 °C (-76 °F) |
Tin |
50 A |
2 ms |
Pre Arcing Time: Blow within 0.002 s at 800% Rated Current |
Bulk |
0.135 in (3.43 mm) |
e3 |
Pico |
0.28 in (7.11 mm) |
CSA; PSE; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Time Delay |
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|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Inline/Holder |
250 V |
40 mA |
Pin Wire |
80 μJ |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
35 A |
3 ms |
Tape And Reel |
0.22 in (5.6 mm) |
250 V |
0.197 x 0.787 in (5 x 20 mm) |
0.22 x 0.846 in (5.6 x 21.5 mm) |
0.846 in (21.5 mm) |
CCC; CE; CSA; SEMKO; UL; VDE |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Very Fast |
||||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
125 V |
160 mA |
Pin Wire |
58 mJ |
-40 °C (-40 °F) |
Matte Tin |
100 A |
396 |
Bulk |
0.335 in (8.5 mm) |
0.157 in (4 mm) |
e3 |
60 s |
0.335 x 0.157 x 0.315 in (8.5 x 4 x 8 mm) |
0.315 in (8 mm) |
CSA; UL |
85 °C (185 °F) |
Time Lag |
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|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
1 A |
Pin Wire |
125 mJ |
-40 °C (-40 °F) |
Tin |
50 A |
5 s |
Bulk |
0.335 in (8.5 mm) |
e3 |
250 V |
TR5 |
0.335 x 0.315 in (8.5 x 8 mm) |
0.315 in (8 mm) |
CSA; CUL; UL |
85 °C (185 °F) |
Very Fast |
||||||||||
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
10 A |
Pin Wire |
260 J |
-40 °C (-40 °F) |
Tin |
100 A |
382 |
Ammo Pack; Tape And Reel |
0.335 in (8.5 mm) |
e3 |
20 ms |
0.335 x 0.315 in (8.5 x 8 mm) |
0.315 in (8 mm) |
IEC; PSE; UL |
85 °C (185 °F) |
Time Lag |
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|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
125 V |
125 V |
125 mA |
Pin Wire |
1.74 mJ |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Tin |
50 A |
0253 |
Rated Breaking Capacity at 125 VDC: 300 A |
Ammo Pack |
0.103 in (2.61 mm) |
e3 |
0.103 x 0.28 in (2.61 x 7.11 mm) |
0.28 in (7.11 mm) |
CSA; QPL; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Very Fast |
||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
125 V |
125 V |
630 mA |
Pin Wire |
94 mJ |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Pure Tin |
50 A |
Rated Breaking Capacity at 125 VDC: 300 A, Pre Arcing Time: Open within 1000 ms at 200% Rated Current |
Ammo Pack |
0.11 in (2.8 mm) |
0.11 x 0.28 in (2.8 x 7.11 mm) |
0.28 in (7.11 mm) |
CSA; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Very Fast |
||||||||||||
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
1 A |
Pin Wire |
9.5 J |
-25 °C (-13 °F) |
35 A |
Tape And Reel |
0.213 in (5.4 mm) |
5 s |
0.197 x 0.787 in (5 x 20 mm) |
0.827 in (21 mm) |
CSA; UL |
70 °C (158 °F) |
Time Delay |
|||||||||||||||
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
1.25 A |
Pin Wire |
15 J |
-25 °C (-13 °F) |
100 A |
Bulk |
0.213 in (5.4 mm) |
5 s |
0.197 x 0.787 in (5 x 20 mm) |
0.827 in (21 mm) |
CSA; UL |
70 °C (158 °F) |
Time Delay |
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|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
125 V |
125 V |
2.5 A |
Pin Wire |
721 mJ |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Matte Tin |
50 A |
Rated Breaking Capacity at 125 VDC: 300 A |
Ammo Pack |
0.11 in (2.8 mm) |
e3 |
0.11 x 0.28 in (2.8 x 7.11 mm) |
0.28 in (7.11 mm) |
CSA; PSE; TUV; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Very Fast |
|||||||||||
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
1.6 A |
Pin Wire |
18.2 J |
Tin Lead |
35 A |
0.154 in (3.9 mm) |
e0 |
0.154 x 0.433 in (3.9 x 11 mm) |
0.433 in (11 mm) |
CCC; CSA; IEC; UL; VDE |
Slow |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
125 V |
1.25 A |
Pin Wire |
9.8 J |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Matte Tin |
100 A |
Rated Breaking Capacity at 125 VDC: 10000 A |
Tape And Reel |
0.185 in (4.7 mm) |
e3 |
0.185 x 0.57 in (4.7 x 14.48 mm) |
0.57 in (14.48 mm) |
