Part | RoHS | Manufacturer | Interface IC Type | Temperature Grade | Terminal Form | No. of Terminals | Package Code | Package Shape | Total Dose (V) | Package Body Material | Display Mode | Data Input Mode | Surface Mount | Maximum Supply Voltage | Maximum Output Current | No. of Functions | No. of Channels | Technology | Screening Level | No. of Bits | Built-in Protections | Maximum Supply Current | No. of Digits/Characters | Input Characteristics | Nominal Supply Voltage | Maximum Supply Voltage-1 | Turn-on Time | Power Supplies (V) | Nominal Negative Supply Voltage | Package Style (Meter) | Package Equivalence Code | No. of Segments | Minimum Supply Voltage-1 | Sub-Category | Minimum Supply Voltage | Terminal Pitch | Maximum Operating Temperature | Nominal Supply Voltage-1 | Output Characteristics | Minimum Operating Temperature | Driver No. of Bits | Terminal Finish | Terminal Position | JESD-30 Code | Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) | Maximum Seated Height | Nominal Output Peak Current Limit | Width | Turn-off Time | Qualification | Output Polarity | High Side Driver | Additional Features | JESD-609 Code | Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) | Peak Reflow Temperature (C) | Output Current Flow Direction | Length | Multiplexed Display Capability |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
STMicroelectronics |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
32 |
HQCCN |
RECTANGULAR |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
5.5 V |
1.3 A |
1 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE |
6 mA |
STANDARD |
3.3 V |
36 V |
22 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
LCC32,.35x.43(UNSPEC) |
10.5 V |
2.75 V |
125 Cel |
24 V |
-40 Cel |
8 |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-N32 |
1.05 mm |
1.3 A |
9 mm |
40 us |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
SOURCE |
11 mm |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Texas Instruments |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
16 |
HQCCN |
RECTANGULAR |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
40 V |
1 |
1 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE |
24 V |
80 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
4 V |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au) |
QUAD |
R-XQCC-N16 |
1 |
50 us |
YES |
e4 |
30 |
260 |
SINK |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
STMicroelectronics |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
32 |
HQCCN |
RECTANGULAR |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
5.5 V |
1.3 A |
1 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE |
6 mA |
STANDARD |
3.3 V |
36 V |
22 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
LCC32,.35x.43(UNSPEC) |
10.5 V |
2.75 V |
125 Cel |
24 V |
-40 Cel |
8 |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-N32 |
1.05 mm |
1.3 A |
9 mm |
40 us |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
SOURCE |
11 mm |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Texas Instruments |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
16 |
HQCCN |
RECTANGULAR |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
40 V |
1 |
1 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE |
24 V |
80 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
4 V |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au) |
QUAD |
R-XQCC-N16 |
1 |
50 us |
YES |
e4 |
30 |
260 |
SINK |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Texas Instruments |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
16 |
HQCCN |
RECTANGULAR |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
40 V |
1 |
1 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE |
24 V |
80 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
4 V |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD |
QUAD |
R-XQCC-N16 |
1 |
50 us |
YES |
e4 |
30 |
260 |
SINK |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Texas Instruments |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
16 |
HQCCN |
RECTANGULAR |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
40 V |
1 |
1 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE |
24 V |
80 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
4 V |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au) |
QUAD |
R-XQCC-N16 |
1 |
50 us |
YES |
e4 |
30 |
260 |
SINK |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
14 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
20 V |
1 |
CMOS |
TRANSIENT |
15 V |
.9 us |
15 |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
LCC16,.16SQ,20 |
MOSFET Drivers |
10 V |
.5 mm |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N14 |
2 |
1.05 mm |
2.3 A |
4 mm |
.4 us |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
30 |
260 |
SOURCE AND SINK |
4 mm |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
International Rectifier |
HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
14 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
20 V |
1 |
CMOS |
TRANSIENT |
15 V |
.9 us |
15 |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
LCC16,.16SQ,20 |
MOSFET Drivers |
10 V |
.5 mm |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N14 |
2 |
1.05 mm |
2.3 A |
4 mm |
.4 us |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
SOURCE AND SINK |
4 mm |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
NO LEAD |
27 |
HQCCN |
RECTANGULAR |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
20 V |
1 |
TRANSIENT; UNDER VOLTAGE |
15 V |
.22 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
10 V |
QUAD |
R-PQCC-N27 |
3 |
1 mm |
7 mm |
.22 us |
SOURCE AND SINK |
8 mm |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
14 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
20 V |
1 |
TRANSIENT |
15 V |
.2 us |
15 |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
