GULL WING Zener Diodes 2,400+

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Part	Manufacturer	Diode Type	Terminal Position	Terminal Form	No. of Terminals	Surface Mount	Package Shape	Package Body Material	Working Test Current	Config	Maximum Voltage Temperature Coefficient	Nominal Reference Voltage	Maximum Forward Voltage (VF)	Technology	Maximum Reverse Current	No. of Elements	Reverse Test Voltage	Package Style (Meter)	Sub-Category	Maximum Voltage Tolerance	Maximum Knee Impedance	Maximum Operating Temperature	Maximum Dynamic Impedance	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Polarity	Qualification	Maximum Power Dissipation	Additional Features	JEDEC-95 Code	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Diode Element Material	Reference Standard
MMSZ5242B-TP	Micro Commercial Components	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	20 mA	SINGLE	9.24 mV/Cel	10 V	.9 V	ZENER	.001 uA	1	9.1 V	SMALL OUTLINE		5 %	600 ohm	150 Cel	30 ohm	-55 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn)	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.5 W			e3	10	260	SILICON
MMSZ5245B-G3-08	Vishay Intertechnology	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	8.5 mA	SINGLE		15 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE		5 %		150 Cel		-55 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn)	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.5 W			e3	10	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
MMSZ5260BT1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	3 mA	SINGLE		43 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel	93 ohm	-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
PDZ5.6B,115	NXP Semiconductors	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	1.9 mV/Cel	5.6 V		ZENER	1 uA	1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	2.23 %		150 Cel			TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.4 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
SZBZX84C7V5LT1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		7.5 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	6.04 %		150 Cel	15 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.25 W		TO-236AB	e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
SZMMSZ4693T1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	.05 mA	SINGLE		7.5 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel		-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
BZT52C6V2-E3-08	Vishay Intertechnology	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	.7 mV/Cel	6.2 V		ZENER	.1 uA	1	2 V	SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %	150 ohm	150 Cel	10 ohm	-55 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn)	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.5 W			e3	10	260	SILICON
BZX84C4V3	Vishay Intertechnology	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		4.3 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel	90 ohm		MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.3 W			e3	10	260	SILICON
BZX84-C4V3	NXP Semiconductors	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		4.3 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel	90 ohm	-65 Cel	TIN	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.25 W		TO-236AB	e3	30	260	SILICON
BZX84C5V1LYFHT116	ROHM	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	2.6 mV/Cel	5.1 V		ZENER	2 uA	1	2 V	SMALL OUTLINE		5.9 %		150 Cel	60 ohm		TIN	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.25 W	HIGH RELIABILITY		e3			SILICON	AEC-Q101
MM3Z6V2ST1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		6.2 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	2.18 %		150 Cel	10 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.3 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
MMSZ4689-HE3-08	Vishay Intertechnology	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	.05 mA	SINGLE		5.1 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel		-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.5 W			e3			SILICON	AEC-Q101
SZMMSZ4V7T1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		4.7 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel	80 ohm	-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
BZT52-C12J	Nexperia	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	10 mV/Cel	12.05 V		ZENER	.1 uA	1	8 V	SMALL OUTLINE		5.39 %	90 ohm	150 Cel	10 ohm	-55 Cel	TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.35 W			e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101; IEC-60134
BZX84-C3V0,215	NXP Semiconductors	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	0 mV/Cel	3 V		ZENER	10 uA	1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel	95 ohm	-65 Cel	TIN	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.25 W		TO-236AB	e3	30	260	SILICON
SZMMBZ5248BLT1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	7 mA	SINGLE		18 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel	21 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.225 W		TO-236AB	e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
SZMMSZ5253BT1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		25 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE		5 %		150 Cel		-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
BZT52C3V3-E3-18	Vishay Intertechnology	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	-.3 mV/Cel	3.3 V		ZENER	5 uA	1	1 V	SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %	500 ohm	150 Cel	95 ohm	-55 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn)	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.5 W			e3	10	260	SILICON
BZX384C4V7-E3-08	Vishay Intertechnology	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		4.7 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel	80 ohm	-55 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn)	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.2 W			e3			SILICON
BZX84C12LT1	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		12 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5.39 %		150 Cel	25 ohm	-65 Cel	TIN LEAD	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.225 W		TO-236AB	e0		235	SILICON	UL RECOGNIZED
BZX84C3V9LT116	ROHM	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		3.9 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE		5.13 %		150 Cel				R-PDSO-G3		UNIDIRECTIONAL		.25 W	HIGH RELIABILITY			10	260	SILICON
MMSZ43T1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	2 mA	SINGLE		43 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel	150 ohm	-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON	UL RECOGNIZED
MMSZ5228B-7-F	Diodes Incorporated	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	20 mA	SINGLE		3.9 V	.9 V	ZENER	10 uA	1	1 V	SMALL OUTLINE		4.99 %	1900 ohm	150 Cel	23 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.37 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
SZMMSZ4694T1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	.05 mA	SINGLE		8.2 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel		-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
SZMMSZ5247BT1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	7.4 mA	SINGLE		17 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel	19 ohm	-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
