Part | RoHS | Manufacturer | Connector Type | Option | Reliability | Contact Gender | Dielectric Withstanding Voltage (V) | No. of Connectors | Panel Mount | Body Length | Mixed Contacts | Insertion Loss | EMI Shielded | Filter Feature | Termination Contact Finish | MIL Conformity | Coupling Type | Insulator Material | Maximum Operating Temperature (Cel) | DIN Conformance | IEC Conformity | Minimum Operating Temperature | Empty Shell | Shell Finish | No. of Ports | Adapter Style | Contact Material | Mating Contact Finish | Additional Features | Rated Current - Signal | Voltage Standing Wave Ratio | Reference Standard | Insulator Color | No. of Contacts - Side1 | No. of Contacts - Side2 | Total No. of Contacts | Durability | Mounting Type | Characteristic Impedance | Sub-Category | Shell Material | Cable Types | Mains Connector Rating | Manufacturer Series | Body or Shell Style | Mounting Style | Contact Style | JESD-609 Code | Maximum Operating Frequency |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
TE Connectivity |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
MALE-FEMALE |
ONE |
YES |
NO |
.4 dB |
NO |
NO |
NO |
BAYONET-THREADED |
PTFE FLUOROCARBON |
125 |
NO |
NO |
-65 Cel |
NO |
1 |
OSM-BNC |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
1.3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PANEL |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
PLUG-JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
RF ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE-MALE |
1050VAC |
ONE |
NO |
NO |
.52 dB |
NO |
NO |
NOT APPLICABLE |
NO |
THREADED-THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
155 |
NO |
NO |
-55 Cel |
YES |
1 |
SMA-SMA |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
1.2 |
1 |
500 Cycles |
50 ohm |
STAINLESS STEEL |
115/230VAC |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
27 GHz |
||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF RIGHT ANGLED ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
MALE-FEMALE |
NO |
.13 dB |
NO |
GOLD |
NO |
THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
165 |
NO |
NO |
-65 Cel |
SMA-SMA |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
CAPTIVE CONTACT |
1.17 |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
PLUG-JACK |
RIGHT ANGLE |
COAX |
e4 |
12.4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Radiall S A |
RF TEE ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE-MALE-MALE |
750VAC |
NO |
.085 dB |
NO |
Gold (Au) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
YES |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
165 |
NO |
YES |
-65 Cel |
SMB-SMB-SMB |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
STANDARDS: MIL-C-39012; IEC 169-10, CAPTIVE CENTER CONTACT |
.085 |
500 Cycles |
50 ohm |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
e4 |
4 GHz |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Radiall S A |
RF TEE ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE-MALE-FEMALE |
NO |
1 dB |
NO |
GOLD OVER NICKEL |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
SMB-SMB-SMB |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
50 ohm |
e4 |
4 GHz |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Radiall S A |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
HERMETIC |
COMMERCIAL |
FEMALE |
YES |
.33 dB |
NO |
Gold (Au) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
NO |
THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
155 |
NO |
NO |
-55 Cel |
N-N |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
1.45 |
500 Cycles |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
JACK-JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
e4 |
11 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Radiall S A |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
HERMETIC |
FEMALE-FEMALE |
2500VAC |
YES |
.33 dB |
NO |
Gold (Au) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
NO |
THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
155 |
NO |
NO |
-55 Cel |
N-N |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
STANDARDS: MIL-C-39012; IEC 169-16 |
1.45 |
500 Cycles |
50 ohm |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
e4 |
11 GHz |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Radiall S A |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE-FEMALE |
YES |
NO |
NOT APPLICABLE |
NO |
BAYONET-BAYONET |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
BNC.HT-BNC.HT |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
1.6 |
50 ohm |
2 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Radiall S A |
RF ADAPTER |
GOLD OVER NICKEL |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
FEMALE-FEMALE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD |
NO |
THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
165 |
NO |
NO |
-65 Cel |
SMA-SMA |
BERYLLIUM COPPER |
GOLD |
NATURAL |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
JACK-JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
e4 |
18 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
TE Connectivity |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
FEMALE-FEMALE |
ONE |
NO |
NO |
NO |
NO |
NOT APPLICABLE |
NO |
THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
125 |
NO |
NO |
-55 Cel |
YES |
SILVER |
1 |
BNC-MICRODOT |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
VSWR MAX AT 2GHZ |
1.2 |
1 |
CABLE |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
BRASS |
115/230VAC |
RECEPTACLE |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
|||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF TEE ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
FEMALE-MALE-FEMALE |
2100VAC |
NO |
.2 dB |
NO |
NO |
BAYONET |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
165 |
NO |
NO |
-65 Cel |
BNC-BNC-BNC |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
VSWR MAX AT 3 GHZ |
1.5 |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
JACK-PLUG-JACK |
COAX |
4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Pomona Electronics |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
MALE-MALE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD |
YES |
THREADED-BAYONET |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
