NXP Semiconductors Other Function Interface ICs 918

Reset All

Part	Manufacturer	Interface IC Type	Temperature Grade	Terminal Form	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Package Body Material	Surface Mount	Maximum Supply Voltage	No. of Functions	Technology	Screening Level	Maximum Supply Current	Nominal Supply Voltage	Maximum Supply Voltage-1	Power Supplies (V)	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Minimum Supply Voltage-1	Sub-Category	Minimum Supply Voltage	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Nominal Supply Voltage-1	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Terminal Position	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Maximum Seated Height	Width	Qualification	Additional Features	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length
PCA9614DP,118	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	10	TSSOP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1				3.3 V	5.5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH		3 V		2.3 V	.5 mm	85 Cel	5 V	-40 Cel		DUAL	S-PDSO-G10	1	1.1 mm	3 mm					260	3 mm
PCA9525D	NXP Semiconductors	BUS BUFFERS	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1	CMOS						SMALL OUTLINE				2.7 V	1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified		e4			4.9 mm
PCA9518PW,112	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	20	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	1	BICMOS			3.3 V			SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP20,.25			3 V	.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	R-PDSO-G20	1	1.1 mm	4.4 mm	Not Qualified		e4	30	260	6.5 mm
TJA1124BHG	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT
PCA9510AD-T	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES					6 mA			3/5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		Other Interface ICs		1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL	R-PDSO-G8				Not Qualified
PCA9508D	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1	CMOS			2.7 V	5.5 V	3/5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	2.7 V	Line Driver or Receivers	.9 V	1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold/Silver (Ni/Pd/Au/Ag)	DUAL	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified		e4	30	260	4.9 mm
PCA9522D,118	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1	BIPOLAR			3.3 V		3/5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		Other Interface ICs	2.7 V	1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL	R-PDSO-G8		1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified					4.9 mm
PCA9848BSJ	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT
PCA9519PW-T	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	20	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		1							SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH					.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	R-PDSO-G20	1	1.1 mm	4.4 mm	Not Qualified		e4			6.5 mm
PCA9512AD	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1			3.6 mA	3.3 V	5.5 V	3/5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25	2.7 V	Other Interface ICs	2.7 V	1.27 mm	85 Cel	3.3 V	-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold/Silver (Ni/Pd/Au/Ag)	DUAL	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified		e4	30	260	4.9 mm
TJA1085GHN/0Z	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT																									NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD SILVER			1					e4	30	260
PCA9512ADP,112	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	TSSOP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1				3.3 V	5.5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH		2.7 V		2.7 V	.65 mm	85 Cel	3.3 V	-40 Cel		DUAL	S-PDSO-G8		1.1 mm	3 mm						3 mm
GTL2010PW-T	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	24	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2.64 V	10				2.5 V	3.6 V		SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH		3 V		2.36 V	.65 mm	85 Cel	3.3 V	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	R-PDSO-G24	1	1.1 mm	4.4 mm	Not Qualified		e4	30	260	7.8 mm
PCA9516PW,112	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	2	BICMOS			3.3 V			SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH				3 V	.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	R-PDSO-G16	1	1.1 mm	4.4 mm	Not Qualified		e4		260	5 mm
GTL2018PW,118	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	24	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	1				3.3 V		3.3	SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP24,.25		Other Interface ICs	3 V	.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	R-PDSO-G24	1	1.1 mm	4.4 mm	Not Qualified		e4	30	260	7.8 mm
GTL2012DC,125	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	VSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	1				3.3 V			SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH				3 V	.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	R-PDSO-G8	1	1 mm	2 mm	Not Qualified		e4			2.3 mm
TJA1085HN	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	NO LEAD	44	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.25 V	1		AEC-Q100		4.85 V			CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE				4.45 V	.65 mm	125 Cel		-40 Cel		QUAD	S-PQCC-N44		1 mm	9 mm		ALSO REQUIRED VBAT = 4.75V TO 60V				9 mm
PCA9510DP,118	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	TSSOP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1				3.3 V			SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH				2.7 V	.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL	S-PDSO-G8		1.1 mm	3 mm	Not Qualified					3 mm
GTL2034PW,118	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	14	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	4				3.3 V			SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH				3 V	.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	R-PDSO-G14	1	1.1 mm	4.4 mm	Not Qualified		e4	30	260	5 mm
PCA9507D	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1			5 mA	3.6 V		3/5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		Other Interface ICs	2.7 V	1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold/Silver (Ni/Pd/Au/Ag)	DUAL	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified		e4	30	260	4.9 mm
GTL2009PW,112	NXP Semiconductors		INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES						3.3 V		3.3	SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP16,.25		Other Interface ICs		.635 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL	R-PDSO-G16				Not Qualified
GTL2003BQ,118	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	20	VSON	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	1				3.3 V	2.64 V	2.5,3.3	SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC20,.1X.18,20	2.36 V	Other Interface ICs	3 V	.5 mm	85 Cel	2.5 V	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	R-PDSO-N20	1	1 mm	2.5 mm	Not Qualified		e4			3 mm
PCA9519BS	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	24	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		1							CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE					.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD	S-PQCC-N24	1	1 mm	4 mm	Not Qualified		e4			4 mm
PCA9570GM4	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	8	QCCN	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	1	CMOS			2.2 V			CHIP CARRIER				1.1 V		85 Cel		-40 Cel		QUAD	R-PQCC-N8		.5 mm	1.2 mm						1.4 mm
GTL2005PWDH-T	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	14	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	1				3.3 V			SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH				0 V	.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL	R-PDSO-G14		1.1 mm	4.4 mm	Not Qualified					5 mm
TJA1086GHN/0Z	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT																									NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD SILVER			1					e4	30	260