BZX84C16VLYT116	ROHM	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	14.3 mV/Cel	16 V		ZENER	.1 uA	1	11 V	SMALL OUTLINE		5.56 %		150 Cel	40 ohm		TIN	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.25 W	HIGH RELIABILITY		e3			SILICON
BZX84C18VLYFHT116	ROHM	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	15.8 mV/Cel	18 V		ZENER	.1 uA	1	13 V	SMALL OUTLINE		6.41 %		150 Cel	45 ohm		TIN	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.25 W	HIGH RELIABILITY		e3			SILICON	AEC-Q101
BZX84C3V6-E3-08	Vishay Intertechnology	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	-.3 mV/Cel	3.6 V		ZENER	5 uA	1	1 V	SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %	600 ohm	150 Cel	90 ohm	-55 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn)	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.5 W			e3	10	260	SILICON
BZX84C5V6LYT116	ROHM	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	3.1 mV/Cel	5.6 V		ZENER	1 uA	1	2 V	SMALL OUTLINE		7.14 %		150 Cel	40 ohm		TIN	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.25 W	HIGH RELIABILITY		e3			SILICON
BZX84C6V8LYFHT116	ROHM	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	4.5 mV/Cel	6.8 V		ZENER	2 uA	1	4 V	SMALL OUTLINE		5.9 %		150 Cel	15 ohm		TIN	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.25 W	HIGH RELIABILITY		e3			SILICON	AEC-Q101
MMSZ5236BT1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	20 mA	SINGLE		7.5 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel	6 ohm	-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
MMSZ5266BT1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	1.8 mA	SINGLE		68 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel	230 ohm	-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
AZ23C5V6-7-F	Diodes Incorporated	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	COMMON ANODE, 2 ELEMENTS		5.6 V		ZENER		2		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	7.14 %		150 Cel	40 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.3 W	HIGH RELIABILITY		e3	40	260	SILICON
MMSZ4690-T1	Won-top Electronics	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	.05 mA	SINGLE		5.6 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel			Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.5 W			e0	30	235	SILICON	UL RECOGNIZED
MMSZ4690T1	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	.05 mA	SINGLE		5.6 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel			Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.5 W			e0	30	235	SILICON	UL RECOGNIZED
SZBZX84C15LT3G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		15 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	6.12 %		150 Cel	30 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.25 W		TO-236AB	e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
SZMMBZ5250BLT1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	6.2 mA	SINGLE		20 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel	25 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.225 W		TO-236AB	e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
SZMMSZ6V8T1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		6.8 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel	15 ohm	-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
BZX84-B12,215	NXP Semiconductors	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	10 mV/Cel	12 V		ZENER	.1 uA	1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	2 %		150 Cel	25 ohm	-65 Cel	TIN	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.25 W		TO-236AB	e3	30	260	SILICON
BZX84B27_R1_00001	Panjit International	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA			27 V		ZENER				SMALL OUTLINE		2 %					MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G3		UNIDIRECTIONAL		.41 W			e3	40	260	SILICON
BZX84C3V9W-7-F	Diodes Incorporated	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		3.9 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5.13 %		125 Cel	90 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.2 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
MMSZ6V2T1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		6.2 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel	10 ohm	-55 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.5 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
SZMMBZ5232BLT1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	20 mA	SINGLE		5.6 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel	11 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.225 W		TO-236AB	e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
BZT52-C3V9J	Nexperia	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	0 mV/Cel	3.9 V		ZENER	3 uA	1	1 V	SMALL OUTLINE		5.13 %	500 ohm	150 Cel	95 ohm	-55 Cel	TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.35 W			e3	30	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101; IEC-60134
BZX84C4V7-HE3-08	Vishay Intertechnology	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		4.7 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	5 %		150 Cel	80 ohm		Matte Tin (Sn)	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL		.3 W			e3	10	260	SILICON	AEC-Q101
MM3Z10VST1G	Onsemi	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE		10 V		ZENER		1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	2 %		150 Cel	15 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.3 W			e3	30	260	SILICON
PLVA650A,215	NXP Semiconductors	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	3	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	.25 mA	SINGLE	.2 mV/Cel	5 V		AVALANCHE	21 uA	1		SMALL OUTLINE	Voltage Reference Diodes	4 %		150 Cel	700 ohm		TIN	R-PDSO-G3	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.25 W	LOW NOISE	TO-236AB	e3	30	260	SILICON
BZT52C2V4-7-F	Diodes Incorporated	ZENER DIODE	DUAL	GULL WING	2	YES	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	5 mA	SINGLE	0 mV/Cel	2.4 V		ZENER	50 uA	1	1 V	SMALL OUTLINE		8.33 %	600 ohm	150 Cel	100 ohm	-65 Cel	MATTE TIN	R-PDSO-G2	1	UNIDIRECTIONAL	Not Qualified	.37 W	HIGH RELIABILITY		e3	30	260	SILICON

Zener Diodes

Zener diodes are electronic components that are designed to operate in the reverse breakdown region of their P-N junction, providing a stable and predictable voltage output. They are commonly used in electronic circuits as voltage regulators, voltage references, and surge protectors.

Zener diodes operate based on the properties of their P-N junction, which is designed to have a narrow depletion region and a low breakdown voltage. When a reverse voltage is applied to the diode, the depletion region widens, allowing a small reverse current to flow. As the voltage across the diode increases, the reverse current increases exponentially, maintaining a stable voltage across the diode.

Zener diodes offer several advantages over other types of voltage regulators, such as simplicity, low cost, and high efficiency. They do not require any external components, such as capacitors or inductors, and they can provide a stable output voltage over a wide range of input voltages and temperatures.

Zener diodes are commonly used in electronic circuits that require a stable voltage source, such as power supplies, battery chargers, and voltage regulators. They come in different package sizes and voltage ratings, depending on the application and the required performance.