165 |
NO |
NO |
-65 Cel |
SMA-BNC |
NOT SPECIFIED |
GOLD |
SHIELDED |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
PLUG-JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
e4 |
12.4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
MALE-MALE |
ONE |
YES |
.878 inch |
NO |
.26 dB |
NO |
NO |
NO |
THREADED |
TFE FLUOROCARBON |
165 |
NO |
NO |
-65 Cel |
NO |
GOLD |
1 |
SMA-SMA |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
ROHS AND ELV COMPLIANT |
1.16 |
1 |
PANEL |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
STAINLESS STEEL |
PLUG-PLUG |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
18 GHz |
|||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE-MALE |
NO |
NO |
Gold (Au) |
THREADED-THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
165 |
-65 Cel |
SMA-SMA |
1.2 |
NATURAL |
50 ohm |
JACK-PLUG |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
e4 |
18 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Pomona Electronics |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
FEMALE-FEMALE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD |
NO |
THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
165 |
NO |
NO |
-65 Cel |
SMA-SMA |
BRASS |
GOLD |
ROHS COMPLIANT |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
JACK-JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
e4 |
12.4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Cobham Plc |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE-MALE |
YES |
NO |
GOLD |
NO |
THREADED |
NO |
NO |
7/16-DIN-SMA |
BERYLLIUM COPPER |
GOLD |
VSWR 1.15 AT 8 GHZ ALSO AVAILABLE |
1.25 |
50 ohm |
e4 |
18 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Radiall S A |
RF ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE-MALE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD OVER NICKEL |
NO |
THREADED-THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
N-SMA |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
STANDARDS: MIL-C-39012; IEC 169-16 |
1.11 |
50 ohm |
PLUG |
e4 |
11 GHz |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Radiall S A |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE-MALE |
1500VAC |
NO |
.19 dB |
NO |
Gold (Au) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
NO |
THREADED-THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
155 |
NO |
NO |
-55 Cel |
N-SMA |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
1.2 |
500 Cycles |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
PLUG-PLUG |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
e4 |
11 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF RIGHT ANGLED ADAPTER |
COMMERCIAL |
FEMALE-MALE |
NO |
THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
AU,AU |
NATURAL |
RF Adapters |
RIGHT ANGLE |
COAX |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trompeter Electronics |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE-FEMALE |
YES |
NO |
NO |
BAYONET |
NO |
NO |
BNC-BNC |
PLUG-JACK |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ddk |
RF TEE ADAPTER |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Huber+suhner Ag |
RF CONNECTOR ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
FEMALE-FEMALE |
NO |
NO |
NOT APPLICABLE |
NO |
SNAP-THREADED |
PFA/PTFE |
165 |
NO |
NO |
-65 Cel |
MMBX-SMA |
BERYLLIUM COPPER |
NOT SPECIFIED |
1.38 |
500 Cycles |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
JACK-JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
12.4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Huber+suhner Ag |
RF CONNECTOR ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
FEMALE-FEMALE |
YES |
NO |
NOT APPLICABLE |
YES |
THREADED |
PFA/PTFE |
165 |
NO |
YES |
-65 Cel |
N-N |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
STANDARDS: IEC 61169-16; MIL-STD-348A/304, VSWR MAX AT 12.4GHZ |
1.9 |
500 Cycles |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
JACK-JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
11 GHz |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
RF TEE ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE-MALE-FEMALE |
ONE |
YES |
NO |
NO |
NO |
NO |
BAYONET |
POLYETHYLENE |
85 |
NO |
NO |
-55 Cel |
NO |
NICKEL |
1 |
BNC-BNC-BNC |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
3 WAY BNC ADAPTOR |
1 |
PANEL |
50 ohm |
ZINC ALLOY |
4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Trompeter Electronics |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
MALE-FEMALE |
NO |
NO |
NO |
BAYONET |
NO |
NO |
BNC-70 |
JACK-PLUG |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trompeter Electronics |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
FEMALE-MALE |
NO |
NO |
NO |
BAYONET |
NO |
NO |
BNC-70 |
JACK-PLUG |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Cinch Connectivity Solutions |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE-MALE |
NO |
NO |
BAYONET |
BNC-BNC |
75 ohm |
JACK-PLUG |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Radiall S A |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
FEMALE-FEMALE |
YES |
.16 dB |
NO |
GOLD OVER NICKEL |
NO |
THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
155 |
NO |
NO |
-55 Cel |
N-N |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
1.3 |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
JACK-JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
e4 |
11 GHz |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Radiall S A |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE-FEMALE |
YES |
NO |
Gold (Au) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
NO |
THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
N-N |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
STANDARDS: MIL-C-39012; IEC 169-16 |
50 ohm |
e4 |
11 GHz |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Sv Microwave |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE-FEMALE |
1400VAC |
YES |
NO |
GOLD OVER NICKEL |
NO |
THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
165 |
NO |
NO |
-65 Cel |
SMA-SMA |
BERYLLIUM COPPER |
GOLD OVER NICKEL |
500 Cycles |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
JACK-JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
e4 |
