Computer Processors

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Brand Name Product Line Product Model Product Type Processor Generation Number of Monitors Supported Graphics Memory Technology Packing Limited Warranty Bus Speed L3 Cache Product Series Maximum Memory Supported Packaged Quantity Memory Technology HyperTransport Speed (GT/s) Direct Media Interface L2 Cache Model Compatibility Graphics Controller Model Thermal Specification Length Shipping Weight (Approximate) Processor Core Brand Compatibility Product Color Thermal Design Power Cooler Type Processor Technology Processor Manufacturer Intel Optane Memory Ready Environmental Certification Environmentally Friendly Maximum Cache Level Clock Speed Platform Supported Depth Process Technology Width Package Type L1 Cache HyperTransport Speed (MHz) Overclocking Speed Energy Star Processor Socket QuickPath Interconnect Graphics Controller Manufacturer Weight (Approximate) Product Condition 64-bit Processing Input Voltage Front Side Bus Processor Threads Maximum Cache Height HyperTransport Speed (MT/s) Product Name Integrated Graphics Intel Optane Memory Capacity Country of Origin

654801-B21#0D1

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Opteron

6212

Processor Upgrade

16 MB

6200

8 MB

71.7 °C

Octa-core (8 Core)

115 W

AMD64 Technology, Turbo CORE Technology, Virtualization Technology

AMD

2.6 GHz

PC

32 nm

384 KB

Socket G34 LGA-1944

Yes

Opteron Octa-core 6212 2.6GHz Server Processor Upgrade

763235-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2603 v3

Processor Upgrade

15 MB

E5-2600 v3

5 GT/s

1.5 MB

72.8 °C

Hexa-core (6 Core)

85 W

Intel

1.6 GHz

45 mm

22 nm

52.5 mm

Socket LGA 2011-v3

6.4 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Hexa-core E5-2603 v3 1.6GHz Server Processor Upgrade

GX349AV

HP Inc.

HP

Core 2 Duo

T8100

Processor Upgrade

800 MHz

3 MB

100 °C

Dual-core (2 Core)

35 W

Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Virtualization Technology

Intel

RoHS

Yes

2.10 GHz

PC

45 nm

Socket PGA-478

Yes

1.237 V DC

800 MHz

Intel Core 2 Duo T8100 2.10GHz Mobile Processor Upgrade

P06547-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon E

E-2136

Processor Upgrade

12 MB

Hexa-core (6 Core)

80 W

Intel

3.3 GHz

37.5 mm

14 nm

37.5 mm

4.5 GHz

Socket H4 LGA-1151

Yes

12

Xeon E Hexacore E-2136 3.3GHz Server Processor Upgrade

801251-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2630L v4

Processor Upgrade

25 MB

E5-2600 v4

1

2.5 MB

62 °C

Deca-core (10 Core)

55 W

Intel

1.8 GHz

51 mm

14 nm

52.5 mm

2.9 GHz

Socket R LGA-2011

8 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Deca-core E5-2630L v4 1.8GHz Server Processor Upgrade

701538-001

HP Inc.

HP

Core i3

i3-3220

Processor Upgrade

3

3 MB

HD Graphics 2500

3 °C

Dual-core (2 Core)

55 W

Intel

3.30 GHz

37.5 mm

22 nm

37.5 mm

Socket H2 LGA-1155

Intel

Yes

4

Core i3 Dual-core (2 Core) i3-3220 3.30 GHz Desktop Processor Upgrade

100-100000063WOF

Advanced Micro Devices, Inc

AMD

Ryzen 7

5800X

Processor

32 MB

5000

4 MB

Octa-core (8 Core)

105 W

AMD

3.8 GHz

7 nm

Retail

4.7 GHz

Socket AM4

Yes

16

Ryzen 7 Octa-core 5800X 3.8GHz Desktop Processor

ZY504AV

HP Inc.

