GENERAL PURPOSE Other Function RF Connectors 347

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Part	Manufacturer	Connector Type	Option	Reliability	Contact Gender	Dielectric Withstanding Voltage (V)	No. of Connectors	Panel Mount	Body Length	Body Diameter	Insulation Resistance	Mixed Contacts	Insertion Loss	EMI Shielded	Filter Feature	Body Width	Termination Contact Finish	Body Depth	MIL Conformity	Coupling Type	Insulator Material	Maximum Operating Temperature (Cel)	DIN Conformance	IEC Conformity	Minimum Operating Temperature	Empty Shell	Shell Finish	No. of Ports	Contact Material	Mating Contact Finish	Additional Features	Rated Current - Signal	Voltage Standing Wave Ratio	Total No. of Contacts	Contact Arrangement	Durability	Mounting Type	Characteristic Impedance	Sub-Category	Shell Material	Terminal Pitch (mm)	Cable Types	Mating Info.	Mains Connector Rating	Termination Type	Minimum Withdrawal Force (N)	Manufacturer Series	Contact Resistance	Body or Shell Style	Mounting Style	Contact Style	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Insertion Force (N)	Mounting Option-2	Terminal Length	Mounting Option-1	Maximum Operating Frequency
73300-0150	Molex	RF SMP CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		FEMALE			NO		.091 inch								.295 inch		SNAP							GOLD		NOT APPLICABLE	NOT APPLICABLE			1.2	1			CABLE	50 ohm		BERYLLIUM COPPER					SOLDER				JACK	STRAIGHT							40 GHz
73415-3592	Molex	RF SMP CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			NO										.2 inch		SNAP	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE	165			-65 Cel		GOLD		NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED				1			BOARD	50 ohm		BRASS					SURFACE MOUNT				PLUG	STRAIGHT							40 GHz
73415-3740	Molex	RF SMP CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		FEMALE			NO		.157 inch							Gold/Nickel (Au/Ni)	.242 inch		SNAP	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE						GOLD/NICKEL		BERYLLIUM COPPER	NOT SPECIFIED			1.5	1			CABLE	50 ohm		BERYLLIUM COPPER					SOLDER				JACK	STRAIGHT		e4					26.5 GHz
920-185J-51A	Amphenol	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		FEMALE			NO							NO				NO	SNAP	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE		NO	NO					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	VSWR MAX AT: 3 GHZ		1.29				BOARD	50 ohm							SOLDER		920-185J-51A		JACK	RIGHT ANGLE							6 GHz
E.FL-LR-SMT(10)	Hirose Electric	RF UMC/UMCC CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		FEMALE			NO							NO		Tin (Sn)		NO	SNAP	LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMER		NO	NO					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	LOW PROFILE		1.3				BOARD	50 ohm							SURFACE MOUNT				RECEPTACLE	RIGHT ANGLE		e3					2 GHz
SMP-FS-C07	Amphenol	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		FEMALE			NO							NO		GOLD OVER NICKEL		NO	SNAP	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE		NO	NO					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	VSWR IS MAX AT 20GHZ		1.35				CABLE	50 ohm											SOCKET	STRAIGHT		e4					26.5 GHz
SMP-MSLD-PCS	Amphenol	RF SMP CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE	COMMERCIAL	MALE	500VAC		NO	.197 inch	.165 inch					NO	.197 inch	Gold (Au)	.161 inch	NO	SNAP	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE	165	NO	NO	-65 Cel		GOLD	1			VSWR IS MAX AT 20GHZ		1.3	1		500 Cycles	BOARD	50 ohm	Other RF Connectors	BRASS					SURFACE MOUNT	2.1962			JACK	STRAIGHT	COAX	e4	8.896				18 GHz
SMP-MSLD-PCS-T	Amphenol	RF SMP CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE	COMMERCIAL	MALE	470VAC		NO	.196 inch						NO	.196 inch			NO		LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMER	165	NO	NO	-65 Cel		GOLD OVER NICKEL	1	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED			1.3	1		500 Cycles	BOARD	50 ohm	Other RF Connectors	BRASS					SURFACE MOUNT	8.896				STRAIGHT	COAX		44.48			LOCKING	18 GHz
