Part | RoHS | Manufacturer | Brand Name | Product Line | Product Model | Product Type | TAA Compliant | Host Interface | Form Factor | Product Color | Card Height | Controller Type | Data Transfer Rate | Number of Thunderbolt Ports | Number of Fibre Channel Ports (External) | Packing | Environmental Certification | Environmentally Friendly | SATA Connector Details | Number of iSCSI Ports (External) | Limited Warranty | Thickness | Total Number of SATA Ports | Input Current | Product Series | Platform Supported | Depth | Packaged Quantity | RAID Supported | Operating System Supported | Total Number of SAS Ports | Number of SCSI Ports (External) | Width | Data Backup Type | SAS Connector Details | Package Type | Number of mSATA Interfaces | Length | Number of SAS Ports (Internal) | Number of SATA Ports (External) | Number of IDE Ports (External) | Shipping Weight (Approximate) | Number of Network (RJ-45) Ports | Cache Memory | Number of SATA Ports (Internal) | Number of USB Ports | Total Number of Ports | Number of Channels | Energy Star | RAID Levels | Number of Logical Drive Supported | Shipping Height | Weight (Approximate) | Product Condition | Total Number of Fibre Channel Ports | Input Voltage | Card Length | SCSI Connector Details | Number of Thunderbolt 2 Ports | Total Number of iSCSI Ports | Total Number of SCSI Ports | Number of Physical Drive Supported | Number of SCSI Ports (Internal) | Device Supported | Maximum Data Transfer Rate | Height | Number of IDE Ports (Internal) | Product Name | Shipping Width | Number of SAS Ports (External) | Shipping Depth | Total Number of IDE Ports | Country of Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Micropac Technologies |
MPT |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x1 |
Plug-in Card |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
4 |
PC |
1 |
Yes |
2 |
2 |
0, 1, 4 |
4 |
300 |
SATA RAID Controller |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Promise Technology |
Promise |
SuperTrak |
TX8658 |
SAS Controller |
PCI Express x8 |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
3 Year |
PC |
Yes |
2 |
5.02 " |
2 x SFF-8088 |
2 |
0, 1, 10, JBOD |
300 |
2.72 " |
SuperTrak TX8658 8-port SAS RAID Controller |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HighPoint Technologies, Inc |
HighPoint |
RocketRAID |
2640X4 |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x4 |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
RoHS |
Yes |
4 |
2600 |
PC, Mac |
Yes |
3.45 " |
4 |
0, 1, 5, 10, JBOD |
300 |
2.53 " |
RocketRAID 2640X4 4-port SATA RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Microchip Technology Inc. |
Microchip Adaptec |
1220SA |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x1 |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
3 Year |
2 |
0.9 mA |
PC |
Yes |
3.54 " |
0, 1, JBOD |
2 |
300 |
2.5 " |
1220SA 2 Port Serial ATA RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Promise Technology |
Promise |
SuperTrak |
EX4350 |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x4 |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
4 |
PC |
5 |
Yes |
6.6 " |
0, 1, 5, 6, 10, JBOD |
4 |
300 |
2.7 " |
SuperTrak EX4350 4 Port Serial ATA RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Areca Technology Corp. |
Areca |
ARC-1222X |
SAS Controller |
PCI Express x8 |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
RoHS |
Yes |
PC |
Yes |
168 mm |
0 x SFF-8088 |
0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 10, JBOD, 30, 50, 60 |
64 mm |
ARC-1222X 8-port SAS RAID Controller |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HighPoint Technologies, Inc |
HighPoint |
RocketRAID |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x4 |
Plug-in Card |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
4 |
2310 |
PC, Mac |
Yes |
104.9 mm |
4 |
0, 1, 5, 10, JBOD |
4 |
300 |
60 mm |
RocketRAID 2310 4 Port Serial ATA RAID Controller |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sonnet Technologies, Inc |
Sonnet |
Tempo |
X eSATA 8 |
SATA Controller |
PCI-X |
Plug-in Card |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
3 Year |
8 |
PC, Mac |
8 |
8 |
TEMPO X eSATA 8 Port Serial ATA Controller |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hewlett Packard Enterprise |
HPE |
Fibre Channel/SAS Controller |
Serial ATA/300 |
600 MB/s, 8 GB/s |
PC |
1 |
Yes |
4 |
4 |