HP

Celeron

T1700

Processor Upgrade

667 MHz

1 MB

100 °C

Dual-core (2 Core)

35 W

Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology

Intel

RoHS

Yes

1.83 GHz

PC

65 nm

128 KB

Socket PGA-478

Yes

1.175 V DC

667 MHz

Celeron Dual-core T1700 1.83GHz Mobile Processor

P02493-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon Silver

4214

Processor Upgrade

17 MB

77 °C

Dodeca-core (12 Core)

85 W

Intel

2.20 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76.0 mm

3.20 GHz

Socket 3647

Yes

Xeon Silver Dodeca-core 4214 2.2GHz Server Processor Upgrade

600739-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon DP

E5620

Processor Upgrade

4 MB

5600

1 MB

Quad-core (4 Core)

80 W

Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Turbo Boost Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Virtualization Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology

Intel

2.4 GHz

PC

32 nm

256 KB

Socket B LGA-1366

5.86 GT/s

Yes

Xeon DP Quad-core E5620 2.4GHz Processor Upgrade

AT80612002928AC

Intel Corporation

Intel

Xeon

LC5518

Processor

8 MB

C5500

Quad-core (4 Core)

48 W

Turbo Boost Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Virtualization Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology

Intel

RoHS

Yes

1.73 GHz

PC

45 nm

Socket B LGA-1366

4.8 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Quad-core LC5518 1.73GHz Processor

AT80570JJ0806M

Intel Corporation

Intel

Xeon UP

L3110

Processor

1333 MHz

3000

6 MB

78.65 °C

Dual-core (2 Core)

45 W

Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Virtualization Technology

Intel

RoHS

Yes

3 GHz

PC

45 nm

OEM

128 KB

Socket T LGA-775

Yes

1.250 V DC

1333 MHz

Xeon Dual-core L3110 3GHz Processor

OS6176YETCEGO

Advanced Micro Devices, Inc

AMD

Opteron

6176 SE

Processor

12 MB

6100

6 MB

64 °C

Dodeca-core (12 Core)

140 W

AMD64 Technology, CoolCore Technology, Virtualization Technology, HyperTransport Technology, AMD PowerNow! Technology

AMD

RoHS

Yes

2.3 GHz

PC

45 nm

Tray

1.5 MB

6400

Socket G34 LGA-1974

Yes

1.25 V DC

Opteron Dodeca-core 6176 SE 2.3GHz Processor

411949-L21

HP Inc.

HP

Opteron

2216

Processor Upgrade

1

2 MB

72 °C

Dual-core (2 Core)

AMD64 Technology, Virtualization Technology, HyperTransport Technology, AMD PowerNow! Technology

AMD

RoHS

Yes

2.40 GHz

PC

90 nm

256 KB

1000

Socket F LGA-1207

1.35 V DC

Opteron Dual-Core 2216 2.40GHz - Processor Upgrade

OSA1218IAA6CS

Advanced Micro Devices, Inc

AMD

Opteron

1218

Processor

2 MB

74 °C

Dual-core (2 Core)

AMD64 Technology, Virtualization Technology, HyperTransport Technology, AMD PowerNow! Technology

AMD

2.6 GHz

0.09 µ

1000

Socket AM2 PGA-940

1.35 V DC

Opteron Dual-Core 1218 2.6GHz Processor

655091-L21

HPE-IMSourcing

HPE-IMSourcing

Opteron

6274

Processor Upgrade

16 MB

6200

16 MB

69 °C

Hexadeca-core (16 Core)

115 W

Virtualization Technology, AMD64 Technology, HyperTransport Technology, Turbo CORE Technology

AMD

2.2 GHz

PC

32 nm

768 KB

Socket G34 LGA-1944

Yes

6400

Opteron Hexadeca-core 6274 2.2GHz FIO Processor Upgrade

S26361-F3621-L186

Fujitsu

Fujitsu

Xeon DP

L5609

Processor Upgrade

12 MB

5600

1 MB

Quad-core (4 Core)

40 W

Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology, Turbo Boost Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Virtualization Technology

Intel

1.86 GHz

PC

32 nm

384 KB

Socket B LGA-1366

4.8 GT/s

Yes

Xeon DP Quad-core L5609 1.86GHz Processor Upgrade

338-BDHQ

Dell Technologies

Dell

Xeon

E5-2603 v2

Processor Upgrade

10 MB

E5-2600 v2

5 GT/s

1 MB

71 °C

Quad-core (4 Core)

80 W

Intel

1.8 GHz

45 mm

22 nm

52.5 mm

1.8 GHz

Socket R LGA-2011

6.4 GT/s

Yes

1.3 V DC

Xeon Quad-core E5-2603 v2 1.8GHz Server Processor Upgrade

704191-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Opteron

6328

Processor Upgrade

16 MB

6300

2

8 MB

71.7 °C

Octa-core (8 Core)

115 W

AMD64 Technology, Virtualization Technology, Turbo Core 2.0 Technology, HyperTransport Technology