MM8130-2600	Murata Manufacturing	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		FEMALE			NO	.098 inch	.053 inch						.098 inch		.055 inch		SNAP		85			-40 Cel				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED			1.2	1			BOARD	50 ohm							SURFACE MOUNT				RECEPTACLE	STRAIGHT							6 GHz
SF1521-60115-1S	Sv Microwave	RF 2.92MM CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		FEMALE			YES					.32 dB			.222 inch		.313 inch		THREADED	POLYETHERIMIDE	165			-65 Cel								1.3	1			BOARD AND PANEL	50 ohm		STAINLESS STEEL					SURFACE MOUNT				JACK	STRAIGHT							40 GHz
03S12L-000S3	Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik & Kg	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			NO							NO				NO	THREADED	POLYSTYROL		NO	NO					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	CAPTIVE CENTER CONTACT		2.62																PLUG	STRAIGHT							26.5 GHz
SF1211-66214-1S	Sv Microwave	RF SMP CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			YES					.379 dB			.222 inch		.238 inch		SNAP	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE	165			-65 Cel								1.5	1			BOARD AND PANEL	50 ohm		STAINLESS STEEL					SURFACE MOUNT				JACK	STRAIGHT							40 GHz
1058574-1	TE Connectivity	OTHER RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			YES		.25 inch			.13 dB					.39 inch		SNAP	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE	125			-65 Cel								1.14	1			CABLE AND PANEL	50 ohm		STAINLESS STEEL									RECEPTACLE	STRAIGHT							18 GHz
2406845-1	TE Connectivity	RF SMPM CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE				ONE	NO				NO		NO	NO				NO	SNAP	POLYETHERETHERKETONE	125	NO	NO	-40 Cel	YES	GOLD	1						1			CABLE	50 ohm		BERYLLIUM COPPER		.086 SEMI-RIGID, FLEXIBLE		115/230VAC	SOLDER				JACK	STRAIGHT							40 GHz
2406869-1	TE Connectivity	RF SMP CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE				ONE	NO				NO		NO	NO				NO	SNAP	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE	125	NO	NO	-40 Cel	YES	GOLD	1						1			CABLE	50 ohm		BERYLLIUM COPPER		.086 SEMI-RIGID, FLEXIBLE		115/230VAC	SOLDER				JACK	RIGHT ANGLE							15 GHz
H.FL-LP-DFS111(01)	Hirose Electric	OTHER RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			NO							NO		Tin (Sn)		NO	SNAP	POLYBUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE		NO	NO					COPPER ALLOY	TIN	LOW PROFILE		1.3				CABLE	50 ohm					MULTIPLE MATING PARTS AVAILABLE		SOLDER				PLUG	RIGHT ANGLE		e3					3 GHz
R223.435.000	Radiall S A	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			NO					.42 dB		NO				NO	SNAP	LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMER		NO	NO					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	VSWR MAX AT 6 GHZ		1.08				BOARD	50 ohm							SOLDER				RECEPTACLE	STRAIGHT							12.4 GHz
R223.435.000W	Radiall S A	RF MMBX CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			YES	.24 inch				.423 dB			.24 inch		.219 inch		SNAP		155			-55 Cel								1.083	1			BOARD AND PANEL	50 ohm							SOLDER				RECEPTACLE	STRAIGHT							12.4 GHz
R223435000	Radiall S A	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			NO	.24 inch				.42 dB		NO	.24 inch	NOT APPLICABLE	.22 inch	NO	SNAP			NO	NO					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	CAPTIVE CENTER CONTACT		1.08	1			BOARD	50 ohm							SOLDER				RECEPTACLE	STRAIGHT							12.4 GHz
R223435000W	Radiall S A	RF MMBX CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			NO							NO		NOT APPLICABLE	.35 inch	NO	SNAP			NO	NO					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	CAPTIVE CENTER CONTACT			1			BOARD								SOLDER				RECEPTACLE	STRAIGHT