LCC16,.16SQ,20 |
Peripheral Drivers |
10 V |
.5 mm |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
1 |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N14 |
2 |
1.05 mm |
2.5 A |
4 mm |
.19 us |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
30 |
260 |
SINK |
4 mm |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
INDUSTRIAL |
NO LEAD |
70 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
3.6 V |
1 |
OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE |
3.3 V |
30 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
2.75 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-N70 |
.9 mm |
1 A |
12 mm |
30 us |
INFN-O-A0004164449; PART PROCESSED WITH RESPECT TO BASE PART ISO2H823V2.5 |
e3 |
SOURCE |
12 mm |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
NO LEAD |
27 |
HQCCN |
RECTANGULAR |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
20 V |
1 |
TRANSIENT; UNDER VOLTAGE |
15 V |
.22 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
10 V |
QUAD |
R-PQCC-N27 |
3 |
1 mm |
7 mm |
.22 us |
SOURCE AND SINK |
8 mm |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
STMicroelectronics |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
NO LEAD |
16 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
27 V |
15 A |
1 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL |
13 V |
8/24 |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
SOLCC24,.47,37 |
Peripheral Drivers |
4.5 V |
.9 mm |
2 |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-N16 |
2.2 mm |
100 A |
12 mm |
Not Qualified |
NOT SPECIFIED |
NOT SPECIFIED |
SINK |
12 mm |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Freescale Semiconductor |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
36 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
5.5 V |
1 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE |
5 V |
27 V |
150 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
6 V |
4.5 V |
.9 mm |
125 Cel |
10 V |
-40 Cel |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-N36 |
3 |
2.2 mm |
49 A |
12 mm |
150 us |
Not Qualified |
30 |
245 |
SOURCE |
12 mm |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Freescale Semiconductor |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
36 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
5.5 V |
1 |
CMOS |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE |
5 V |
27 V |
5,6/27 |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
LCC36(UNSPEC) |
6 V |
Peripheral Drivers |
4.5 V |
.9 mm |
125 Cel |
10 V |
-40 Cel |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-N36 |
3 |
2.2 mm |
12 mm |
Not Qualified |
30 |
245 |
SOURCE |
12 mm |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Freescale Semiconductor |
PWM BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
16 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
27 V |
1 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; UNDER VOLTAGE |
9 V |
.7 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
6 V |
.9 mm |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-N16 |
3 |
2.2 mm |
12 mm |
1.5 us |
Not Qualified |
30 |
245 |
SOURCE |
12 mm |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
STMicroelectronics |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
NO LEAD |
16 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
27 V |
15 A |
1 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL |
13 V |
8/24 |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
SOLCC24,.47,37 |
Peripheral Drivers |
4.5 V |
.9 mm |
2 |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-N16 |
1 |
2.2 mm |
100 A |
12 mm |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
SINK |
12 mm |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
NXP Semiconductors |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
NO LEAD |
23 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
36 V |
8.5 A |
1 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE |
8.5 mA |
STANDARD |
24 V |
245 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
8 V |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
2 |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-N23 |
3 |
2.2 mm |
12 mm |
245 us |
40 |
260 |
SINK |
12 mm |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
NXP Semiconductors |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
NO LEAD |
23 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
36 V |
8.5 A |
1 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE |
8.5 mA |
STANDARD |
24 V |
245 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
8 V |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
2 |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-N23 |
3 |
2.2 mm |
12 mm |
245 us |
40 |
260 |
SINK |
12 mm |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
NXP Semiconductors |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
NO LEAD |
23 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
36 V |
8.5 A |
1 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE |
8.5 mA |
STANDARD |
24 V |
245 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
8 V |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
2 |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-N23 |
3 |
2.2 mm |
12 mm |
245 us |
40 |
260 |
SINK |
12 mm |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
NXP Semiconductors |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
NO LEAD |
23 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
36 V |
8.5 A |
1 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE |
8.5 mA |
STANDARD |
24 V |
245 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
8 V |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
2 |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-N23 |
3 |
2.2 mm |
12 mm |
245 us |
40 |
260 |
SINK |
