FEMALE Other Function Interconnects 183

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Connector Type Option Reliability Contact Gender Dielectric Withstanding Voltage (V) No. of Connectors Panel Mount Mating Contact Pitch (inch) Body Length Body Diameter Insulation Resistance Mixed Contacts Audio Type EMI Shielded Filter Feature Body Width Termination Contact Finish Body Depth MIL Conformity Coupling Type Insulator Material No. of Rows Loaded Maximum Operating Temperature (Cel) DIN Conformance Board Mounting Option PCB Contact Row Spacing (mm) Contact Design IEC Conformity Minimum Operating Temperature Empty Shell Shell Finish Plating Thickness (inch) No. of Ports Adapter Style No. of PCB Rows Contact Material UL Flammability Code Mating Contact Finish Polarization Key Additional Features Rated Current - Signal Voltage Standing Wave Ratio Reference Standard Insulator Color Total No. of Contacts Backshell Type Contact Arrangement Minimum Wire Size Durability Mating Contact Row Spacing (inch) Mounting Type Maximum Wire Size Characteristic Impedance Sub-Category Shell Material Terminal Pitch (mm) Cable Types PCB Contact Pattern Mains Connector Rating Termination Type Minimum Withdrawal Force (N) Manufacturer Series Contact Resistance Body or Shell Style Mounting Style Contact Style JESD-609 Code Maximum Insertion Force (N) Mounting Option-2 Terminal Length Mounting Option-1 Maximum Operating Frequency No. of Poles Contact Pattern

SNT-100-YW-T

Samtec

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.1

.2 inch

.1 inch

Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.24 inch

POLYBUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE

1

125

-55 Cel

PHOSPHOR BRONZE

SN

2.5 A

UL

YELLOW

2

Other Interconnects

.5282

5 mohm

PLUG

STRAIGHT

e3

8.896

RECTANGULAR

SNT-100-YW-T-H

Samtec

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.1

.2 inch

.1 inch

Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.565 inch

GLASS FILLED POLYESTER

1

125

-55 Cel

PHOSPHOR BRONZE

SN

2.5 A

YELLOW

2

Other Interconnects

7.5616

5 mohm

PLUG

STRAIGHT

SQ PIN-SKT

e3

8.896

RECTANGULAR

1-5050871-9

TE Connectivity

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

GENERAL PURPOSE

FEMALE

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

125

NO

NO

-65 Cel

YES

30u

1

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

7.5 A

16 AWG

BOARD

14 AWG

DISCRETE

7.5A

PRESS FIT

1-5380758-0

TE Connectivity

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

GENERAL PURPOSE

FEMALE

NO

NO

NO

NO

Tin (Sn)

