Part | RoHS | Manufacturer | Connector Type | Option | Reliability | Contact Gender | Dielectric Withstanding Voltage (V) | No. of Connectors | Panel Mount | Body Length | Body Diameter | Insulation Resistance | Mixed Contacts | Insertion Loss | EMI Shielded | Filter Feature | Body Width | Termination Contact Finish | Body Depth | MIL Conformity | Coupling Type | Insulator Material | Maximum Operating Temperature (Cel) | DIN Conformance | IEC Conformity | Minimum Operating Temperature | Empty Shell | Shell Finish | No. of Ports | Contact Material | Mating Contact Finish | Polarization Key | Additional Features | Rated Current - Signal | Voltage Standing Wave Ratio | Reference Standard | Insulator Color | Total No. of Contacts | Durability | Mounting Type | Characteristic Impedance | Sub-Category | Shell Material | Terminal Pitch (mm) | Cable Types | Mating Info. | Mains Connector Rating | Termination Type | Minimum Withdrawal Force (N) | Manufacturer Series | Contact Resistance | Body or Shell Style | Mounting Style | Contact Style | JESD-609 Code | Maximum Insertion Force (N) | Terminal Length | Mounting Option-1 | Maximum Operating Frequency |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE |
NO |
.3 dB |
NO |
GOLD |
YES |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUORO ETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
STANDARD: MIL-C-39012, INSERTION LOSS MAX AT 1.5 GHZ, VSWR MAX AT 10 GHZ, APPLICABLE CABLE: RG-174 |
1.5 |
CABLE |
50 ohm |
SOLDER |
PLUG |
RIGHT ANGLE |
e4 |
4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
COMMERCIAL |
.5 inch |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
GOLD |
1 |
NATURAL |
1 |
CABLE |
75 ohm |
RF SMB/SSMB Connectors |
ZINC ALLOY |
RG-179/U |
CRIMP |
142194-75 |
PLUG |
RIGHT ANGLE |
COAX |
LOCKING |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD |
BOARD |
SOLDER |
142138 |
JACK |
STRAIGHT |
e4 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
MALE |
NO |
.276 inch |
NO |
.276 inch |
.299 inch |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD |
1 |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NATURAL |
1 |
BOARD |
75 ohm |
RF SMB/SSMB Connectors |
BRASS |
SOLDER |
JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
.154 inch |
LOCKING |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE |
1131VAC |
NO |
.543 inch |
.3 dB |
NO |
.394 inch |
GOLD (30) OVER NICKEL (100) |
.807 inch |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYAMIDE66 |
115 |
NO |
NO |
-40 Cel |
NICKEL |
1 |
GOLD (30) OVER NICKEL (100) |
1.5 |
1 |
100 Cycles |
CABLE |
50 ohm |
BRASS |
RG-174, RG-188, RG-316 |
CRIMP |
JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
e4 |
4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
COMMERCIAL |
FEMALE |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
GOLD |
1 |
NATURAL |
1 |
CABLE |
75 ohm |
RF SMB/SSMB Connectors |
BRASS |
RG-179/U |
CRIMP |
142186-75 |
PLUG |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
LOCKING |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE |
1131VAC |
NO |
.3 dB |
NO |
1.024 inch |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
115 |
-40 Cel |
NICKEL |
1 |
1.5 |
NATURAL |
1 |
100 Cycles |
CABLE |
50 ohm |
BRASS |
RG174, RG188, RG316 |
CRIMP |
JACK |
COAX |
4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE |
NO |
NO |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
CABLE |
50 ohm |
CRIMP |
142220 |
PLUG |
STRAIGHT |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
APPLICABLE CABLES: RG-174/U; RG-188A/U; RG-316/U |
CABLE |
CRIMP SOLDER |
PLUG |
RIGHT ANGLE |
e4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
COMMERCIAL |
FEMALE |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
GOLD |
1 |
NATURAL |
1 |
PANEL |
RF SMB/SSMB Connectors |
BRASS |
SEMI-RIGID |
SOLDER |
PLUG |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
LOCKING |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
APPLICABLE CABLES: RG-174/U; RG-188A/U; RG-316/U |
CABLE |
CRIMP SOLDER |
PLUG |
STRAIGHT |
e4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE |
NO |
.3 dB |
NO |
GOLD |
YES |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
STANDARD: MIL-C-39012, INSERTION LOSS MAX AT 1.5 GHZ, VSWR MAX AT 10 GHZ, APPLICABLE CABLE: RG-174 |
1.5 |
CABLE |
50 ohm |
CRIMP |
PLUG |
RIGHT ANGLE |
e4 |
4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD (30) OVER NICKEL (100) |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD (30) OVER NICKEL (100) |
BOARD |
SOLDER |
SMB1252B1-3GT30G-50 |
JACK |
RIGHT ANGLE |