CE; CSA; PSE; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Time Lag |
|||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
125 V |
125 V |
500 mA |
Pin Wire |
59.8 mJ |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Tin |
50 A |
4 ms |
Pre-Arcing Time: Open within 4 ms at 1000% Rated Current |
Bulk |
0.11 in (2.8 mm) |
e3 |
Pico |
0.11 x 0.28 in (2.8 x 7.11 mm) |
0.28 in (7.11 mm) |
CCC; CSA; CUL; TUV; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Very Fast |
|||||||||
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
8 A |
Pin Wire |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Tin |
10 kA |
Bulk |
1.273 in (32.34 mm) |
e3 |
1.273 x 0.275 in (32.34 x 6.98 mm) |
0.275 in (6.98 mm) |
CE; CSA; KC; PSE; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Time Lag |
|||||||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
50 mA |
Pin Wire |
190 μJ |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Tin |
1.2 kA |
Bulk |
0.236 in (6 mm) |
e3 |
0.236 x 0.886 in (6 x 22.5 mm) |
0.886 in (22.5 mm) |
CCC; CE; CSA; SEMKO; UL; VDE |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Fast |
|||||||||||||
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
125 V |
125 V |
500 mA |
Pin Wire |
59.8 mJ |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Tin |
50 A |
4 ms |
Rated Breaking Capacity at 125 VDC: 300 A, Pre Arcing Time: Open within 4 ms at 1000% Rated Current |
Bulk |
0.11 in (2.8 mm) |
e3 |
Pico |
0.11 x 0.28 in (2.8 x 7.11 mm) |
0.28 in (7.11 mm) |
CCC; CSA; QPL; TUV; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Very Fast |
||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
125 V |
10 A |
Pin Wire |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Gold |
50 A |
3 s |
Rated Breaking Capacity at 125 VDC: 300 A |
Bulk |
0.093 in (2.36 mm) |
e4 |
Pico |
0.093 x 0.28 in (2.36 x 7.11 mm) |
0.28 in (7.11 mm) |
CSA; QPL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Very Fast |
|||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
125 V |
2 A |
Pin Wire |
30 J |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Matte Tin |
100 A |
Rated Breaking Capacity at 125 VDC: 10000 A |
Bulk |
0.185 in (4.7 mm) |
e3 |
0.185 x 0.57 in (4.7 x 14.48 mm) |
0.57 in (14.48 mm) |
CE; CSA; PSE; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Time Lag |
|||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
32 V |
32 V |
12 A |
Pin Wire |
45.2 J |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Matte Tin |
50 A |
251 |
Rated Breaking Capacity at 32 VDC: 300 A |
Tape And Reel |
0.11 in (2.8 mm) |
e3 |
0.11 x 0.28 in (2.8 x 7.11 mm) |
0.28 in (7.11 mm) |
CSA; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Very Fast |
||||||||||
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
4 A |
Pin Wire |
8.96 J |
Tin Lead |
50 A |
4 h |
8.9 |
Tape And Reel |
0.154 in (3.9 mm) |
e0 |
250 V |
0.154 x 0.433 in (3.9 x 11 mm) |
0.433 in (11 mm) |
CSA; UL |
Fast |
|||||||||||||
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
750 mA |
Pin Wire |
1.05 J |
Tin Lead |
35 A |
289 |
0.177 in (4.5 mm) |
e0 |
0.177 x 0.57 in (4.5 x 14.48 mm) |
0.57 in (14.48 mm) |
CSA; MIL; PSE; UL |
Fast |
||||||||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
125 V |
3.5 A |
Pin Wire |
110 J |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Tin |
100 A |
4 h |
Rated Breaking Capacity at 125 VDC: 10000 A |
110 |
Bulk |
0.185 in (4.7 mm) |
e3 |
250 V |
2AG |
Indicator |
0.185 x 0.57 in (4.7 x 14.48 mm) |
0.57 in (14.48 mm) |
CE; CSA; PSE; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Time Lag |
||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
125 V |
125 V |
5 A |
Pin Wire |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Pure Tin |
50 A |
300 ms |
Pre-Arcing Time: Open within 0.3 s at 300% Rated Current |
Tape And Reel |
0.11 in (2.8 mm) |
125 V |
Pico |