NO

126

NO

NO

-65 Cel

YES

1

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

4 A

20 AWG

BOARD

16 AWG

DISCRETE

4A

PRESS FIT

e3

2-5050871-3

TE Connectivity

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

GENERAL PURPOSE

FEMALE

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

125

NO

NO

-65 Cel

YES

30u

1

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

7.5 A

16 AWG

BOARD

14 AWG

DISCRETE

7.5A

PRESS FIT

380635-1

TE Connectivity

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

GENERAL PURPOSE

FEMALE

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

126

NO

NO

-65 Cel

YES

30u

1

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

7.5 A

25 AWG

BOARD

19 AWG

DISCRETE

7.5A

PRESS FIT

5645500-1

TE Connectivity

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

GENERAL PURPOSE

FEMALE

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

125

NO

NO

-65 Cel

YES

30u

1

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

6.5 A

BOARD

19 AWG

DISCRETE

6.5A

PRESS FIT

AKSCT/GBLACK

Assmann Wsw Components

SHUNTS / JUMPER CONNECTOR

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.1

.197 inch

.096 inch

.256 inch

1

FLASH

AU

POLARIZED HOUSING

WITH CLOSED HOUSING

UL

BLACK

2

Other Interconnects

PLUG

STRAIGHT

SQ PIN-SKT

LOCKING

RECTANGULAR

M22-1900046

Harwin Plc

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.079

.157 inch

1000000000 ohm

.077 inch

Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.138 inch

GLASS FILLED POLYESTER

1

85

-40 Cel

118u

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

POLARIZED HOUSING

2 A

UL

BLACK

2

50 Cycles

Other Interconnects

25 mohm

STRAIGHT

e3

LOCKING

RECTANGULAR

M50-1930005

Harwin Plc

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

500VAC

ONE

0.05

.098 inch

1000000000 ohm

.059 inch

.118 inch

POLYAMIDE

1

105

-40 Cel

FLASH

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

1 A

UL

BLUE

2

300 Cycles

Other Interconnects

20 mohm

PLUG

STRAIGHT

RECTANGULAR

142270-3

TE Connectivity

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

GENERAL PURPOSE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

NO

0.1

.2 inch

1000000000 ohm

NO

NO

NO

.1 inch

.248 inch

NO

GLASS FILLED POLYBUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE

1

85

NO

NO

-40 Cel

YES

118.1u

1

NOT APPLICABLE

94V-0

NOT APPLICABLE

3 A

CSA, UL

BLACK

2

BOARD

Other Interconnects

2.54

3A

SOLDER

PLUG

STRAIGHT

SQ PIN-SKT

RECTANGULAR

1683002

Phoenix Contact

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

WITH CABLE ASSEMBLY

FEMALE

.583 inch

NO

NO

1.732 inch

THREADED

80

-40 Cel

NO

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

STANDARD: UL 94-HB

CUL; EAC

4

SOLID

CABLE

SOCKET

1694826

Phoenix Contact

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

WITH CABLE ASSEMBLY

FEMALE

.583 inch

NO

NO

1.752 inch

THREADED

90

-25 Cel

NO

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

STANDARD: UL 94-HB

CUL; EAC

4

SOLID

CABLE

SOCKET

2-382811-0

TE Connectivity

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

GENERAL PURPOSE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

NO

0.1

2.498 inch

1000000000 ohm

NO

NO

NO

.2 inch

.25 inch

NO

GLASS FILLED POLYESTER

1

105

NO

NO

-65 Cel

YES

30u

1

NOT APPLICABLE

94V-0

NOT APPLICABLE

GLASS FILLED THERMOPLASTIC, 94V-0

3 A

CSA, UL

BLACK

2

25 Cycles

BOARD

Other Interconnects

2.54

3A

SOLDER

15 mohm

PLUG

STRAIGHT

SQ PIN-SKT

RECTANGULAR

5645994-1

TE Connectivity

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

GENERAL PURPOSE

FEMALE

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

125

NO

NO

-65 Cel

YES

30u

1

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

5 A

22 AWG

BOARD

20 AWG

DISCRETE

5A

PRESS FIT

62200213421

Wurth Elektronik

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

650VAC

ONE

0.049

.098 inch

1000000000 ohm

.049 inch

.118 inch

POLYAMIDE

1

125

-40 Cel