e4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
MALE |
1400VAC |
NO |
.25 inch |
1000000000 ohm |
.3 dB |
NO |
.25 inch |
GOLD |
.295 inch |
YES |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
165 |
NO |
NO |
-65 Cel |
GOLD |
1 |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
STANDARD: MIL-C-39012, INSERTION LOSS MAX AT 1.5 GHZ, VSWR MAX AT 10 GHZ |
1.5 |
1 |
500 Cycles |
BOARD |
50 ohm |
RF SMB/SSMB Connectors |
BRASS |
SOLDER |
8 mohm |
JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
e4 |
.155 inch |
LOCKING |
4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
COMMERCIAL |
.579 inch |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
GOLD |
1 |
NATURAL |
1 |
CABLE |
75 ohm |
RF SMB/SSMB Connectors |
BRASS |
CRIMP |
142176-75 |
PLUG |
RIGHT ANGLE |
COAX |
LOCKING |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD |
CABLE |
50 ohm |
SOLDER |
142212 |
PLUG |
STRAIGHT |
e4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
2FA1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
MALE |
1400VAC |
NO |
.25 inch |
1000000000 ohm |
.3 dB |
NO |
.25 inch |
GOLD |
.295 inch |
YES |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
165 |
NO |
NO |
-65 Cel |
GOLD |
1 |
BRASS |
GOLD |
STANDARD: MIL-C-39012, INSERTION LOSS MAX AT 1.5 GHZ, VSWR MAX AT 10 GHZ |
1.5 |
NATURAL |
1 |
500 Cycles |
BOARD |
50 ohm |
RF SMB/SSMB Connectors |
BRASS |
SOLDER |
903 |
8 mohm |
JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
e4 |
.155 inch |
LOCKING |
4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
COMMERCIAL |
MALE |
YES |
.438 inch |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
GOLD |
1 |
NATURAL |
1 |
75 ohm |
RF SMB/SSMB Connectors |
BRASS |
RG-179/U |
142191-75 |
JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
LOCKING |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD |
APPLICABLE CABLES: RG-174/U; RG-188A/U; RG-316/U |
CABLE |
CRIMP SOLDER |
142252 |
JACK |
RIGHT ANGLE |
e4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE |
NO |
.6 dB |
NO |
GOLD |
YES |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
STANDARD: MIL-C-39012, APPLICABLE CABLES: RG-188/U; RG-316/U, INSERTION LOSS MAX AT 1.5 GHZ |
1.51 |
CABLE |
50 ohm |
CRIMP SOLDER |
PLUG |
RIGHT ANGLE |
e4 |
4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE |
YES |
NO |
GOLD |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
CABLE AND PANEL |
50 ohm |
CRIMP |
JACK |
STRAIGHT |
e4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
COMMERCIAL |
1400VAC |
NICKEL |
1 |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
1.22 |
NATURAL |
1 |
100 Cycles |
50 ohm |
Other RF Connectors |
ZINC ALLOY |
RG-174 |
PLUG |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
LOCKING |
2 GHz |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
2FA1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
MALE |
NO |
.3 dB |
NO |
GOLD |
.225 inch |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD |
1 |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
STANDARD: MIL-C-39012, INSERTION LOSS MAX AT 1.5 GHZ, USABLE UPTO 10 GHZ |
RED |
1 |
BOARD |
75 ohm |
RF SMB/SSMB Connectors |
ZINC ALLOY |
SOLDER |
JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
e4 |
.155 inch |
LOCKING |
4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE |
NO |
.3 dB |
NO |
1.024 inch |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
115 |
-40 Cel |
NICKEL |
1 |
1.5 |
NATURAL |
1 |
100 Cycles |
CABLE |
50 ohm |
BRASS |
RG58, RG141 |
CRIMP |
JACK |
COAX |
4 GHz |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD (30) OVER NICKEL (100) |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD (30) OVER NICKEL (100) |
BOARD |
SOLDER |
SMB6251B1-3GT30G-50 |
PLUG |
STRAIGHT |
e4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD |
BOARD |
SOLDER |
SX02B2006 |
JACK |
RIGHT ANGLE |
e4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
COMMERCIAL |
NOT APPLICABLE |
.63 inch |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
GOLD |
1 |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NATURAL |
1 |
BOARD |
RF SMB/SSMB Connectors |
BRASS |
SOLDER |
JACK |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
.155 inch |
LOCKING |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE |
NO |
.405 inch |
NO |
.315 inch |
GOLD OVER NICKEL |
.937 inch |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
125 |
NO |
NO |
-65 Cel |
GOLD |
1 |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
1 |
100 Cycles |
BOARD |
50 ohm |
ZINC ALLOY |
SOLDER |
PLUG |
RIGHT ANGLE |
COAX |
e4 |
.126 inch |
2.5 GHz |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