18 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Trompeter Electronics |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE-MALE |
NO |
NO |
NO |
SNAP-THREADED |
NO |
NO |
JACK-PLUG |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF CONNECTOR ADAPTER |
COMMERCIAL |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
165 |
-65 Cel |
N-RP-SMA |
PHOSPHOR BRONZE, PHOSPHOR BRONZE |
AU,AU |
NATURAL |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
242113 |
PLUG-JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
11 GHz |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Huber+suhner Ag |
RF CONNECTOR ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE-FEMALE |
NO |
NO |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYSTYROL |
85 |
NO |
NO |
-40 Cel |
QMA-QMA |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
1.14 |
500 Cycles |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
JACK-JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
6 GHz |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Huber+suhner Ag |
RF CONNECTOR ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
MALE-MALE |
NO |
NO |
NOT APPLICABLE |
NO |
SNAP-SNAP |
PFA/PTFE |
155 |
NO |
NO |
-65 Cel |
MMBX-MMBX |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
VSWR MAX AT 8 GHZ |
1.19 |
100 Cycles |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
PLUG-PLUG |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
12.4 GHz |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Huber+suhner Ag |
RF CONNECTOR ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE-MALE |
NO |
NO |
NO |
SNAP |
PFA/PTFE |
155 |
NO |
NO |
-55 Cel |
MMBX-MMBX |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
100 Cycles |
50 ohm |
PLUG-PLUG |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
12.4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Radiall S A |
RF CONNECTOR ADAPTER |
COMMERCIAL |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
165 |
-65 Cel |
SMA-SMA |
BERYLLIUM COPPER |
AU ON NI |
1.14 |
500 Cycles |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
JACK-JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
18 GHz |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trompeter Electronics |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE |
YES |
NO |
NICKEL |
NO |
BAYONET-THREADED |
NO |
NO |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NICKEL |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Bel Fuse |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
COMMERCIAL |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
165 |
-65 Cel |
SMB-SMB |
BERYLLIUM COPPER |
1.2 |
500 Cycles |
75 ohm |
RF Adapters |
PLUG-PLUG |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
2 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
RF RIGHT ANGLED ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE-FEMALE |
ONE |
NO |
NO |
NO |
NO |
NOT APPLICABLE |
NO |
THREADED |
ACETAL |
85 |
NO |
NO |
-55 Cel |
YES |
NICKEL |
1 |
F-F |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
1 |
50 Cycles |
PANEL |
75 ohm |
BRASS |
115/230VAC |
PLUG-JACK |
RIGHT ANGLE |
COAX |
|||||||||||||||||
Huber+suhner Ag |
RF CONNECTOR ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
MALE-FEMALE |
NO |
NO |
YES |
THREADED |
PFA/PTFE |
165 |
NO |
YES |
-65 Cel |
SMA-SMA |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
STANDARDS: IEC 60169-15; MIL-STD-348A/310 |
1.56 |
500 Cycles |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
PLUG-JACK |
RIGHT ANGLE |
COAX |
18 GHz |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Carlisle Interconnect Technologies |
RF RIGHT ANGLED ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
MALE-FEMALE |
2100VAC |
NO |
.2 dB |
NO |
NO |
THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
165 |
NO |
NO |
-65 Cel |
SMA-SMA |
BERYLLIUM COPPER, BERYLLIUM COPPER |
AU ON NI,AU ON NI |
1.25 |
500 Cycles |
50 ohm |
RF Adapters |
JACK-PLUG |
RIGHT ANGLE |
COAX |
18 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Carlisle Interconnect Technologies |
RF RIGHT ANGLED ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE-FEMALE |
NO |
.2 dB |
NO |
NO |
THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
SMA-SMA |
1.25 |
50 ohm |
18 GHz |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Carlisle Interconnect Technologies |
RF RIGHT ANGLED ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE-FEMALE |
NO |
.2 dB |
NO |
NO |
THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
SMA-SMA |
1.25 |
50 ohm |
18 GHz |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
COMMERCIAL |
FEMALE-FEMALE |
NO |
BAYONET-THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
BNC-F |
PHOSPHOR BRONZE |
AU |
NATURAL |
RF Adapters |
JACK-JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Infinite Electronics International |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
FEMALE-MALE |
NO |
NO |
NO |
THREADED |
NO |
NO |
SMA-TNC |
CABLE |
PLUG-JACK |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE-FEMALE |
NO |
NO |
NO |
THREADED |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
SMA-N |
RF adapters are a type of connector used to connect two different types of RF connectors together. They are commonly used in radio frequency (RF) applications, where different types of connectors may be required for specific applications.
RF adapters typically consist of a male and female connector, with the male connector featuring pins or threads that connect to the female connector, which has sockets or threads to receive the pins or threads. They may be straight or angled, and are available in a range of sizes and configurations to accommodate different types of RF connectors.
One advantage of RF adapters is their ability to provide compatibility between different types of RF connectors, allowing for flexibility in RF systems design. They can also be used to convert impedance or to change gender, depending on the specific requirements of the application.
RF adapters are commonly used in a variety of industrial and consumer applications, including telecommunications, wireless communication systems, and test and measurement equipment. They may be subject to rigorous testing and qualification requirements to ensure their reliability and performance.