HPE Computer Processors 2,400+

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Brand Name Product Line Product Model Product Type Processor Generation Number of Monitors Supported Graphics Memory Technology Packing Limited Warranty Bus Speed L3 Cache Product Series Maximum Memory Supported Packaged Quantity Memory Technology HyperTransport Speed (GT/s) Direct Media Interface L2 Cache Model Compatibility Graphics Controller Model Thermal Specification Length Shipping Weight (Approximate) Processor Core Brand Compatibility Product Color Thermal Design Power Cooler Type Processor Technology Processor Manufacturer Intel Optane Memory Ready Environmental Certification Environmentally Friendly Maximum Cache Level Clock Speed Platform Supported Depth Process Technology Width Package Type L1 Cache HyperTransport Speed (MHz) Overclocking Speed Energy Star Processor Socket QuickPath Interconnect Graphics Controller Manufacturer Weight (Approximate) Product Condition 64-bit Processing Input Voltage Front Side Bus Processor Threads Maximum Cache Height HyperTransport Speed (MT/s) Product Name Integrated Graphics Intel Optane Memory Capacity Country of Origin

712726-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2650 v2

Processor Upgrade

20 MB

E5-2600 v2

2 MB

75 °C

Octa-core (8 Core)

95 W

Turbo Boost Technology 2.0, vPro Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology, Virtualization Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Demand Based Switching, Thermal Monitoring Technology

Intel

2.6 GHz

PC

5.25 cm

22 nm

4.5 cm

512 KB

3.4 GHz

Socket R LGA-2011

8 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Octa-core E5-2650 v2 2.6GHz Server Processor Upgrade

611143-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon DP

X5650

Processor Upgrade

12 MB

5600

1.5 MB

81.3 °C

Hexa-core (6 Core)

95 W

Turbo Boost Technology, Virtualization Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology

Intel

2.66 GHz

PC

32 nm

384 KB

Socket B LGA-1366

6.4 GT/s

Yes

Xeon DP Hexa-core 2.66GHz Processor Upgrade

830738-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2667 v4

Processor Upgrade

25 MB

E5-2600 v4

2.04800 MB

78 °C

Octa-core (8 Core)

135 W

Intel

3.2 GHz

51 mm

14 nm

52.5 mm

3.6 GHz

Socket LGA 2011-v3

9.6 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Octa-core E5-2667 v4 3.2GHz Server Processor Upgrade

654768-B21#0D1

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2630

Processor Upgrade

15 MB

E5-2600

1.5 MB

77.4 °C

Hexa-core (6 Core)

95 W

Turbo Boost Technology 2.0, vPro Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology, Virtualization Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Demand Based Switching, Thermal Monitoring Technology

Intel

2.3 GHz

PC

52.5 mm

32 nm

45 mm

384 KB

Socket R LGA-2011

7.2 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Hexa-core E5-2630 2.3GHz Processor Upgrade

P11822-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon Gold

6262V

Processor Upgrade

2nd Gen

91 °C

Tetracosa-core (24 Core)

135 W

Intel

1.9 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76.0 mm

3.6 GHz

Socket 3647

Yes

48

Xeon Gold Tetracosa-core 6262V 1.9GHz Server Processor Upgrade

878655-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

8156

Processor Upgrade

16.5 MB

Platinum

4 MB

71 °C

Quad-core (4 Core)

105 W

Intel

3.6 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76 mm

3.7 GHz

Socket 3647

Yes

Xeon Platinum Quad-core 8156 3.60GHz FIO Server Processor Upgrade

665879-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2440

Processor Upgrade

15 MB

E5-2400

1.5 MB

Hexa-core (6 Core)

95 W

Turbo Boost Technology 2.0, vPro Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology, Virtualization Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Demand Based Switching, Thermal Monitoring Technology

Intel

2.4 GHz

PC

45 mm

32 nm

42.5 mm

Socket B2 LGA-1356

7.2 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Processor E5-2440

518860-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Opteron

6174

Processor Upgrade

12 MB

6100

6 MB

64 °C

Dodeca-core (12 Core)