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

POLARIZED HOUSING

ROHS COMPLIANT

1 A

UL

BLACK

2

Other Interconnects

30 mohm

PLUG

STRAIGHT

LOCKING

RECTANGULAR

63429-202LF

Amphenol Communications Solutions

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.1

.197 inch

50000000000 ohm

.098 inch

.236 inch

GLASS FILLED POLYESTER

1

120

-55 Cel

30u

COPPER ALLOY

AU ON NI

POLARIZED HOUSING

2.5 A

UL, CSA

WHITE

2

50 Cycles

Other Interconnects

20 mohm

STRAIGHT

SQ PIN-SKT

LOCKING

RECTANGULAR

SNT-100-BK-H

Samtec

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.1

.2 inch

.1 inch

GOLD OVER NICKEL

.24 inch

POLYBUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE

1

125

-55 Cel

PHOSPHOR BRONZE

AU

2.5 A

BLACK

2

Other Interconnects

7.5616

5 mohm

PLUG

STRAIGHT

SQ PIN-SKT

e4

8.896

RECTANGULAR

SNT-100-BL-G

Samtec

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.1

.2 inch

.1 inch

GOLD OVER NICKEL

.24 inch

POLYBUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE

1

125

-55 Cel

PHOSPHOR BRONZE

AU

2.5 A

UL

BLUE

2

Other Interconnects

.5282

5 mohm

PLUG

STRAIGHT

e4

8.896

RECTANGULAR

15-29-1026

Molex

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

1000VAC

ONE

0.1

.2 inch

100000000000 ohm

.1 inch

NICKEL

.347 inch

GLASS FILLED POLYESTER

1

105

-40 Cel

30u

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

POLARIZED HOUSING

NO. OF CONTACTS: 2, 94V-0

5 A

UL, CSA

BLACK

2

200 Cycles

Other Interconnects

30 mohm

PLUG

STRAIGHT

SQ PIN-SKT

LOCKING

RECTANGULAR

15-29-1027

Molex

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

1000VAC

ONE

0.1

.2 inch

100000000000 ohm

.1 inch

GOLD OVER NICKEL

.347 inch

GLASS FILLED POLYESTER

1

105

-40 Cel

30u

PHOSPHOR BRONZE

NOT APPLICABLE

POLARIZED HOUSING

NO. OF CONTACTS: 2, 94V-0

5 A

UL, CSA

BLACK

2

200 Cycles

Other Interconnects

30 mohm

PLUG

STRAIGHT

SQ PIN-SKT

e4

LOCKING

RECTANGULAR

68786-203LF

Amphenol Icc

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.1

.198 inch

50000000000 ohm

.098 inch

.2 inch

POLYESTER

1

120

-55 Cel

30u

COPPER ALLOY

POLARIZED HOUSING

LOW PROFILE

2.5 A

UL, CSA

BLUE

2

50 Cycles

Other Interconnects

68786

20 mohm

STRAIGHT

SQ PIN-SKT

LOCKING

RECTANGULAR

AKSCT/ZBLACK

Assmann Wsw Components

SHUNTS / JUMPER CONNECTOR

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.1

.197 inch

.096 inch

.256 inch

1

SN

POLARIZED HOUSING

WITH CLOSED HOUSING

UL

BLACK

2

Other Interconnects

PLUG

STRAIGHT

SQ PIN-SKT

LOCKING

RECTANGULAR

FFSD-10-S-20.00-01-N

Samtec

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

0.05

.665 inch

.12 inch

Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.2 inch

POLYBUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE

2

105

PREASSEM CONN

-40 Cel

BERYLLIUM COPPER

POLARIZED HOUSING

.5 A

UL

BLACK

20

30 AWG

CABLE

30 AWG

Headers and Edge Type Connectors

WIRE

.834

15 mohm

PLUG

SQ PIN-SKT

e3

1.39

LOCKING

RECTANGULAR

SNT-100-BK-H-H

Samtec

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.1

.2 inch

.1 inch

Gold (Au) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.565 inch

POLYBUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE

1

125

-55 Cel

PHOSPHOR BRONZE

AU

2.5 A

BLACK

2

Other Interconnects

7.5616

5 mohm

PLUG

STRAIGHT

SQ PIN-SKT

e4

8.896

RECTANGULAR

1668111

Phoenix Contact

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

WITH CABLE ASSEMBLY

FEMALE

.583 inch

NO

NO

1.732 inch

THREADED

GLASS FILLED POLYETHYLENE/POLYURETHANE

90

-25 Cel

NO

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

STANDARD: UL 94-HB

CUL; EAC

4

SOLID

CABLE

WIRE

SOCKET

SNT-100-YW-G

Samtec

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.1

.2 inch

.1 inch

Gold (Au) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.24 inch

POLYBUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE

1

125

-55 Cel

PHOSPHOR BRONZE

AU

2.5 A

UL

YELLOW

2

Other Interconnects

.5282

5 mohm

PLUG

STRAIGHT

e4

8.896

RECTANGULAR

5050864-1

