BOTTOM Zener Diodes 502

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Diode Type Terminal Position Terminal Form No. of Terminals Surface Mount Package Shape Package Body Material Working Test Current Config Maximum Voltage Temperature Coefficient Nominal Reference Voltage Maximum Output Current Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Reverse Power Dissipation Maximum Forward Voltage (VF) Nominal Breakdown Voltage Maximum Reverse Recovery Time Technology Maximum Reverse Current No. of Elements Reverse Test Voltage Package Style (Meter) Sub-Category Maximum Voltage Tolerance Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage Maximum Knee Impedance Maximum Operating Temperature Maximum Dynamic Impedance Minimum Operating Temperature Terminal Finish JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Polarity Case Connection Qualification Maximum Power Dissipation Additional Features JEDEC-95 Code Maximum Clamping Voltage Minimum Breakdown Voltage Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Diode Element Material Maximum Breakdown Voltage Reference Standard

934061669315

Nexperia

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

5.6 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

5 %

150 Cel

TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101; IEC-60134

934057205315

Nexperia

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

11 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

2 %

150 Cel

TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101; IEC-60134

934061672315

Nexperia

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

6.8 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

2 %

150 Cel

TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101; IEC-60134

934061668315

Nexperia

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

5.6 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

2 %

150 Cel

TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101; IEC-60134

934057213315

Nexperia

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

3.9 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

5 %

150 Cel

TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101; IEC-60134

934061652315

Nexperia

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

2.7 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

2 %

150 Cel

TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101; IEC-60134

TPD6V8LP-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

SINGLE

6.8 V

6.8 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Transient Suppressors

5.88 %

5 V

150 Cel

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Not Qualified

.25 W

19 V

e4

30

260

SILICON

GDZ22LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

22 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

5 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

260

SILICON

GDZ6V0LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

6 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

5.4 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e3

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101

GDZ12LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

12 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

5 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

260

SILICON

GDZ9V1LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

9.1 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

5 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

260

SILICON

GDZ6V2LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

6.2 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

5.41 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e3

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101

GDZ24LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

24 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

5 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

260

SILICON

GDZ15LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

15 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

5 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

260

SILICON

GDZ2V7LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

2.7 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

4.99 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

260

SILICON

GDZ11LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

11 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

5 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

260

SILICON

GDZ5V1LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

5.1 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

5.19 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e3

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101

GDZ6V8LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

6.8 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

4.92 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e3

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101

GDZ18LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

18 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

5 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

260

SILICON

GDZ20LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

20 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

5 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

260

SILICON

GDZ5V6LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

5.6 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

5.43 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e3

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101

GDZ13LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

13 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

5 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

260

SILICON

GDZ7V5LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

7.5 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

5.23 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e3

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101

GDZ8V2LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

8.2 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

5.37 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e3

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101

GDZ10LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

10 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

5 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

260

SILICON

GDZ4V3LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

4.3 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

5.23 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

260

SILICON

BZT52C7V5LP-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

7.5 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

6.04 %

150 Cel

15 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Not Qualified

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e4

260

SILICON

BZT52C7V5LP-7B

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

7.5 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

6.04 %

150 Cel

15 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e4

30

260

SILICON

BZT52C20LP-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

20 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

6 %

150 Cel

55 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Not Qualified

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e4

30

260

SILICON

BZT52C2V4LP-7B

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

2.4 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

8.33 %

150 Cel

100 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e4

30

260

SILICON

BZT52C39LP-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

2 mA

SINGLE

39 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

5.13 %

150 Cel

130 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Not Qualified

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e4

30

260

SILICON

BZT52C4V3LP-7B

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

4.3 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

6.98 %

150 Cel

90 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e4

30

260

SILICON

GDZ3V9LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

3.9 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

5.32 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

30

260

SILICON

BZT52C10LP-7B

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

10 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

6 %

150 Cel

20 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e4

30

260

SILICON

BZT52C3V9LP-7B

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

3.9 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

5.13 %

150 Cel

90 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e4

30

260

SILICON

BZT52C13LPQ-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

11 mV/Cel

13 V

ZENER

.1 uA

1

8 V

CHIP CARRIER

8.9 %

170 ohm

150 Cel

30 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e4

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101; IATF 16949

GDZ3V6LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

3.6 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

5.28 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

260

SILICON

BZT52C16LPQ-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

14 mV/Cel

16 V

ZENER

.1 uA

1

11.2 V

CHIP CARRIER

8.14 %

200 ohm

150 Cel

40 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e4

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101; IATF 16949

GDZ4V1LP3-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

4.1 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

5.3 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e3

260

SILICON

BZT52C3V0LP-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

3 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

6.67 %

150 Cel

95 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Not Qualified

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e4

30

260

SILICON

BZT52C9V1LP-7B

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

9.1 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

6.08 %

150 Cel

15 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e4

30

260

SILICON

BZT52C2V7LP-7B

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

2.7 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

7.41 %

150 Cel

100 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e4

30

260

SILICON

BZT52C16LP-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

16 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

5.56 %

150 Cel

40 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Not Qualified

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e4

260

SILICON

BZT52C22LP-7B

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

22 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

5.67 %

150 Cel

55 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e4

30

260

SILICON

BZT52C3V6LP-7B

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

3.6 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

5.56 %

150 Cel

90 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e4

30

260

SILICON

BZT52C13LP-7B

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

13 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

6.42 %

150 Cel

30 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e4

30

260

SILICON

BZT52C9V1LPQ-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

7 mV/Cel

9.1 V

.9 V

ZENER

.5 uA

1

6 V

CHIP CARRIER

7.53 %

100 ohm

150 Cel

15 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

e4

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101; IATF 16949

BZT52C8V2LP-7B

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

8.2 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

6.1 %

150 Cel

15 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e4

30

260

SILICON

Zener Diodes

Zener diodes are electronic components that are designed to operate in the reverse breakdown region of their P-N junction, providing a stable and predictable voltage output. They are commonly used in electronic circuits as voltage regulators, voltage references, and surge protectors.

Zener diodes operate based on the properties of their P-N junction, which is designed to have a narrow depletion region and a low breakdown voltage. When a reverse voltage is applied to the diode, the depletion region widens, allowing a small reverse current to flow. As the voltage across the diode increases, the reverse current increases exponentially, maintaining a stable voltage across the diode.

Zener diodes offer several advantages over other types of voltage regulators, such as simplicity, low cost, and high efficiency. They do not require any external components, such as capacitors or inductors, and they can provide a stable output voltage over a wide range of input voltages and temperatures.

Zener diodes are commonly used in electronic circuits that require a stable voltage source, such as power supplies, battery chargers, and voltage regulators. They come in different package sizes and voltage ratings, depending on the application and the required performance.