PCA9513AD	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1			6 mA	3.3 V		3/5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		Other Interface ICs	2.7 V	1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold/Silver (Ni/Pd/Au/Ag)	DUAL	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified		e4	30	260	4.9 mm
PCA9574PW	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	1	CMOS			2.3 V			SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH				1.1 V	.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)	DUAL	R-PDSO-G16	1	1.1 mm	4.4 mm	Not Qualified		e4	30	260	5 mm
PCA9559PW	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	20	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	1	CMOS			3.3 V			SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP20,.25			3 V	.65 mm	70 Cel		0 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	R-PDSO-G20	1	1.1 mm	4.4 mm				30	260	6.5 mm
PCA9521DP	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	TSSOP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1	BIPOLAR			3.3 V			SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH				2.7 V	.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL	S-PDSO-G8	1	1.1 mm	3 mm						3 mm
PCA9511DP,118	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	TSSOP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1			6 mA	3.3 V		3/5	SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP8,.19		Other Interface ICs	2.7 V	.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	S-PDSO-G8	1	1.1 mm	3 mm	Not Qualified		e4			3 mm
PCA9518AD	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	20	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	2	CMOS			3.3 V			SMALL OUTLINE				3 V	1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)	DUAL	R-PDSO-G20	1	2.65 mm	7.5 mm	Not Qualified		e4	30	260	12.8 mm
PCA9512D,118	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1				3.3 V			SMALL OUTLINE				2.7 V	1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL	R-PDSO-G8		1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified					4.9 mm
PCA9846BSJ	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	16	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	1				1.2 V			CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE				.8 V	.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		QUAD	S-PQCC-N16		1 mm	4 mm						4 mm
PCA9516PW	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	2	BICMOS			3.3 V			SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH				3 V	.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	R-PDSO-G16		1.1 mm	4.4 mm	Not Qualified		e4		260	5 mm
PCA9509PDP	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	TSSOP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1.5 V	1	CMOS			1.1 V	5.5 V		SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH		2.3 V		.8 V	.65 mm	85 Cel	3.3 V	-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)	DUAL	S-PDSO-G8	1	1.1 mm	3 mm			e4	30	260	3 mm
PCA9511AD	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1			6 mA	3.3 V		3/5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		Other Interface ICs	2.7 V	1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold/Silver (Ni/Pd/Au/Ag)	DUAL	R-PDSO-G8	1	1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified		e4	30	260	4.9 mm
GTL2003BQ	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	20	HVSON	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	1				3.3 V	2.64 V		SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE		2.36 V		3 V	.5 mm	85 Cel	2.5 V	-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)	DUAL	R-PDSO-N20	1	1 mm	2.5 mm	Not Qualified		e4	30	260	3 mm
PCA9521DP,118	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	TSSOP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1	BIPOLAR			5 V		3/5	SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP8,.19		Other Interface ICs	2.7 V	.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL	S-PDSO-G8		1.1 mm	3 mm	Not Qualified					3 mm
GTL2012DP	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	TSSOP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	1				3.3 V		3.3	SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSSOP8,.19		Other Interface ICs	3 V	.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	S-PDSO-G8	1	1.1 mm	3 mm	Not Qualified		e4	30	260	3 mm
PCA9510D	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1			6 mA	3.3 V		3/5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		Other Interface ICs	2.7 V	1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	R-PDSO-G8		1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified		e4			4.9 mm
PCA9511D,118	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1				3.3 V			SMALL OUTLINE				2.7 V	1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL	R-PDSO-G8		1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified					4.9 mm
PCA9570DPJ	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	TSSOP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	1	CMOS			2.2 V			SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH				1.1 V	.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL	S-PDSO-G8	1	1.1 mm	3 mm					260	3 mm
PCA9701D	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	GULL WING	24	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1				3.3 V			SMALL OUTLINE				2.5 V	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-40 Cel	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)	DUAL	R-PDSO-G24	1	2.65 mm	7.5 mm	Not Qualified		e4	30	260	15.4 mm
PCA9512D	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1			3.6 mA	3.3 V		3/5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		Other Interface ICs	2.7 V	1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL	R-PDSO-G8		1.75 mm	3.9 mm	Not Qualified			40	260	4.9 mm
PCA9516PW,118	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	16	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	2	BICMOS			3.3 V			SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH				3 V	.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	R-PDSO-G16	1	1.1 mm	4.4 mm	Not Qualified		e4			5 mm
PCA9507D-T	NXP Semiconductors		INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	SOP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES					5 mA			3/5	SMALL OUTLINE	SOP8,.25		Other Interface ICs		1.27 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel		DUAL	R-PDSO-G8				Not Qualified
PCA9513DP,118	NXP Semiconductors	INTERFACE CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	8	TSSOP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	1				3.3 V			SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH				2.7 V	.65 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	S-PDSO-G8	1	1.1 mm	3 mm	Not Qualified		e4			3 mm

Other Function Interface ICs

Other function interface ICs are electronic components that provide specific functions for interfacing different devices in electronic systems. They are designed to facilitate the exchange of data and signals between various components of the system.

Other function interface ICs can be classified into several types based on their specific functions and applications. Some of the most common types of interface ICs include:

1. Voltage level translators - These ICs are used to convert voltage levels between different devices in electronic systems, ensuring that signals are compatible and can be correctly interpreted.

2. Real-time clock (RTC) ICs - These ICs are used to keep track of time and date in electronic systems, and they typically include a battery backup to ensure that the clock remains accurate even if the main power supply is lost.

3. Touchscreen controllers - These ICs are used to interface with touchscreens and enable touch-based input in electronic systems.

Other function interface ICs can also include USB controllers, Ethernet controllers, and Bluetooth controllers, among other components. They are typically characterized by their data rate, power consumption, and specific functions.