12 mm |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
NXP Semiconductors |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
NO LEAD |
23 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
36 V |
8.5 A |
1 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE |
8.5 mA |
STANDARD |
24 V |
245 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
8 V |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
2 |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-N23 |
3 |
2.2 mm |
12 mm |
245 us |
40 |
260 |
SINK |
12 mm |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
NXP Semiconductors |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
NO LEAD |
23 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
36 V |
8.5 A |
1 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE |
8.5 mA |
STANDARD |
24 V |
245 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
8 V |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
2 |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-N23 |
3 |
2.2 mm |
12 mm |
245 us |
40 |
260 |
SINK |
12 mm |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NXP Semiconductors |
PWM BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
24 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
5.5 V |
4 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE |
5 V |
130 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
4.5 V |
.9 mm |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-N24 |
3 |
2.2 mm |
12 mm |
400 us |
Not Qualified |
ALSO REQUIRES A SUPPLY OF 6 V TO 27 V |
30 |
245 |
SOURCE |
12 mm |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NXP Semiconductors |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
36 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
5.5 V |
1 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE |
5 V |
27 V |
150 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
6 V |
4.5 V |
.9 mm |
125 Cel |
10 V |
-40 Cel |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-N36 |
3 |
2.2 mm |
49 A |
12 mm |
150 us |
Not Qualified |
30 |
245 |
SOURCE |
12 mm |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NXP Semiconductors |
PWM BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
24 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
YES |
5.5 V |
4 |
TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE |
5 V |
200 us |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
4.5 V |
.9 mm |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
QUAD |
S-PQCC-N24 |
3 |
2.2 mm |
12 mm |
800 us |
Not Qualified |
ALSO REQUIRES A SUPPLY OF 6 V TO 27 V |
30 |
245 |
SOURCE |
12 mm |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
14 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
20 V |
1 |
CMOS |
TRANSIENT; UNDER VOLTAGE |
15 V |
.22 us |
15 |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
LCC14/16,.16SQ,20 |
MOSFET Drivers |
10 V |
.5 mm |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N14 |
2 |
1.05 mm |
4 mm |
.22 us |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
SINK |
4 mm |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
14 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
20 V |
1 |
CMOS |
TRANSIENT |
15 V |
.27 us |
15 |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
LCC16,.16SQ,20 |
MOSFET Drivers |
10 V |
.5 mm |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N14 |
2 |
1.05 mm |
2.5 A |
4 mm |
.33 us |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
30 |
260 |
SINK |
4 mm |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
14 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
20 V |
1 |
CMOS |
TRANSIENT |
15 V |
.27 us |
15 |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
LCC16,.16SQ,20 |
MOSFET Drivers |
10 V |
.5 mm |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N14 |
2 |
1.05 mm |
2.5 A |
4 mm |
.33 us |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
SINK |
4 mm |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Infineon Technologies |
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER |
AUTOMOTIVE |
NO LEAD |
14 |
HQCCN |
SQUARE |
UNSPECIFIED |
YES |
20 V |
1 |
CMOS |
TRANSIENT; UNDER VOLTAGE |
15 V |
.22 us |
15 |
CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG |
LCC14/16,.16SQ,20 |
MOSFET Drivers |
10 V |
.5 mm |
125 Cel |
-40 Cel |
MATTE TIN |
QUAD |
S-XQCC-N14 |
2 |
1.05 mm |
4 mm |
.22 us |
Not Qualified |
e3 |
SINK |
4 mm |
Peripheral drivers are electronic components that control and drive the operation of peripheral devices in electronic systems, such as motors, sensors, and actuators. They are commonly used in industrial and commercial applications that require precise and reliable control of peripheral devices.
Peripheral drivers can be classified into several types based on their specific functions and applications, including motor drivers, sensor drivers, and actuator drivers. These drivers can also include power supplies, amplifiers, and motor controllers, among other components.
Motor drivers are used to control and drive the operation of DC and stepper motors, and they typically include a microcontroller, power MOSFETs, and protection circuitry. Sensor drivers are used to interface with and drive sensors, which are electronic devices that detect and respond to physical stimuli. They typically include an analog-to-digital converter and signal conditioning circuitry. Actuator drivers are used to control and drive the operation of actuators, which are devices that produce a mechanical motion when energized. They are commonly used in industrial automation and control applications.
Peripheral drivers are typically characterized by their voltage and current ratings, as well as their efficiency and reliability. They play a critical role in ensuring the precise and reliable control of peripheral devices in electronic systems.