TE Connectivity

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

GENERAL PURPOSE

FEMALE

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

125

NO

NO

-65 Cel

YES

30u

1

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

5 A

22 AWG

BOARD

20 AWG

DISCRETE

5A

PRESS FIT

1681020

Phoenix Contact

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

WITH CABLE ASSEMBLY

FEMALE

.583 inch

NO

NO

1.102 inch

THREADED

GLASS FILLED POLYETHYLENE/POLYURETHANE

90

-25 Cel

NO

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

STANDARD: UL 94-HB

CUL; EAC

4

SOLID

CABLE

WIRE

SOCKET

MNT-102-BK-G

Samtec

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.1

.2 inch

.2 inch

Gold (Au) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.24 inch

GLASS FILLED POLYESTER

1

125

-55 Cel

10u

PHOSPHOR BRONZE

AU

3.9 A

UL

BLACK

2

0.1

Other Interconnects

.5282

PLUG

STRAIGHT

e4

8.896

LOCKING

RECTANGULAR

FFSD-05-S-04.00-01-N

Samtec

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

0.05

.414 inch

.12 inch

Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.2 inch

POLYBUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE

2

105

PREASSEM CONN

-40 Cel

10u

BERYLLIUM COPPER

AU ON NI

POLARIZED HOUSING

.5 A

UL

BLACK

10

30 AWG

0.05

CABLE

30 AWG

Headers and Edge Type Connectors

IDC

.834

15 mohm

PLUG

SQ PIN-SKT

e3

1.39

LOCKING

STAGGERED

MNT-104-BK-G

Samtec

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.1

.4 inch

.2 inch

GOLD OVER NICKEL

.24 inch

GLASS FILLED POLYESTER

1

125

-55 Cel

10u

PHOSPHOR BRONZE

AU

3.9 A

UL

BLACK

4

0.1

Other Interconnects

.5282

PLUG

STRAIGHT

e4

8.896

LOCKING

RECTANGULAR

1668124

Phoenix Contact

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

WITH CABLE ASSEMBLY

FEMALE

.583 inch

NO

NO

1.732 inch

THREADED

GLASS FILLED POLYETHYLENE/POLYURETHANE

90

-25 Cel

NO

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

STANDARD: UL 94-HB

CUL; EAC

4

SOLID

CABLE

WIRE

SOCKET

1668302

Phoenix Contact

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

WITH CABLE ASSEMBLY

FEMALE

.583 inch

NO

NO

1.102 inch

THREADED

GLASS FILLED POLYETHYLENE/POLYURETHANE

90

-25 Cel

NO

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

STANDARD: UL 94-HB

CUL; EAC

4

SOLID

CABLE

WIRE

SOCKET

1669835

Phoenix Contact

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

WITH CABLE ASSEMBLY

FEMALE

.583 inch

NO

NO

1.732 inch

THREADED

90

-25 Cel

NO

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

STANDARD: IEC 61076-2-101, UL

CUL; EAC

5

SOLID

CABLE

WIRE

SOCKET

1669848

Phoenix Contact

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

WITH CABLE ASSEMBLY

FEMALE

.583 inch

NO

NO

1.732 inch

THREADED

GLASS FILLED POLYETHYLENE/POLYURETHANE

90

-25 Cel

NO

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

STANDARD: IEC 61076-2-101, UL

CUL; EAC

5

SOLID

CABLE

WIRE

SOCKET

1669864

Phoenix Contact

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

WITH CABLE ASSEMBLY

FEMALE

.583 inch

NO

NO

1.079 inch

THREADED

GLASS FILLED POLYETHYLENE/POLYURETHANE

90

-25 Cel

NO

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

STANDARD: IEC 61076-2-101, UL

CUL; EAC

5

SOLID

CABLE

WIRE

SOCKET

MNT-103-BK-T

Samtec

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.1

.3 inch

.2 inch

Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.24 inch

GLASS FILLED POLYESTER

1

125

-55 Cel

PHOSPHOR BRONZE

SN

3.9 A

UL

BLACK

3

0.1

Other Interconnects

.5282

PLUG

STRAIGHT

e3

8.896

LOCKING

RECTANGULAR

MNT-108-BK-G

Samtec

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.1

.8 inch

.2 inch

Gold (Au) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.24 inch

GLASS FILLED POLYESTER

1

125

-55 Cel

10u

PHOSPHOR BRONZE

AU

3.9 A

UL

BLACK

8

0.1

Other Interconnects

.5282

PLUG

STRAIGHT

e4

8.896

LOCKING

RECTANGULAR

SNM-100-BK-T

Samtec

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.1

.05 inch

.13 inch

GLASS FILLED POLYESTER