119S144-40ML5	Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik & Kg	RF SMP CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			NO					.09 dB		NO		GOLD		NO	THREADED	PEEK/PTFE/LCP		NO	NO					BRASS	GOLD							BOARD	50 ohm					MULTIPLE MATING PARTS AVAILABLE		SURFACE MOUNT				PLUG	STRAIGHT		e4					10 GHz
19S144-40ML5	Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik & Kg	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			NO	.236 inch	.236 inch	5000000000 ohm		.51 dB		NO	.236 inch	GOLD	.161 inch	YES	SNAP	LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMER/POLYETHERETHERKETONE/POLYTETRAFLUORO ETHYLENE	155	NO	NO	-65 Cel			1	BRASS	GOLD	STANDARD: MIL-STD-202; CAPTIVE CENTER CONTACT	1.2 A	1.2	1		1000 Cycles	BOARD	50 ohm	Other RF Connectors						SURFACE MOUNT	2.1962		6 mohm	PLUG	STRAIGHT	COAX	e4	8.896			LOCKING	26.5 GHz
2406846-1	TE Connectivity	RF SMP CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE				ONE	NO				NO		NO	NO				NO	SNAP	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE	125	NO	NO	-40 Cel	YES	GOLD	1						1			CABLE	50 ohm		BERYLLIUM COPPER		.086 SEMI-RIGID, FLEXIBLE		115/230VAC	SOLDER				JACK	STRAIGHT							40 GHz
FFA.00.250.NTAC31Z	Lemo Usa	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			NO							YES				NO	SNAP	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE		NO	NO					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	WTH LATCH		1.25				CABLE	50 ohm							SOLDER				PLUG	STRAIGHT							1.5 GHz
0734160010	Molex	RF 7/16 DIN CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		FEMALE			NO									NOT APPLICABLE			SNAP									NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED				1			PANEL	50 ohm											JACK	STRAIGHT							7 GHz
18S203-40ML5	Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik & Kg	RF SMP CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE	COMMERCIAL	MALE	450VAC		NO			5000000000 ohm		.42 dB		NO		GOLD	.197 inch	NO	SNAP	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE	155	NO	NO	-55 Cel			1	BERYLLIUM COPPER	GOLD	INSERTION LOSS MAX AT: 18 GHZ, VSWR MAX AT: 26.5 GHZ		1.92	1		100 Cycles	BOARD	50 ohm	Other RF Connectors						SOLDER			6 mohm	PLUG	RIGHT ANGLE	COAX	e4				LOCKING	65 GHz
20279-001E-01	I-pex	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			NO							NO		GOLD OVER NICKEL		NO	SNAP	LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMER		NO	NO					COPPER ALLOY	GOLD							BOARD								SURFACE MOUNT		20279-001E		RECEPTACLE	STRAIGHT		e4
AAM1-1700	Infinite Electronics International	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			YES		.75 inch										SNAP	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE													1			CABLE	50 ohm		BRASS					CRIMP					STRAIGHT							3 GHz
DIN7A-PP-C-GF-ST-CA3	Samtec	RF 1.0/2.3 DIN CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			NO		.325 inch							GOLD OVER NICKEL	1.07 inch		SNAP		125			-65 Cel						TRUE75, APPLICABLE CABLE: RG 179			1			CABLE	75 ohm							CRIMP				PLUG	STRAIGHT		e4
FFA.00.250.NTAC31	Lemo Usa	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			NO							NO				NO	SNAP	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE		NO	NO					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	WTH LATCH		1.25				CABLE	50 ohm							SOLDER				PLUG	STRAIGHT							1.5 GHz
MM8430-2610B	Murata Manufacturing	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		FEMALE			NO	.118 inch						NO	.118 inch	NOT APPLICABLE	.069 inch	NO	SNAP			NO	NO					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	VSWR MAX AT 3GHZ		1.2	1			BOARD	50 ohm							SURFACE MOUNT				RECEPTACLE	STRAIGHT							6 GHz
141-0003-0001	TE Connectivity	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		FEMALE			YES		.156 inch					NO		Gold (Au)		NO	THREADED	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE		NO	NO					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		3 A	1.2	1			CABLE AND PANEL	50 ohm							SOLDER				RECEPTACLE	STRAIGHT		e4					2 GHz
