FLAT Zener Diodes 2,400+

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Part	Manufacturer	Diode Type	Terminal Position	Terminal Form	No. of Terminals	Surface Mount	Package Shape	Package Body Material	Working Test Current	Config	Maximum Voltage Temperature Coefficient	Nominal Reference Voltage	Maximum Forward Voltage (VF)	Technology	Maximum Reverse Current	No. of Elements	Reverse Test Voltage	Package Style (Meter)	Sub-Category	Maximum Voltage Tolerance	Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage	Maximum Knee Impedance	Maximum Operating Temperature	Maximum Dynamic Impedance	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Polarity	Case Connection	Qualification	Maximum Power Dissipation	Additional Features	JEDEC-95 Code	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Diode Element Material	Reference Standard
BZT585B15TQ-13	Diodes Incorporated	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	13.2 mV/Cel	15 V	1.1 V	ZENER	.05 uA	1	10.5 V	SMALL OUTLINE		2 %	10.5 V	200 ohm	150 Cel	15 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.35 W	HIGH RELIABILITY		e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
MM3Z15VCW	Secos	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		15 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE		5 %						MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2		UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.2 W			e3			SILICON
BZD27C200PWH	Taiwan Semiconductor	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	.13 mV/Cel	200 V		ZENER	1 uA	1	150 V	SMALL OUTLINE		5 %		8000 ohm	175 Cel	750 ohm	-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			1 W			e3			SILICON
BZB984-C12,115	NXP Semiconductors	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	COMMON ANODE, 2 ELEMENTS		12 V		ZENER		2		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %			150 Cel	25 ohm		TIN	R-PDSO-F3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.425 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
BZT52C5V1S-TP	Micro Commercial Components	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		5.1 V		ZENER	.002 uA	1		SMALL OUTLINE		5.88 %		480 ohm	150 Cel	60 ohm	-65 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn)	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.2 W			e3	10	260	SILICON
BZT52C6V2TQ-13-F	Diodes Incorporated	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	3.7 mV/Cel	6.2 V	.9 V	ZENER	3 uA	1	4 V	SMALL OUTLINE		6.45 %		150 ohm	150 Cel	10 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.3 W	HIGH RELIABILITY		e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
SZMM5Z4V7T5G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		4.7 V	.9 V	ZENER	3 uA	1	2 V	SMALL OUTLINE		6.38 %		800 ohm	150 Cel	80 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
BZX84J-C13,115	NXP Semiconductors	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		13 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %			150 Cel	10 ohm		TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.55 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
BZD27B33P-M3-08	Vishay Intertechnology	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	25 mA	SINGLE		33 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE		2 %			175 Cel		-65 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn)	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.8 W		DO-219AB	e3	30	260	SILICON
BZT52-C6V2S	Panjit International	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		6.2 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %			150 Cel	200 ohm	-55 Cel		R-PDSO-F2		UNIDIRECTIONAL			.2 W				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	SILICON
BZT52C12T-TP	Micro Commercial Components	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		12 V		ZENER	.0001 uA	1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5.39 %		150 ohm	175 Cel	25 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.2 W			e3	10	260	SILICON
BZT585B15TQ-7	Diodes Incorporated	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	13.2 mV/Cel	15 V	1.1 V	ZENER	.05 uA	1	10.5 V	SMALL OUTLINE		2 %	10.5 V	200 ohm	150 Cel	15 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.35 W	HIGH RELIABILITY		e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
MM5Z3V6B	Diotec Semiconductor Ag	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	-5 mV/Cel	3.72 V		ZENER	10 uA	1	1 V	SMALL OUTLINE		3.29 %			150 Cel	100 ohm	-55 Cel		R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.3 W	LOW LEAKAGE CURRENT					SILICON
MM5Z6V2T1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		6.2 V	.9 V	ZENER	3 uA	1	4 V	SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	6.45 %		100 ohm	150 Cel	10 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
SZMM5Z7V5T1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		7.5 V	.9 V	ZENER	1 uA	1	5 V	SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	2 %		160 ohm	150 Cel	15 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
BZX584C15-V-G-08	Vishay Intertechnology	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		15 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %			150 Cel	10 ohm			R-PDSO-F2		UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.2 W						SILICON
DZ9F3V6S92-7	Diodes Incorporated	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	0 mV/Cel	3.6 V		ZENER	10 uA	1	1 V	SMALL OUTLINE		5 %		1000 ohm	150 Cel	100 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.2 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
SZMM5Z5V6T1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		5.6 V	.9 V	ZENER	1 uA	1	2 V	SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	2 %		200 ohm	150 Cel	40 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
BZD27C36PWH	Taiwan Semiconductor	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	10 mA	SINGLE	.12 mV/Cel	36 V		ZENER	1 uA	1	27 V	SMALL OUTLINE		5 %		1000 ohm	175 Cel	40 ohm	-55 Cel		R-PDSO-F2		UNIDIRECTIONAL			1 W						SILICON
BZT52C5V1T-TP	Micro Commercial Components	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		5.1 V		ZENER	.002 uA	1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5.88 %		480 ohm	175 Cel	60 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.2 W			e3	10	260	SILICON
MM3Z5V1B	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		5.1 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	2 %			150 Cel	56 ohm		Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.2 W			e3	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	SILICON
MM5Z5V1B	Diotec Semiconductor Ag	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	2 mV/Cel	5.09 V		ZENER	2 uA	1	1.5 V	SMALL OUTLINE		2.16 %			150 Cel	80 ohm	-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.3 W	LOW LEAKAGE CURRENT		e3	10	260	SILICON
MM5Z7V5T1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		7.5 V	.9 V	ZENER	1 uA	1	5 V	SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	6.04 %		160 ohm	150 Cel	15 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
BZT585B3V3T-7	Diodes Incorporated	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		3.3 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE		2 %			150 Cel		-65 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn)	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.35 W	HIGH RELIABILITY		e3	30	260	SILICON
BZX84J-C3V3,115	NXP Semiconductors	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		3.3 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %			150 Cel	95 ohm		TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.55 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