80 W

AMD64 Technology, CoolCore Technology, Virtualization Technology, HyperTransport Technology, AMD PowerNow! Technology

AMD

2.2 GHz

PC

45 nm

1.5 MB

6400

Socket G34 LGA-1974

Yes

Opteron Dodeca-core 6174 2.2GHz Processor Upgrade

818182-B21#0D1

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2697A v4

Processor Upgrade

40 MB

E5-2600 v4

1

4096 KB

78 °C

Hexadeca-core (16 Core)

145 W

Intel

2.6 GHz

51 mm

14 nm

52.5 mm

3.6 GHz

Socket R LGA-2011

9.6 GT/s

Yes

Xeon hexadeca-core E5-2697A v4 2.6 GHz Server Processor Upgrade

878653-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

6154

Processor Upgrade

24.75 MB

Gold

18 MB

82 °C

Octadeca-core (18 Core)

200 W

Intel

3 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76 mm

3.7 GHz

Socket 3647

Yes

Xeon Gold Octadeca-core 6154 3.00GHz FIO Server Processor Upgrade

830289-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-4667 v4

Processor Upgrade

45 MB

E5-4600 v4

5 GT/s

4.5 MB

87 °C

Octadeca-core (18 Core)

135 W

Intel

2.2 GHz

45 mm

14 nm

52.5 mm

3 GHz

Socket LGA 2011-v3

9.6 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Octadeca-core E5-4667 v4 2.2GHz Server Processor Upgrade

P18506-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon Gold

5218R

Processor Upgrade

2nd Gen

27.5 MB

87 °C

Icosa-core (20 Core)

125 W

Intel

2.1 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76 mm

4 GHz

Socket P LGA-3647

Yes

40

Xeon Gold Icosa-core 5218R 2.10 GHz Server Processor Upgrade

878150-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

8160

Processor Upgrade

33 MB

Platinum

24 MB

85 °C

Tetracosa-core (24 Core)

150 W

Intel

2.1 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76 mm

3.7 GHz

Socket 3647

Yes

Xeon Platinum Tetracosa-core 8160 2.10GHz FIO Server Processor Upgrade

654780-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2603

Processor Upgrade

10 MB

E5-2600

1 MB

70 °C

Quad-core (4 Core)

80 W

vPro Technology, Virtualization Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Demand Based Switching, Thermal Monitoring Technology

Intel

1.8 GHz

PC

52.5 mm

32 nm

45 mm

256 KB

Socket R LGA-2011

6.4 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Quad-core E5-2603 1.8GHz FIO Processor Upgrade

661134-B21#0D1

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2403

Processor Upgrade

10 MB

E5-2400

1 MB

Quad-core (4 Core)

80 W

vPro Technology, Virtualization Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Demand Based Switching, Thermal Monitoring Technology

Intel

1.8 GHz

PC

45 mm

32 nm

42.5 mm

Socket B2 LGA-1356

6.4 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Processor E5-2403

872137-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon Gold

6144

Processor Upgrade

24.75 MB

8 MB

Octa-core (8 Core)

150 W

Intel

3.5 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76 mm

4.2 GHz

Socket 3647

Yes

Xeon Gold Octa-core 6144 3.5GHz FIO Server Processor Upgrade

715226-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2667 v2

Processor Upgrade

25 MB

E5-2600 v2

2 MB

88 °C

Octa-core (8 Core)

130 W

Turbo Boost Technology 2.0, vPro Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology, Virtualization Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Demand Based Switching, Thermal Monitoring Technology

Intel

3.3 GHz

PC

52.5 mm

22 nm

45 mm

512 KB

4 GHz

Socket R LGA-2011

8 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Octa-core E5-2667 v2 3.3GHz Server Processor Upgrade

687965-001

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-4620

Processor Upgrade

16 MB

E5-4600

5 GT/s

2 MB

Octa-core (8 Core)