0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 10, 50 |
2 |
8 |
Fibre Channel/SAS Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Promise Technology |
Promise |
SuperTrak |
EX8350 |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x4 |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
8 |
PC |
Yes |
6.6 " |
8 |
0, 1, 5, 6, 10, 50, JBOD |
8 |
300 |
2.71 " |
SuperTrak EX8350 8 Port Serial ATA RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seagate Technology |
LaCie |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x1 |
Plug-in Card |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
1 Year |
0.86 " |
2 |
PC, Mac |
4.73 " |
2 |
2 |
3.39 " |
2 Port eSATA II Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hewlett-Packard |
HP |
SAS Controller |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
Yes |
0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 10, 50 |
300 |
StorageWorks SAS RAID Controller |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cisco Systems, Inc |
Cisco |
SAS Controller |
Plug-in Card |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
Yes |
0, 1, 5, 10, 50, 1E |
300 |
UCSC RAID SAS 2008M-8i Mezzanine Card |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LSI Logic Corp |
LSI Logic |
MegaRAID |
300-4XLP |
SATA Controller |
PCI-X |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
1 x Multilane |
3 Year |
1 |
PC |
Yes |
7.1 " |
1 |
0, 1, 5, 10, 50 |
4 |
300 |
2.536 " |
MegaRAID SATA 300-4XLP 4 Port Adapter |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Areca Technology Corp. |
Areca |
ARC-1680IX-12 |
SAS Controller |
PCI Express x8 |
Plug-in Card |
Full-height |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
RoHS |
Yes |
ARC-1680 |
PC, Mac, SPARC |
Yes |
4 |
3 x SFF-8087, 1 x SFF-8088 |
3 |
0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 10, 30, 50, 60, JBOD |
128 |
300 |
ARC-1680IX-12 12 Port Serial ATA/SAS RAID Controller |
1 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Areca Technology Corp. |
Areca |
ARC-1200 |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x1 |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
RoHS |
Yes |
2 |
PC, Mac |
Yes |
168 mm |
0, 1, JBOD |
Half-length |
2 |
300 |
64 mm |
ARC-1200 SATA RAID Controller |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HighPoint Technologies, Inc |
HighPoint |
RocketRAID |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x4 |
Plug-in Card |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
2 |
Mac |
1 |
Yes |
4.2 " |
0, 1, 5, 10, JBOD |
3.8 oz |
300 |
4 " |
eSATA for Mac Dual-channel SATA RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SIIG, Inc |
SIIG |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x1 |
Plug-in Card |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
RoHS |
Yes |
Lifetime |
2 |
PC |
Yes |
0, 1 |
2 |
300 |
2-port SATA RAID Controller |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Microchip Technology Inc. |
Microchip Adaptec |
2820SA |
SATA Controller |
PCI-X |
Plug-in Card |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
8 |
PC |
Yes |
8 |
0, 1, 5, 10, 50 |
8 |
300 |
2820SA 8-Port Serial ATA II RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seagate Technology |
LaCie |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x8 |
Plug-in Card |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
1 Year |
0.79 " |
4 |
PC, Mac |
Yes |
4.72 " |
0, 1, 0+1, 5, JBOD |
3.88 oz |
300 |
4.72 " |
4-Port PCI-Express x8 Serial ATA RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Microchip Technology Inc. |
Microchip Adaptec |
1420SA |
SATA Controller |
PCI-X |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
4 |
PC |
10 |
Yes |
6.6 " |
4 |
0, 1, 10, JBOD |
4 |
300 |
2.5 " |
1420SA Serial ATA II RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LSI Logic Corp |
LSI Logic |
9650SE-2LP |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x1 |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
3 Year |
2 |
PC |
Yes |
7.30 " |
0, 1, JBOD |
300 |
2.73 " |
9650SE-2LP 2 Port Serial ATA RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LSI Logic Corp |
LSI Logic |
9650SE-4LPML |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x4 |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
1 x Multilane |
1 |
PC |
Yes |
7.30 " |
0, 1, 5, 10, JBOD |
300 |
2.73 " |
9650SE-4LPML 4 Port Serial ATA RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Areca Technology Corp. |