1

PHOSPHOR BRONZE

SN

POLARIZED HOUSING

GLASS FILLED POLYESTER

UL

BLACK

2

Other Interconnects

SNM

10 mohm

PLUG

STRAIGHT

SQ PIN-SKT

8.896

LOCKING

RECTANGULAR

SNT-100-BL-T

Samtec

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.1

.2 inch

.1 inch

Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.24 inch

POLYBUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE

1

125

-55 Cel

PHOSPHOR BRONZE

SN

2.5 A

UL

BLUE

2

Other Interconnects

.5282

5 mohm

PLUG

STRAIGHT

e3

8.896

RECTANGULAR

SNT-100-RD-G

Samtec

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.1

.2 inch

.1 inch

GOLD OVER NICKEL

.24 inch

POLYBUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE

1

125

-55 Cel

PHOSPHOR BRONZE

AU

2.5 A

UL

RED

2

Other Interconnects

.5282

5 mohm

PLUG

STRAIGHT

e4

8.896

RECTANGULAR

FFSD-10-S-06.00-01-N

Samtec

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

0.05

.665 inch

.12 inch

Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.2 inch

POLYBUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE

2

105

PREASSEM CONN

-40 Cel

BERYLLIUM COPPER

POLARIZED HOUSING

.5 A

UL

BLACK

20

30 AWG

CABLE

30 AWG

Headers and Edge Type Connectors

WIRE

.834

15 mohm

PLUG

SQ PIN-SKT

e3

1.39

LOCKING

RECTANGULAR

1-332070-1

TE Connectivity

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

GENERAL PURPOSE

FEMALE

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

125

NO

NO

-65 Cel

YES

30u

1

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

6.5 A

BOARD

19 AWG

DISCRETE

6.5A

PRESS FIT

2-5331272-5

TE Connectivity

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

GENERAL PURPOSE

FEMALE

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

125

NO

NO

-65 Cel

YES

1

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

4 A

24 AWG

BOARD

23 AWG

DISCRETE

4A

PRESS FIT

2006-BBLK

Oupiin America

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

COMMERCIAL

FEMALE

ONE

0.1

.197 inch

5000000000 ohm

.098 inch

.235 inch

GLASS FILLED POLYBUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE

1

105

-55 Cel

PHOSPHOR BRONZE

GOLD OR TIN PLATED CONTACTS

1 A

UL

BLACK

2

Other Interconnects

1.112

20 mohm

PLUG

STRAIGHT

SQ PIN-SKT

1.39

RECTANGULAR

3-5331677-8

TE Connectivity

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

GENERAL PURPOSE

FEMALE

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

125

NO

NO

-65 Cel

YES

30u

1

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

5 A

22 AWG

BOARD

21 AWG

DISCRETE

5A

PRESS FIT

322-HCS5P2-100

TE Connectivity

INTERCONNECTION DEVICE

GENERAL PURPOSE

FEMALE

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

125

NO

NO

-55 Cel

YES

1

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

5 A

BOARD

DISCRETE

5A

PRESS FIT

Other Function Interconnects

Other function interconnects are a type of electrical connector used in specialized applications, where specific features are required for specialized functionality. They are designed to be reliable and precise, and can withstand harsh environmental conditions, including moisture, dust, and extreme temperatures.

Other function interconnects are available in a range of sizes and configurations, with different connector types and genders. They may include features such as sealing, grounding, or EMI shielding to ensure reliable performance in demanding applications.

One advantage of other function interconnects is their ability to provide specialized functionality, depending on the specific requirements of the application. For example, connectors may include specific pin counts or configurations, or may be designed for use in high-vibration or high-pressure environments.

Other function interconnects are commonly used in a variety of industrial applications, including robotics, automation, and machine tools. They may be used to connect sensors, control systems, and other electronic equipment, and may be subject to rigorous testing and qualification requirements to ensure their reliability and performance.