95 W

Intel

2.2 GHz

45 mm

32 nm

52.5 mm

2.6 GHz

Socket R LGA-2011

7.2 GT/s

Yes

1.35 V DC

Xeon Octa-core E5-4620 2.2GHz Server Processor Upgrade

P24396-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

EPYC

7272

Processor Upgrade

2nd Gen

64 MB

7002

6 MB

Dodeca-core (12 Core)

120 W

AMD

2.9 GHz

7 nm

3.2 GHz

Socket SP3

Yes

24

EPYC Dodeca-core 7272 2.9 GHz Server Processor Upgrade

793048-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2695 v3

Processor Upgrade

35 MB

E5-2600 v3

5 GT/s

3.5 MB

82.6 °C

Tetradeca-core (14 Core)

120 W

Intel

2.3 GHz

51 mm

22 nm

52.5 mm

3.3 GHz

Socket LGA 2011-v3

9.6 GT/s

Yes

1.3 V DC

Xeon Tetradeca-core E5-2695 v3 2.3GHz Server Processor Upgrade

819856-B21#0D1

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2699 v4

Processor Upgrade

55 MB

E5-2600 v4

5.5 MB

79 °C

Docosa-core (22 Core)

145 W

Intel

2.2 GHz

51 mm

14 nm

52.5 mm

3.6 GHz

Socket R LGA-2011

9.6 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Docosa-core E5-2699 v4 2.2GHz Server Processor Upgrade

781915-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2699 v3

Processor Upgrade

45 MB

E5-2600 v3

5 GT/s

4.5 MB

76.4 °C

Octadeca-core (18 Core)

145 W

Intel

2.3 GHz

51 mm

22 nm

52.5 mm

3.6 GHz

Socket LGA 2011-v3

9.6 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Octadeca-core E5-2699 v3 2.3GHz Server Processor Upgrade

P24217-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon Gold

6230R

Processor Upgrade

2nd Gen

35.75 MB

85 °C

Hexacosa-core (26 Core)

150 W

Intel

2.1 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76 mm

4 GHz

Socket P LGA-3647

Yes

52

Xeon Gold Hexacosa-core 6230R 2.10 GHz Server Processor Upgrade

P18506-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon Gold

5218R

Processor Upgrade

2nd Gen

27.5 MB

87 °C

Icosa-core (20 Core)

125 W

Intel

2.10 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76.0 mm

4.00 GHz

Socket P LGA-3647

Yes

40

Xeon Gold Icosa-core 5218R 2.10 GHz Server FIO Processor Upgrade

662925-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2665

Processor Upgrade

20 MB

E5-2600

2 MB

81.8 °C

Octa-core (8 Core)

115 W

Turbo Boost Technology 2.0, vPro Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology, Virtualization Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Demand Based Switching, Thermal Monitoring Technology

Intel

2.4 GHz

PC

52.5 mm

32 nm

45 mm

512 KB

Socket R LGA-2011

8 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Octa-core E5-2665 2.4GHz FIO Processor Upgrade

P06806-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon Silver

4208

Processor Upgrade

2nd Gen

78 °C

Octa-core (8 Core)

85 W

Intel

2.10 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76.0 mm

3.20 GHz

Socket 3647

Yes

16

Xeon Silver Octa-core 4208 2.1GHz Server Processor Upgrade

P36798-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon Silver

4316

Processor Upgrade

3rd Gen

30 MB

84 °C

Icosa-core (20 Core)

150 W

Intel

2.30 GHz

56.5 mm

10 nm

77.5 mm

3.40 GHz

Socket LGA-4189

Yes

40

Xeon Silver Icosa-core 4316 2.30 GHz Server Processor Upgrade

872560-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

6142

Processor Upgrade

22 MB

Gold

16 MB

85 °C

Hexadeca-core (16 Core)

150 W

Intel

2.6 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76 mm

3.7 GHz

Socket 3647

Yes

Xeon Gold Hexadeca-core 6142 2.60GHz Server Processor Upgrade

P12295-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon Gold

6252N

Processor Upgrade

2nd Gen

35.75 MB

74 °C

Tetracosa-core (24 Core)