MM3Z18V-C	Secos	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		18 V		ZENER	.045 uA	1	12.6 V	SMALL OUTLINE		5 %		212 ohm	150 Cel	45 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.2 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
MM3Z18VC	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		18 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %			150 Cel	42 ohm		Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.2 W			e3	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	SILICON
MM3Z3V9-C	Secos	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		3.9 V		ZENER	2.7 uA	1	1 V	SMALL OUTLINE		5 %		564 ohm	150 Cel	90 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.2 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
MM3Z3V9C	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		3.9 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %			150 Cel	84 ohm		Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.2 W			e3	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	SILICON
MM5Z15VT5G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		15 V	.9 V	ZENER	.05 uA	1	10.5 V	SMALL OUTLINE		4.98 %		80 ohm	150 Cel	30 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
SZMM5Z10VT1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		10 V	.9 V	ZENER	.1 uA	1	8 V	SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	2 %		160 ohm	150 Cel	20 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
BZX84J-B3V6,115	NXP Semiconductors	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		3.6 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	2 %			150 Cel	90 ohm		TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.55 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
DFLZ27-7	Diodes Incorporated	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	25 mA	SINGLE		27 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	7.04 %			150 Cel	3 ohm	-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	CATHODE	Not Qualified	1 W	HIGH RELIABILITY		e3	30	260	SILICON
DZ2404700L	Panasonic	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	20 mA	SINGLE		4.7 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	4.99 %			85 Cel	60 ohm	-40 Cel		R-PDSO-F2		UNIDIRECTIONAL			2 W				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	SILICON
PLZ20D-G3/H	Vishay Intertechnology	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	10 mA	SINGLE		20 V	.9 V	ZENER	.2 uA	1	15 V	SMALL OUTLINE		2.47 %			150 Cel	28 ohm		Matte Tin (Sn)	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.34 W		DO-219AC	e3	30	260	SILICON	IEC-61000-4-2, 4-5
MM5Z5V1B-AQ	Diotec Semiconductor Ag	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	.2 mV/Cel	5.1 V		ZENER	2 uA	1	1.5 V	SMALL OUTLINE		2 %			150 Cel		-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.3 W			e3	10	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
UDZSTE-176.2B	ROHM	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		6.2 V		ZENER	1 uA	1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	2.18 %		100 ohm	125 Cel	60 ohm		TIN SILVER COPPER	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.2 W			e1	10	260	SILICON
BZX84J-C15,115	NXP Semiconductors	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		15 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %			150 Cel	15 ohm		TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.55 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
TDZ3V3J,115	NXP Semiconductors	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		3.3 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	2.12 %			150 Cel	95 ohm	-55 Cel	TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101; IEC-60134
BZD27C10P-E3-08	Vishay Intertechnology	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	50 mA	SINGLE		10 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE		6 %			150 Cel		-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.8 W		DO-219AB	e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
BZD27C5V6P-HE3-08	Vishay Intertechnology	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	100 mA	SINGLE		5.6 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE		7.14 %			150 Cel		-55 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn)	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.8 W		DO-219AB	e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
BZX585-B15,115	NXP Semiconductors	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		15 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	2 %			150 Cel	200 ohm	-65 Cel	TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.3 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
MM5Z4V7T5G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		4.7 V	.9 V	ZENER	3 uA	1	2 V	SMALL OUTLINE		6.38 %		800 ohm	150 Cel	80 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
BZD27C8V2P-HE3-08	Vishay Intertechnology	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	100 mA	SINGLE		8.2 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE		6.1 %			150 Cel		-55 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn)	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.8 W		DO-219AB	e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
MM3Z5V6-C	Secos	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		5.6 V		ZENER	.9 uA	1	2 V	SMALL OUTLINE		5 %		376 ohm	150 Cel	40 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.2 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
MM3Z5V6C	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		5.6 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %			150 Cel	37 ohm		Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.2 W			e3	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	SILICON
MM5Z4V7T1	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		4.7 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	6.38 %			150 Cel	80 ohm		TIN	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		Not Qualified	.2 W			e3		260	SILICON
BZD27C7V5P-E3-08	Vishay Intertechnology	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	FLAT	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	100 mA	SINGLE		7.5 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE		6.04 %			150 Cel		-55 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn)	R-PDSO-F2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL			.8 W		DO-219AB	e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101

Zener Diodes

Zener diodes are electronic components that are designed to operate in the reverse breakdown region of their P-N junction, providing a stable and predictable voltage output. They are commonly used in electronic circuits as voltage regulators, voltage references, and surge protectors.

Zener diodes operate based on the properties of their P-N junction, which is designed to have a narrow depletion region and a low breakdown voltage. When a reverse voltage is applied to the diode, the depletion region widens, allowing a small reverse current to flow. As the voltage across the diode increases, the reverse current increases exponentially, maintaining a stable voltage across the diode.

Zener diodes offer several advantages over other types of voltage regulators, such as simplicity, low cost, and high efficiency. They do not require any external components, such as capacitors or inductors, and they can provide a stable output voltage over a wide range of input voltages and temperatures.

Zener diodes are commonly used in electronic circuits that require a stable voltage source, such as power supplies, battery chargers, and voltage regulators. They come in different package sizes and voltage ratings, depending on the application and the required performance.