AMD

3.2 GHz

PC

32 nm

384 KB

Socket G34 LGA-1944

Yes

6400

Opteron Octa-core 6328 3.2GHz Server Processor Upgrade

612892-B21

HPE-IMSourcing DS

HPE-IMSourcing DS

Xeon DP

L5640

Processor Upgrade

12 MB

5600

1.5 MB

69.4 °C

Hexa-core (6 Core)

60 W

Turbo Boost Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology, Virtualization Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology

Intel

RoHS

Yes

2.26 GHz

PC

32 nm

384 KB

2933

Socket B LGA-1366

5.86 GT/s

Yes

1.35 V DC

Xeon DP Hexa-core L5640 2.26GHz Processor Upgrade

718056-L21-RF

HPE - IMSourcing Certified Pre-Owned

HPE - IMSourcing Certified Pre-Owned

Xeon

E5-2680 v2

Processor Upgrade

25 MB

E5-2600 v2

5 GT/s

2.5 MB

82 °C

Deca-core (10 Core)

115 W

Intel

2.8 GHz

45 mm

22 nm

52.5 mm

3.6 GHz

Socket R LGA-2011

8 GT/s

Refurbished

Yes

Xeon Deca-core E5-2680 v2 2.8GHz FIO Server Processor Upgrade

595727-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon DP

X5650

Processor Upgrade

12 MB

5600

1.5 MB

81.3 °C

Hexa-core (6 Core)

95 W

Turbo Boost Technology, Virtualization Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology

Intel

2.66 GHz

PC

32 nm

384 KB

Socket B LGA-1366

6.4 GT/s

Yes

Xeon DP Hexa-core X5650 2.66GHz Processor Upgrade

411776-B21

HP-IMSourcing

HP-IMSourcing

Xeon

5050

Processor Upgrade

667 MHz

4 MB

Dual-core (2 Core)

Virtualization Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology

Intel

3.0 GHz

PC

65 nm

667 MHz

Xeon 5050 Dual-Core 3.0GHz - Processor Upgrade

BX806734114

Intel-IMSourcing

Intel

Xeon

4114

Processor

13.75 MB

Silver

10 MB

78 °C

Deca-core (10 Core)

85 W

Intel

2.2 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76 mm

Retail

3 GHz

Socket 3647

Yes

Xeon Silver Deca-core 4114 2.20GHz Server Processor

712508-B21-RF

HPE - IMSourcing Certified Pre-Owned

HPE - IMSourcing Certified Pre-Owned

Xeon

E5-2670 v2

Processor Upgrade

25 MB

E5-2600 v2

2.5 MB

82 °C

Deca-core (10 Core)

115 W

Turbo Boost Technology 2.0, vPro Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Demand Based Switching, Thermal Monitoring Technology

Intel

2.5 GHz

PC

5.25 cm

22 nm

4.5 cm

640 MB

3.3 GHz

Socket R LGA-2011

8 GT/s

Refurbished

Yes

Xeon Deca-core E5-2670 v2 2.5GHz Server Processor Upgrade

793026-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2670 v3

Processor Upgrade

30 MB

E5-2600 v3

5 GT/s

3 MB

84.5 °C

Dodeca-core (12 Core)

120 W

Intel

2.3 GHz

45 mm

22 nm

52.5 mm

3.1 GHz

Socket LGA 2011-v3

9.6 GT/s

Yes

1.3 V DC

Xeon Dodeca-core E5-2670 v3 2.3GHz FIO Server Processor Upgrade

817933-L21

HPE Sourcing

HPE Sourcing

Xeon

E5-2630 v4

Processor Upgrade

25 MB

E5-2600 v4

2.5 MB

74 °C

Deca-core (10 Core)

85 W

Intel

2.2 GHz

51 mm

14 nm

52.5 mm

3.1 GHz

Socket LGA 2011-v3

8 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Deca-core E5-2630 v4 2.2GHz Server Processor Upgrade

CL8066202194731

Intel Corporation

Intel

Core i7

i7-6820HQ

Processor

6th Gen

3

8 MB

HD Graphics 530

100 °C

Quad-core (4 Core)

45 W

Intel

2.7 GHz

28 mm

14 nm

42 mm

OEM

3.6 GHz

Socket BGA-1440

Yes

8

Core i7 Quad-core i7-6820HQ 2.70 GHz Mobile Processor

S26361-F3933-E190

Fujitsu

Fujitsu

Xeon E5

E5-2690 v4

Processor Upgrade

35 MB

89 °C

Tetradeca-core (14 Core)