150 W

Intel

2.3 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76.0 mm

3.6 GHz

Socket 3647

Yes

48

Xeon Gold Tetracosa-core 6252N 2.3GHz Server Processor Upgrade

718365-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2630L v2

Processor Upgrade

15 MB

E5-2600 v2

5 GT/s

1.5 MB

63 °C

Hexa-core (6 Core)

60 W

Turbo Boost Technology 2.0, vPro Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Thermal Monitoring Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Virtualization Technology, Demand Based Switching

Intel

2.4 GHz

PC

45 mm

22 nm

52.5 mm

384 KB

2.8 GHz

Socket R LGA-2011

7.2 GT/s

Yes

1.3 V DC

Xeon Hexa-core E5-2630L v2 2.4GHz FIO Server Processor Upgrade

P19712-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon Gold

5220R

Processor Upgrade

2nd Gen

35.75 MB

86 °C

Tetracosa-core (24 Core)

150 W

Intel

2.2 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76 mm

4 GHz

Socket P LGA-3647

Yes

48

Xeon Gold Tetracosa-core 5220R 2.20 GHz Server Processor Upgrade

Q9R29A

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon Gold

6146

Processor Upgrade

24.75 MB

6000

12 MB

76 °C

Dodeca-core (12 Core)

165 W

Intel

3.20 GHz

5.65 cm

14 nm

7.6 cm

4.2 GHz

Socket 3647

Yes

Xeon Gold Dodeca-core 6146 3.2GHz Server Processor Upgrade

793046-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2683 v3

Processor Upgrade

35 MB

E5-2600 v3

5 GT/s

3.5 MB

82.5 °C

Tetradeca-core (14 Core)

120 W

Intel

2 GHz

51 mm

22 nm

52.5 mm

3 GHz

Socket LGA 2011-v3

9.6 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Tetradeca-core E5-2683 v3 2GHz Server Processor Upgrade

P38687-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

EPYC

7543

Processor Upgrade

256 MB

7003

Dotriaconta-core (32 Core)

225 W

AMD

2.8 GHz

3.7 GHz

Socket SP3

64

EPYC Dotriaconta-core 7543 2.8GHz Server Processor Upgrade

826107-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-1620 v4

Processor Upgrade

10 MB

E5-1600 v4

5 GT/s

1 MB

69 °C

Quad-core (4 Core)

140 W

Intel

3.5 GHz

45 mm

14 nm

52.5 mm

3.8 GHz

Socket LGA 2011-v3

Yes

Xeon Quad-core E5-1620 v4 3.5GHz Server FIO Processor Upgrade

662327-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2603

Processor Upgrade

10 MB

E5-2600

1 MB

70 °C

Quad-core (4 Core)

80 W

vPro Technology, Virtualization Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Demand Based Switching, Thermal Monitoring Technology

Intel

RoHS

Yes

1.8 GHz

PC

52.5 mm

32 nm

45 mm

256 KB

Socket LGA-2011

6.4 GT/s

Yes

1.35 V DC

Xeon Quad-core E5-2603 1.8GHz Processor Upgrade

826103-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2603 v4

Processor Upgrade

15 MB

E5-2600 v4

1.5 MB

73 °C

Hexa-core (6 Core)

85 W

Intel

1.7 GHz

51 mm

14 nm

52.5 mm

Socket R3 LGA-2011

6.4 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Hexa-core E5-2603 v4 1.7GHz Server FIO Processor Upgrade

783023-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-1650 v3

Processor Upgrade

15 MB

E5-1600 v3

5 GT/s

1.5 MB

66.7 °C

Hexa-core (6 Core)

140 W

Intel

3.5 GHz

45 mm

22 nm

52.5 mm

3.8 GHz

Socket LGA 2011-v3

Yes

Xeon Hexa-core E5-1650 v3 3.5GHz Server Processor Upgrade

625074-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon DP

X5672

Processor Upgrade

12 MB

5600

1 MB

82.9 °C

Quad-core (4 Core)

95 W

Turbo Boost Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology, Virtualization Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology

Intel

3.2 GHz

PC

45 mm

32 nm

42.5 mm

256 KB

Socket B LGA-1366

6.4 GT/s

Yes

Xeon DP Quad-core X5672 3.2GHz FIO Processor Upgrade

682781-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E3-1270 v2

Processor Upgrade

8 MB

E3-1200 v2

5 GT/s

1 MB

Quad-core (4 Core)

69 W

Intel

3.5 GHz

37.5 mm

22 nm

37.5 mm

Socket H2 LGA-1155

Yes

Xeon Quad-core E3-1270 v2 3.5GHz FIO Server Processor Upgrade

866538-B21#0D1

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

5120

Processor Upgrade

19.25 MB

Gold

14 MB

81 °C

Tetradeca-core (14 Core)

105 W

Intel

2.2 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76 mm

3.2 GHz

Socket 3647

Yes

Xeon Gold Tetradeca-core 5120 2.20GHz Server Processor Upgrade

P08920-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon Gold

6252N

Processor Upgrade

2nd Gen

35.75 MB

74 °C

Tetracosa-core (24 Core)

150 W

Intel

2.3 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76 mm

3.6 GHz

Socket 3647

Yes

48

Xeon Gold Tetracosa-core 6252N 2.3GHz Server Processor Upgrade

P07910-B21#0D1

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon Gold

5218

Processor Upgrade

2nd Gen

22 MB

87 °C

Hexadeca-core (16 Core)

125 W

Intel

2.30 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76.0 mm

3.90 GHz

Socket P LGA-3647

Yes

32

Xeon Gold Hexadeca-core 5218 2.30 GHz Server Processor Upgrade

P24177-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon Gold

6258R

Processor Upgrade

2nd Gen

38.5 MB

74 °C

Octacosa-core (28 Core)

205 W

Intel

2.70 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76.0 mm

4.00 GHz

Socket P LGA-3647

Yes

56

Xeon Gold Octacosa-core 6258R 2.70 GHz Server FIO Processor Upgrade

755400-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2695 v3

Processor Upgrade

35 MB

E5-2600 v3

5 GT/s

3.5 MB

82.6 °C

Tetradeca-core (14 Core)

120 W

Intel

2.3 GHz

51 mm

22 nm

52.5 mm

3.3 GHz

Socket LGA 2011-v3

9.6 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Tetradeca-core E5-2695 v3 2.3GHz FIO Server Processor Upgrade

768560-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2603 v3

Processor Upgrade

15 MB

E5-2600 v3

5 GT/s

1.5 MB

72.8 °C

Hexa-core (6 Core)

85 W

Intel

1.6 GHz

45 mm

22 nm

52.5 mm

Socket LGA 2011-v3

6.4 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Hexa-core E5-2603 v3 1.6GHz Server Processor Upgrade

654780-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2603

Processor Upgrade

10 MB

E5-2600

1 MB

70 °C

Quad-core (4 Core)

80 W

vPro Technology, Virtualization Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Demand Based Switching, Thermal Monitoring Technology

Intel

RoHS

Yes

1.8 GHz

PC

52.5 mm

32 nm

45 mm

256 KB

Socket R LGA-2011

6.4 GT/s

Yes

1.35 V DC

Xeon Quad-core E5-2603 1.8GHz Processor Upgrade

817945-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2660 v4

Processor Upgrade

35 MB

E5-2600 v4

3.5 MB

79 °C

Tetradeca-core (14 Core)

105 W

Intel

2 GHz

45 mm

14 nm

52.5 mm

3.2 GHz

Socket LGA 2011-v3

9.6 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Tetradeca-core E5-2660 v4 2GHz Server Processor Upgrade

Computer Processors

Computer Processors, often referred to simply as processors or CPUs (Central Processing Units), are silicon chips that serve as the brain of a computing device. These integrated circuits are responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations in computers, smartphones, tablets, and other electronic devices. Microprocessors come in various architectures and designs, each optimized for specific applications and performance requirements. They typically include features such as multiple cores, advanced instruction sets, and power-saving technologies to deliver optimal performance and efficiency.