Areca |
ARC-1221x |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x8 |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
RoHS |
Yes |
PC, Mac |
Yes |
165 mm |
0 x SFF-8088 |
Retail |
0, 1, 1E, 3, 5, 6, JBOD |
300 |
64 mm |
ARC-1221x Serial ATA RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LSI Logic Corp |
LSI Logic |
9650SE-16ML |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x8 |
Plug-in Card |
Full-height |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
4 x Multilane |
4 |
PC |
Yes |
6.90 " |
0, 1, 5, 6, 10, 50, JBOD |
Half-length |
300 |
4.57 " |
9650SE-16ML 16 Port Serial ATA RAID Controller |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HPE - IMSourcing Certified Pre-Owned |
HPE - IMSourcing Certified Pre-Owned |
StorageWorks |
SAS Controller |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
Yes |
1 |
1 x SFF-8470 |
1 |
0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 10, 50 |
Refurbished |
300 |
StorageWorks SAS RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LSI Logic Corp |
LSI Logic |
9650SE-8LPML |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x4 |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
2 x Multilane |
2 |
PC |
10 |
Yes |
7.30 " |
2 |
0, 1, 5, 6, 10, 50, JBOD |
300 |
2.73 " |
9650SE-8LPML 8 Port Serial ATA RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Promise Technology |
Promise |
SATA300 TX4302 |
SATA Controller |
PCI |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
266 MB/s |
3 Year |
4 |
PC |
4.69 " |
2 |
2 |
4 |
3.47 " |
SATA300 TX4302 4-port PCI adapter |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HighPoint Technologies, Inc |
HighPoint |
RocketRAID |
2314MS |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x4 |
Plug-in Card |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
3 Year |
PC, Mac |
Yes |
112 mm |
0, 1, 5, 10, JBOD |
4 |
300 |
62 mm |
RocketRAID 2314MS 4 Port Serial ATA II RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Promise Technology |
Promise |
FastTrak |
TX4300 |
SATA Controller |
PCI |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
4 |
PC |
4.69 " |
4 |
2 " |
FastTrak TX4300 4 Port Serial ATA Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LSI Logic Corp |
LSI Logic |
9550SXU-4LP |
SATA Controller |
PCI-X |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
3 Year |
4 |
PC |
10 |
Yes |
7.475 " |
0, 1, 5, 10, JBOD |
Half-length |
300 |
2.536 " |
9550SXU-4LP 4 Port Serial ATA II RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
IBM Corporation |
IBM |
ServeRAID |
C100 |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express |
Plug-in Card |
Serial ATA/300 |
3 GB/s |
6 |
PC |
Yes |
6 |
0, 1, 10 |
3 |
ServeRAID C100 Serial ATA Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Promise Technology |
Promise |
SuperTrak |
EX8300 |
SATA Controller |
PCI-X |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
8 |
PC |
5 |
Yes |
6.6 " |
0, 1, 5, 6, 10, 50, JBOD |
8 |
300 |
2.53 " |
SuperTrak EX8300 8-Port Serial ATA RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Microchip Technology Inc. |
Microchip Adaptec |
1430SA |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x4 |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
4 |
0.9 A |
PC |
Yes |
4.7 " |
4 |
0, 1, 10, JBOD |
5 V DC |
4 |
300 |
2.5 " |
1430SA 4 Port Serial ATA RAID Controller |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tekram Systems Co., Ltd |
Tekram |
ARC-1210 |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x8 |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
RoHS |
Yes |
4 |
PC, Mac, SPARC |
Yes |
168 mm |
0, 1, 10, 1E, 3, 5, JBOD |
300 |
64 mm |
Areca ARC-1210 4-port SATA RAID Controller |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Promise Technology |
Promise |
SuperTrak |
EX8300 |
SATA Controller |
PCI-X |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
3 Year |
8 |
PC |
5 |
Yes |
6.6 " |
Bulk |
8 |
0, 1, 5, 6, 10, 50, JBOD |
8 |
300 |
2.53 " |
SuperTrak EX8300 8 Port Serial ATA RAID Controller |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hewlett Packard Enterprise |
HPE |
Smart Array |
P800 |
SAS Controller |
PCI Express x8 |
Plug-in Card |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
RoHS |
Yes |
0.5 " |
PC, SPARC |
Yes |
4 |
12.3 " |
Battery Backup |
2 x SFF-8484 |
2 |
0, 1, 0+1, 5, 6, ADG |
32 |
300 |
4.4 " |