1996318-1	TE Connectivity	RF SMPM CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE	COMMERCIAL	MALE		ONE	NO				NO		NO	NO		NOT APPLICABLE	.257 inch	NO	SNAP	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE	125	NO	NO	-55 Cel	YES	GOLD	1	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED				1		500 Cycles	BOARD	50 ohm	Other RF Connectors	BERYLLIUM COPPER				115/230VAC	PRESS FIT			100 mohm	PLUG	STRAIGHT	COAX				.123 inch	LOCKING	20 GHz
1996705-4	TE Connectivity	RF SMPM CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE		ONE	NO	1.12 inch			NO		NO	NO	.85 inch	NOT APPLICABLE	.392 inch	NO	SNAP		105	NO	NO	-55 Cel	YES		1	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED				8			BOARD			STAINLESS STEEL	6.1			115/230VAC	SCREW					RIGHT ANGLE
29976BM-2-006	Huber+suhner Ag	OTHER RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			YES		.18 inch			.373 dB				Gold (Au) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	.2 inch		THREADED	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE	165			-65 Cel		GOLD				STANDARDS: MIL-STD-348		1.3	1			BOARD AND PANEL	50 ohm		BERYLLIUM COPPER					SURFACE MOUNT				PLUG	RIGHT ANGLE		e4					65 GHz
3-1393670-9	TE Connectivity	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE	COMMERCIAL	FEMALE		ONE	NO	.287 inch		1000000000 ohm	NO		NO	NO	.291 inch	NOT APPLICABLE	.433 inch	NO	SCREW	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE	85	NO	NO	-40 Cel	YES	GOLD	1	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	ROHS AND ELV COMPLIANT		1.35	1		500 Cycles	PANEL	50 ohm	Other RF Connectors	BRASS				115/230VAC	SOLDER			6 mohm	JACK	RIGHT ANGLE	COAX				.13 inch	LOCKING	10 GHz
5-1814826-3	TE Connectivity	RF F CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE	COMMERCIAL	FEMALE		ONE	YES			5000000000 ohm	NO		NO	NO			.846 inch	NO	THREADED	POLYPROPYLENE	85	NO	NO	-55 Cel	NO	NICKEL	1	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	APPLICABLE CABLE: RG 6/U			1		50 Cycles	PANEL	75 ohm	Other RF Connectors	BRASS		RG 6			CRIMP			100 mohm	JACK	STRAIGHT	COAX					LOCKING	2 GHz
7-1532004-0	TE Connectivity	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			NO							NO				NO	THREADED	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE		NO	NO					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	VSWR MAX AT 2GHZ		1.2				CABLE	50 ohm					MULTIPLE MATING PARTS AVAILABLE		CLAMP SOLDER		1532004		PLUG	RIGHT ANGLE							2 GHz
81_MMBX-S50-0-1/111_NE	Huber+suhner Ag	RF MMBX CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE	COMMERCIAL	MALE			NO	.241 inch						NO	.241 inch		.226 inch	NO	SNAP	LCP/PFA	155	NO	NO	-55 Cel			1	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	VSWR MAX AT 6 GHZ		1.15	1		100 Cycles	BOARD	50 ohm		BRASS					SURFACE MOUNT				PLUG	STRAIGHT	COAX						12.4 GHz
81_MMBX-S50-0-1/111_NH	Huber+suhner Ag	RF MMBX CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE	COMMERCIAL	MALE			NO	.241 inch						NO	.241 inch		.226 inch	NO	SNAP	LCP/PFA	155	NO	NO	-55 Cel			1	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	VSWR MAX AT 6 GHZ		1.15	1		100 Cycles	BOARD	50 ohm		BRASS					SURFACE MOUNT				PLUG	STRAIGHT	COAX						12.4 GHz
82_MMBX-50-0-2/111_NE	Huber+suhner Ag	RF MMBX CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		FEMALE			NO	.241 inch	.197 inch					NO	.241 inch	Gold (Au) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	.122 inch	NO	SNAP	LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMER	155	NO	NO	-55 Cel			1		GOLD OVER NICKEL	VSWR MAX AT 6 GHZ		1.15	1		100 Cycles	BOARD	50 ohm	Other RF Connectors	BRASS					SOLDER				JACK	STRAIGHT	COAX	e4			.134 inch	LOCKING	12.4 GHz
FLA.00.250.NTAC27	Lemo Usa	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			NO							NO				NO	SNAP	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE		NO	NO					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	APPLICABLE CABLES:RG179B/U;RG188A/U, WITH LATCH		1.25				CABLE	50 ohm							SOLDER				PLUG	RIGHT ANGLE							1.5 GHz