0.11 x 0.28 in (2.8 x 7.11 mm) |
0.28 in (7.11 mm) |
CSA; PSE; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Very Fast |
||||||||||
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
125 V |
125 V |
4 A |
Pin Wire |
3.2 J |
-25 °C (-13 °F) |
50 A |
Rated Breaking Capacity at 125 VDC: 300 A |
Bulk |
0.094 in (2.4 mm) |
5 s |
Pico |
0.283 in (7.2 mm) |
CUL; UL |
70 °C (158 °F) |
Very Fast |
|||||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
2.5 A |
Pin Wire |
35 J |
-40 °C (-40 °F) |
Matte Tin |
35 A |
Bulk |
0.335 in (8.5 mm) |
e3 |
0.335 x 0.315 in (8.5 x 8 mm) |
0.315 in (8 mm) |
CCC; KTL; PSE; SEMKO; UL; VDE |
85 °C (185 °F) |
Time Lag |
|||||||||||||
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
5 A |
Pin Wire |
66.095 J |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
1.5 kA |
66.095 |
0.217 in (5.5 mm) |
250 V |
0.197 x 0.787 in (5 x 20 mm) |
0.217 x 0.846 in (5.5 x 21.5 mm) |
0.846 in (21.5 mm) |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Time Lag |
|||||||||||||||
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
125 mA |
Pin Wire |
66 mJ |
-25 °C (-13 °F) |
35 A |
Bulk |
0.213 in (5.4 mm) |
5 s |
0.197 x 0.787 in (5 x 20 mm) |
0.827 in (21 mm) |
CSA; UL |
70 °C (158 °F) |
Time Delay |
|||||||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
125 V |
2.5 A |
Pin Wire |
50 J |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Matte Tin |
100 A |
Rated Breaking Capacity at 125 VDC: 10000 A |
Bulk |
0.185 in (4.7 mm) |
e3 |
0.185 x 0.57 in (4.7 x 14.48 mm) |
0.57 in (14.48 mm) |
CE; CSA; PSE; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Time Lag |
|||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
32 V |
32 V |
15 A |
Pin Wire |
68.8 J |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Matte Tin |
50 A |
251 |
Rated Breaking Capacity at 32 VDC: 300 A |
Tape And Reel |
0.11 in (2.8 mm) |
e3 |
0.11 x 0.28 in (2.8 x 7.11 mm) |
0.28 in (7.11 mm) |
CSA; QPL; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Very Fast |
||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
125 V |
125 V |
500 mA |
Pin Wire |
210 mJ |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Pure Tin |
50 A |
Bulk |
0.135 in (3.43 mm) |
0.135 x 0.28 in (3.43 x 7.11 mm) |
0.28 in (7.11 mm) |
CSA; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Time Lag |
|||||||||||||
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Inline/Holder |
600 V |
Pin Wire |
200 kA |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
60 V |
4 A |
Pin Wire |
29.165 J |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
40 A |
10 ms |
Rated Breaking Capacity at 60 VDC: 70 A, Pre Arcing Time: Open within 10 ms at 400% Rated Current |
Bulk |
0.217 in (5.5 mm) |
250 V |
0.197 x 0.787 in (5 x 20 mm) |
0.846 in (21.5 mm) |
CCC; CE; CSA; CUL; KC; PSE; SEMKO; SEV; UL; VDE |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Fast |
|||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
630 mA |
Pin Wire |
4.675 J |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Tin |
35 A |
Bulk |
0.228 in (5.8 mm) |
e3 |
0.228 x 0.886 in (5.8 x 22.5 mm) |
0.886 in (22.5 mm) |
CCC; CE; CSA; IEC; KC; SEMKO; UL; VDE |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Time Lag |
|||||||||||||
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
2 A |
Pin Wire |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
100 A |
4 h |
2.6 |
0.787 in (20 mm) |
Supplemental |
250 V |
60.3 mΩ |
0.197 x 0.787 in (5 x 20 mm) |
0.787 in (20 mm) |
CE; CSA; PSE; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Fast |
|||||||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
32 V |
170 A |
Pin Wire |
248 kJ |
-40 °C (-40 °F) |
Tin |
2 kA |
100 ms |
e3 |
1.386 x 0.64 x 0.703 in (35.2 x 16.25 x 17.85 mm) |
125 °C (257 °F) |
|||||||||||||||||
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
125 V |
125 V |
7 A |
Pin Wire |