Smart Array P800 16-port SAS RAID Controller |
2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Microchip Technology Inc. |
Microchip Adaptec |
52445 |
SAS Controller |
PCI Express x8 |
Plug-in Card |
Full-height |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
RoHS |
Yes |
3 Year |
PC, SPARC |
Yes |
7 |
6.6 " |
6 x SFF-8087, 1 x SFF-8088 |
6 |
0, 1, 1E, 5, 5EE, 6, 10, 50, 60, JBOD |
Half-length |
256 |
300 |
4.6 " |
52445 28 Port Serial ATA/SAS RAID Controller |
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Microchip Technology Inc. |
Microchip Adaptec |
5805 |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express x8 |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
RoHS |
Yes |
PC, SPARC |
Yes |
2 |
6.6 " |
2 x SFF-8087 |
2 |
0, 1, 1E, 5, 5EE, 6, 10, 50, 60, JBOD |
256 |
300 |
2.5 " |
5805 8 Port Serial ATA/SAS RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cisco Systems, Inc |
Cisco |
SAS3081E-R |
SAS Controller |
PCI Express x8 |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
PC, SPARC |
Yes |
2 |
6.6 " |
2 x SFF-8087 |
2 |
0, 1, 1E, 10E |
244 |
300 |
2.5 " |
LSI SAS3081E-R 8-port SAS RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SYBA Multimedia, Inc |
SYBA Multimedia |
SATA Controller |
PCI Express |
Plug-in Card |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
RoHS |
Yes |
2 |
PC |
Yes |
0, 1 |
2 |
300 |
2-port Serial ATA Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LSI Logic Corp |
LSI Logic |
9550SX-16ML |
SATA Controller |
PCI-X |
Plug-in Card |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
3 Year |
16 |
PC |
Yes |
6.875 " |
16 |
0, 1, 5, 10, 50, JBOD |
Half-length |
16 |
300 |
4.2 " |
9550SX-16ML Serial ATA RAID Controller |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Promise Technology |
Promise |
FastTrak |
TX4310 |
SATA Controller |
PCI |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
3 Year |
4 |
PC |
Yes |
4.69 " |
4 |
0, 1, 5, 10, JBOD |
4 |
300 |
2 " |
FastTrak TX4310 4-port Serial ATA RAID Controller |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LSI Logic Corp |
LSI Logic |
MegaRAID |
300-4XLP |
SATA Controller |
PCI-X |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
1 x Multilane |
3 Year |
1 |
PC |
5 |
Yes |
7.1 " |
1 |
0, 1, 5, 10, 50 |
4 |
300 |
2.536 " |
MegaRAID SATA 300-4XLP 4 Port Adapter |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Promise Technology |
Promise |
SuperTrak |
STEX8650 |
SAS Controller |
PCI Express x8 |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
RoHS |
Yes |
3 Year |
PC |
Yes |
2 |
6.6 " |
2 x SFF-8087 |
2 |
0, 1, 1E, 5, 6, 10, 50, 60 |
300 |
2.7 " |
SuperTrak STEX8650 8 Port SATA/SAS RAID Controller |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LSI Logic Corp |
LSI Logic |
SAS3041X-R |
SAS Controller |
PCI-X |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
300 MB/s |
4 |
PC, SPARC |
Yes |
6.6 " |
4 |
0, 1, 1E |
122 |
300 |
2.5 " |
SAS3041X-R 4 Port SAS/SATA RAID Controller |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Atto Technology |
ATTO |
FastStream |
FSSC-5550-DC0 |
Fibre Channel Controller |
Rack Mount |
Serial ATA/300 |
400 MB/s, 300 MB/s |
RoHS |
Yes |
2 Year |
PC, Mac |
9.90 " |
Yes |
2 |
17.31 " |
2 x SFF-8088 |
2 |
0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 10, 40, 50, 60, JBOD, DVRAID |
2 |
400, 300 |
1.69 " |
FastStream FSSC-5550-DC0 Fibre Channel RAID Controller |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cisco Systems, Inc |
Cisco |
9260-8i |
SAS Controller |
PCI Express 2.0 x8 |
Plug-in Card |
Low-profile |
Serial ATA/300 |
600 MB/s |
PC, SPARC |
Yes |
2 |
6.6 " |
2 x SFF-8087 |
2 |
0, 1, 5, 6, 10, 50, 60 |
600 |
2.536 " |
LSI MegaRAID 9260-8i 8-port SAS RAID Controller |
SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) and RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) controllers are storage controllers used to manage SCSI and RAID devices, respectively. SCSI controllers provide connectivity and communication between SCSI devices such as hard drives, tape drives, and optical drives and the computer system. RAID controllers, on the other hand, implement RAID configurations to improve data reliability, availability, and performance by distributing data across multiple disks. These controllers are commonly used in servers, workstations, and storage arrays to enhance storage performance and reliability.