FA1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD (30) |
BOARD |
50 ohm |
SOLDER |
142134 |
PLUG |
STRAIGHT |
e4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
COMMERCIAL |
MALE |
NO |
.276 inch |
1000000000 ohm |
.6 dB |
NO |
.276 inch |
GOLD |
.555 inch |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
1 |
GOLD |
1 |
BOARD |
50 ohm |
RF SMB/SSMB Connectors |
BRASS |
SOLDER |
JACK |
RIGHT ANGLE |
COAX |
e4 |
.155 inch |
LOCKING |
4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
APPLICABLE CABLE: RG-316U/D |
CABLE |
CRIMP |
PLUG |
STRAIGHT |
e4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE |
YES |
NO |
GOLD |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
GOLD |
APPLICABLE CABLES: RG-174/U; RG-188A/U; RG-316/U |
CABLE AND PANEL |
CRIMP |
JACK |
STRAIGHT |
e4 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE |
YES |
NO |
GOLD |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
BOARD AND PANEL |
50 ohm |
SOLDER |
RECEPTACLE |
STRAIGHT |
e4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
2FA1-N |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE |
NO |
.3 dB |
NO |
GOLD |
YES |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
STANDARD: MIL-C-39012, INSERTION LOSS MAX AT 1.5 GHZ, VSWR MAX AT 10 GHZ, APPLICABLE CABLE: RG-174 |
1.5 |
CABLE |
50 ohm |
SOLDER |
PLUG |
RIGHT ANGLE |
e4 |
4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
FEMALE |
NO |
.3 dB |
NO |
GOLD |
YES |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NO |
NO |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
STANDARD: MIL-C-39012, INSERTION LOSS MAX AT 1.5 GHZ, VSWR MAX AT 10 GHZ, APPLICABLE CABLE: RG-178 |
1.5 |
CABLE |
50 ohm |
SOLDER |
PLUG |
RIGHT ANGLE |
e4 |
4 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE |
1131VAC |
NO |
NO |
.32 inch |
GOLD |
.803 inch |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
125 |
NO |
NO |
-65 Cel |
TIN |
1 |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
POLARIZED, VSWR MAX AT: 3 GHZ |
1.5 |
1 |
100 Cycles |
BOARD |
50 ohm |
ZINC ALLOY |
SOLDER |
PLUG |
RIGHT ANGLE |
COAX |
e4 |
.126 inch |
6 GHz |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
FA1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE |
1131VAC |
NO |
NO |
.32 inch |
NOT APPLICABLE |
.803 inch |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
125 |
NO |
NO |
-65 Cel |
TIN |
1 |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
POLARIZED, VSWR MAX AT: 3 GHZ |
1.5 |
1 |
100 Cycles |
BOARD |
50 ohm |
ZINC ALLOY |
SOLDER |
PLUG |
RIGHT ANGLE |
COAX |
.126 inch |
6 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
GENERAL PURPOSE |
MALE |
1131VAC |
NO |
NO |
.32 inch |
NOT APPLICABLE |
.803 inch |
NO |
SNAP |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
125 |
NO |
NO |
-65 Cel |
TIN |
1 |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
POLARIZED, VSWR MAX AT: 3 GHZ |
1.5 |
1 |
100 Cycles |
BOARD |
50 ohm |
ZINC ALLOY |
SOLDER |
PLUG |
RIGHT ANGLE |
COAX |
.126 inch |
6 GHz |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
FA1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
FA1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
FA1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amphenol |
RF SMB CONNECTOR |
COMMERCIAL |
FEMALE |
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
NICKEL |
1 |
NATURAL |
1 |
CABLE |
RF SMB/SSMB Connectors |
BRASS |
RG-174/U |
CRIMP |
FA1 |
PLUG |
STRAIGHT |
COAX |
LOCKING |
SSMB connectors are a type of miniature RF (radio frequency) connector that is similar in design to SMB (sub-miniature version B) connectors. They are commonly used in applications that require a reliable and high-performance RF connection in a small space.
SSMB connectors consist of a male and female connector, with the male connector featuring a center pin that plugs into the female connector, which has a socket to receive the pin. They are typically available in 50 ohm and 75 ohm versions, and can be used for both DC and high-frequency signals.
One advantage of SSMB connectors is their small size, which makes them ideal for applications where space is limited. They are also designed to provide a stable and reliable connection, with a secure mating mechanism to ensure a stable connection.
SSMB connectors are commonly used in a variety of industrial and commercial applications, including telecommunications, medical devices, and aerospace and defense equipment. They may be subject to rigorous testing and qualification requirements to ensure their reliability and performance.