10.4 J |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Tin |
50 A |
Rated Breaking Capacity at 125 VDC: 300 A, Pre Arcing Time: Open within 4 ms at 1000% Rated Current |
Tape And Reel |
0.11 in (2.8 mm) |
e3 |
0.11 x 0.28 in (2.8 x 7.11 mm) |
0.28 in (7.11 mm) |
CSA; QPL; TUV; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Very Fast |
||||||||||||
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
125 V |
125 V |
1.5 A |
Pin Wire |
587 mJ |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Tin |
50 A |
Rated Breaking Capacity at 125 VDC: 300 A, Pre Arcing Time: Open within 1000 ms at 200% Rated Current |
Bulk |
0.11 in (2.8 mm) |
e3 |
0.11 x 0.28 in (2.8 x 7.11 mm) |
0.28 in (7.11 mm) |
CSA; PSE; QPL; TUV; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Very Fast |
||||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
32 V |
15 A |
Pin Wire |
490.5 J |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Tin |
300 A |
318 |
Bulk |
0.275 in (6.99 mm) |
e3 |
0.275 x 1.288 in (6.99 x 32.72 mm) |
1.288 in (32.72 mm) |
CE; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Fast |
||||||||||||
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
250 V |
315 mA |
Pin Wire |
104 mJ |
-40 °C (-40 °F) |
Tin |
35 A |
662 |
Rated Breaking Capacity at 250 VDC: 35 A |
Bulk |
0.335 in (8.5 mm) |
e3 |
0.335 x 0.333 in (8.5 x 8.45 mm) |
0.333 in (8.45 mm) |
CCC; KTL; PSE; UL; VDE |
85 °C (185 °F) |
Fast |
|||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
125 V |
750 mA |
Pin Wire |
2.95 J |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Matte Tin |
35 A |
Rated Breaking Capacity at 125 VDC: 10000 A |
Tape And Reel |
0.185 in (4.7 mm) |
e3 |
0.185 x 0.57 in (4.7 x 14.48 mm) |
0.57 in (14.48 mm) |
CE; CSA; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Time Lag |
|||||||||||
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
6.3 A |
Pin Wire |
19.2 J |
Tin Lead |
50 A |
4 h |
19.2 |
Tape And Reel |
0.154 in (3.9 mm) |
e0 |
250 V |
0.154 x 0.433 in (3.9 x 11 mm) |
0.433 in (11 mm) |
CSA; UL |
Fast |
|||||||||||||
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
250 mA |
Pin Wire |
320 mJ |
-25 °C (-13 °F) |
35 A |
Tape And Reel |
0.213 in (5.4 mm) |
20 ms |
0.197 x 0.787 in (5 x 20 mm) |
0.827 in (21 mm) |
BSI; CCCE; CUL; IMQ; SEMKO; UL; VDE |
70 °C (158 °F) |
Time Lag |
|||||||||||||||
|
Littelfuse |
Electric Fuse |
Through Hole Mount |
250 V |
250 mA |
Pin Wire |
216 mJ |
-55 °C (-67 °F) |
Tin |
35 A |
0.185 in (4.7 mm) |
e3 |
0.185 x 0.57 in (4.7 x 14.48 mm) |
0.57 in (14.48 mm) |
CE; CSA; GR; PSE; TIA; UL |
125 °C (257 °F) |
Slow |
A fuse is an electrical safety device that is designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overcurrent. Fuses are commonly used in residential, commercial, and industrial electrical systems, and they are an important safety device that helps prevent electrical fires, equipment damage, and personal injury.
A fuse typically consists of a metal wire or filament that is enclosed in a fuse body, which is designed to protect the wire from damage. The fuse is connected in series with the electrical circuit, and when the current flowing through the circuit exceeds a preset level, the wire in the fuse will melt or blow, which opens the circuit and prevents further damage to the electrical system.
Fuses are available in a variety of types and sizes, and they can be classified based on their current rating, voltage rating, and speed of operation. Some common types of fuses include cartridge fuses, blade fuses, and plug fuses.
In addition to protecting electrical systems from overcurrent, fuses can also be used to protect electrical equipment and machinery from damage caused by short circuits or other types of electrical faults. They are a cost-effective and reliable method of electrical protection, and they are widely used in a variety of electrical applications.