135 W

Intel

2.6 GHz

45 mm

14 nm

52.5 mm

3.50 GHz

Socket LGA 2011-v3

9.6 GT/s

Yes

28

Xeon E5 Tetradeca-core E5-2690 v4 2.6Ghz Server Processor Upgrade

00D2585

Lenovo Group Limited

Lenovo

Xeon

E5-2440

Processor Upgrade

15 MB

E5-2400

1.5 MB

Hexa-core (6 Core)

95 W

vPro Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology, Virtualization Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Turbo Boost Technology, Demand Based Switching, Thermal Monitoring Technology

Intel

2.4 GHz

PC

45 mm

32 nm

42.5 mm

384 KB

Socket B2 LGA-1356

7.2 GT/s

Yes

1.35 V DC

Xeon Hexa-core E5-2440 2.4GHz Processor Upgrade

J9P93AA

HP Inc.

HP

Xeon

E5-2643 v3

Processor Upgrade

1 Year

20 MB

E5-2600 v3

5 GT/s

1.5 MB

77.3 °C

Hexa-core (6 Core)

135 W

Intel

3.4 GHz

45 mm

22 nm

52.5 mm

3.7 GHz

Socket LGA 2011-v3

9.6 GT/s

Yes

1.3 V DC

Xeon Hexa-core E5-2643 v3 3.4GHz Server Processor Upgrade

457929-B21

HPE-IMSourcing DS

HPE-IMSourcing DS

Xeon DP

X5460

Processor

1333 MHz

12 MB

70 °C

Quad-core (4 Core)

Intel

3.16 GHz

PC

45 nm

Socket J LGA-771

1.225 V DC

1333 MHz

Xeon DP Quad-core X5460 3.16GHz Processor

878211-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon Gold

5118

Processor Upgrade

16.5 MB

81 °C

Dodeca-core (12 Core)

105 W

Intel

2.30 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76.0 mm

3.20 GHz

Socket P LGA-3647

Yes

24

Xeon Gold Dodeca-core 5118 2.30 GHz Server Processor Upgrade

HD905EOCK4DGI

Advanced Micro Devices, Inc

AMD

Phenom II X4

905e

Processor

6 MB

2 MB

70 °C

Quad-core (4 Core)

65 W

AMD64 Technology, CoolCore Technology, Virtualization Technology, HyperTransport Technology, AMD PowerNow! Technology

AMD

RoHS, ENERGY STAR

Yes

2.5 GHz

PC

45 nm

Tray

512 KB

4000

Yes

Socket AM3 PGA-941

Yes

1.25 V DC

Phenom II X4 Quad-core 905e 2.5GHz Processor

733933-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2650 v3

Processor Upgrade

25 MB

E5-2600 v3

5 GT/s

2.5 MB

78.9 °C

Deca-core (10 Core)

105 W

Intel

2.3 GHz

45 mm

22 nm

52.5 mm

3 GHz

Socket LGA 2011-v3

9.6 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Deca-core E5-2650 v3 2.3GHz FIO Server Processor Upgrade

7915-AC1-A1KS

IBM Corporation

IBM

Xeon

E5-2680

Processor Upgrade

20 MB

E5-2600

2 MB

85 °C

Octa-core (8 Core)

130 W

Turbo Boost Technology 2.0, vPro Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology, Virtualization Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Demand Based Switching, Thermal Monitoring Technology

Intel

2.7 GHz

PC

52.5 mm

32 nm

45.0 mm

512 KB

Socket R LGA-2011

8 GT/s

Yes

1.35 V DC

Xeon Octa-core E5-2680 2.7GHz Processor Upgrade

P24261-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

EPYC

7452

Processor Upgrade

2nd Gen

128 MB

7002

Dotriaconta-core (32 Core)

155 W

AMD

2.35 GHz

3.35 GHz

Socket SP3

64

EPYC Dotriaconta-core 7452 2.35GHz Server Processor Upgrade

S26361-F4051-L419

Fujitsu

Fujitsu

Xeon

5119T

Processor Upgrade

19.25 MB

Gold

14 MB

90 °C

Tetradeca-core (14 Core)

85 W

Intel

1.9 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76 mm

3.2 GHz

Socket 3647

Yes

Xeon Gold Tetradeca-core 5119T 1.9GHz Server Processor Upgrade

BX80637G2010

Intel Corporation

Intel

Pentium

G2010

Processor

3

3 Year

3 MB

G2000

5 GT/s

512 KB

HD Graphics

Dual-core (2 Core)

55 W

Virtualization Technology, Thermal Monitoring Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology

Intel

2.8 GHz

PC

37.5 mm

22 nm

37.5 mm

Retail

128 KB

Socket H2 LGA-1155

Intel

Yes

Pentium Dual-core G2010 2.8GHz Desktop Processor

ADH2350DDBOX

Advanced Micro Devices, Inc

AMD

Athlon 64 X2

BE-2350

Processor

3 Year

1

1 MB

78 °C

Dual-core (2 Core)

AMD64 Technology, Cool'n'Quiet Technology, HyperTransport Technology

AMD

2.10 GHz

PC

65 nm

256 KB

Socket AM2 PGA-940

1.25 V DC

Athlon X2 Dual-core BE-2350 2.10GHz Processor

819852R-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2690 v4

Processor Upgrade

35 MB

E5-2600 v4

1

3.5 MB

89 °C

Tetradeca-core (14 Core)

135 W

Intel

2.6 GHz

51 mm

14 nm

52.5 mm

3.5 GHz

Socket R3 (LGA2011-3)

9.6 GT/s

Refurbished

Yes

Xeon Tetradeca-core E5-2690 v4 2.6GHz Server Processor Upgrade

382180-B21

HP-IMSourcing

HP-IMSourcing

Xeon

Processor Upgrade

800 MHz

1

2 MB

Single-core (1 Core)

Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology

Intel

3.4 GHz

PC

800 MHz

Xeon 3.4GHz Processor - Upgrade

654784-B21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2660

Processor Upgrade

20 MB

E5-2600

2 MB

73 °C

Octa-core (8 Core)

95 W

Turbo Boost Technology 2.0, Hyper-Threading Technology, Virtualization Technology, vPro Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Thermal Monitoring Technology, Demand Based Switching

Intel

RoHS

Yes

2.2 GHz

PC

52.5 mm

32 nm

45.0 mm

Socket R LGA-2011

8 GT/s

Yes

1.35 V DC

Xeon Octa-core E5-2660 2.2GHz Processor Upgrade

187528-001

HP Inc.

HP

Pentium III Xeon

Processor Upgrade

133 MHz

256 KB

55 °C

Single-core (1 Core)

27.4 W

Heat Pipe

Intel

866 MHz

PC

180 nm

Slot 2

No

Pentium III Xeon 866MHz Processor Upgrade

BX80623I52310

Intel-IMSourcing DS

Intel-IMSourcing DS

Core i5

i5-2310

Processor

6 MB

i5-2300

5 GT/s

1 MB

72.6 °C

Quad-core (4 Core)

95 W

Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology, Virtualization Technology, Turbo Boost Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology

Intel

2.9 GHz

PC

37.5 mm

32 nm

37.5 mm

Retail

256 KB

Socket H2 LGA-1155

Yes

Core i5 Quad-core i5-2310 2.9GHz Processor

490073-001

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5520

Processor Upgrade

8 MB

5500

1

1 MB

72 °C

Quad-core (4 Core)

80 W

Virtualization Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Demand Based Switching, Turbo Boost Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology

Intel

2.26 GHz

PC

45 mm

45 nm

42.5 mm

256 KB

2.53 GHz

Socket B LGA-1366

5.86 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Quad-core E5520 2.26GHz Server Processor Upgrade

878149-L21

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

8158

Processor Upgrade

24.75 MB

Platinum

12 MB

85 °C

Dodeca-core (12 Core)

150 W

Intel

3 GHz

56.5 mm

14 nm

76 mm

3.7 GHz

Socket 3647

Yes

Xeon Platinum Dodeca-core 8158 3.00GHz FIO Server Processor Upgrade

660604-B21#0D1

Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HPE

Xeon

E5-2680

Processor Upgrade

20 MB

E5-2600

2 MB

85 °C

Octa-core (8 Core)

130 W

Turbo Boost Technology 2.0, vPro Technology, Hyper-Threading Technology, Virtualization Technology, Trusted Execution Technology, Extended Memory 64 Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep Technology, Demand Based Switching, Thermal Monitoring Technology

Intel

2.7 GHz

PC

52.5 mm

32 nm

45 mm

512 KB

Socket R LGA-2011

8 GT/s

Yes

Xeon Octa-core E5-2680 2.7GHz Processor Upgrade

Computer Processors

Computer Processors, often referred to simply as processors or CPUs (Central Processing Units), are silicon chips that serve as the brain of a computing device. These integrated circuits are responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations in computers, smartphones, tablets, and other electronic devices. Microprocessors come in various architectures and designs, each optimized for specific applications and performance requirements. They typically include features such as multiple cores, advanced instruction sets, and power-saving technologies to deliver optimal performance and efficiency.