SF1611-60021-2S	Sv Microwave	RF 2.4MM CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			YES					.283 dB			.222 inch		.499 inch		THREADED		165			-65 Cel								1.28	1			BOARD AND PANEL	50 ohm		STAINLESS STEEL					SURFACE MOUNT					STRAIGHT							50 GHz
SMZ6121A6-3GT30G-6-75	Amphenol	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE	COMMERCIAL	FEMALE	2100VAC		NO			5000000000 ohm				NO		GOLD	.63 inch	NO	SNAP	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE	100	NO	NO	-40 Cel		GOLD	1		GOLD			1.2	1			CABLE	75 ohm	Other RF Connectors	BRASS			MULTIPLE MATING PARTS AVAILABLE		CRIMP				PLUG	STRAIGHT	COAX	e4				LOCKING	3 GHz
1-1589071-7	TE Connectivity	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE	COMMERCIAL			ONE	NO	15 inch			NO		NO	NO	.166 inch		.353 inch	NO	SCREW	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE	125	NO	NO	-55 Cel	YES	NICKEL	1	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		1 A		8	S0C8		BOARD	50 ohm	Headers and Edge Type Connectors	ALUMINUM ALLOY	2.54	RG 178		1A	SURFACE MOUNT				RECEPTACLE	RIGHT ANGLE	COAX			THREADED HOLE		LOCKING	60 GHz
1-1589071-8	TE Connectivity	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE	COMMERCIAL			ONE	NO	12 inch			NO		NO	NO	.166 inch		.353 inch	NO	SCREW	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE	125	NO	NO	-55 Cel	YES	NICKEL	1	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		1 A		3	S0C3		BOARD	50 ohm	Headers and Edge Type Connectors	ALUMINUM ALLOY	2.54	RG 178		1A	SURFACE MOUNT				RECEPTACLE	RIGHT ANGLE	COAX			THREADED HOLE		LOCKING	60 GHz
119S141-40ML5	Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik & Kg	RF SMP CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE			NO					.09 dB		NO				NO	SNAP	PEEK/PTFE/LCP		NO	NO					NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED							BOARD	50 ohm					MULTIPLE MATING PARTS AVAILABLE		SURFACE MOUNT				PLUG	STRAIGHT							10 GHz
1466328-1	TE Connectivity	RF CONNECTOR	GENERAL PURPOSE		MALE		ONE	NO				NO		NO	NO		NOT APPLICABLE		NO	THREADED	POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE	125	NO	NO	-55 Cel	YES	GOLD	1	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	VSWR MAX AT 2GHZ, CAPTIVE CONTACT		1.2	1			CABLE	50 ohm		BRASS			MULTIPLE MATING PARTS AVAILABLE	115/230VAC	CRIMP				PLUG	STRAIGHT				SCREW		4.83-32	2 GHz

Other Function RF Connectors

Other function RF connectors are a type of connector used in specialized radio frequency (RF) applications, where specific features are required for specialized functionality. They are designed to provide a reliable and stable connection between coaxial cables and RF equipment, while also maintaining low signal loss and high frequency performance.

Other function RF connectors are available in a range of sizes and configurations, with different connector types and genders. They may include features such as sealing, grounding, or EMI shielding to ensure reliable performance in demanding applications.

One advantage of other function RF connectors is their ability to provide specialized functionality, depending on the specific requirements of the application. For example, connectors may include specific impedance values, or may be designed for use in high-vibration or high-temperature environments.

Other function RF connectors are commonly used in a variety of industrial applications, including telecommunications, wireless communication systems, and aerospace and defense applications. They may be used to connect antennas, receivers, transmitters, and other RF equipment, and may be subject to rigorous testing and qualification requirements to ensure their reliability and performance.