STMicroelectronics Peripheral Drivers 1,416

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Interface IC Type Temperature Grade Terminal Form No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Total Dose (V) Package Body Material Display Mode Data Input Mode Surface Mount Maximum Supply Voltage Maximum Output Current No. of Functions No. of Channels Technology Screening Level No. of Bits Built-in Protections Maximum Supply Current No. of Digits/Characters Input Characteristics Nominal Supply Voltage Maximum Supply Voltage-1 Turn-on Time Power Supplies (V) Nominal Negative Supply Voltage Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code No. of Segments Minimum Supply Voltage-1 Sub-Category Minimum Supply Voltage Terminal Pitch Maximum Operating Temperature Nominal Supply Voltage-1 Output Characteristics Minimum Operating Temperature Driver No. of Bits Terminal Finish Terminal Position JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Seated Height Nominal Output Peak Current Limit Width Turn-off Time Qualification Output Polarity High Side Driver Additional Features JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Output Current Flow Direction Length Multiplexed Display Capability

STA51813TR

STMicroelectronics

HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

36

SSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

36 V

4

BCD

OVER CURRENT; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE

30 V

.1 us

SMALL OUTLINE, SHRINK PITCH

10 V

.5 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

DUAL

R-PDSO-G36

3

2.47 mm

6 A

7.5 mm

.1 us

Not Qualified

e3

30

260

SOURCE AND SINK

10.3 mm

VNH100N04

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

THROUGH-HOLE

3

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

MOS

TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; THERMAL

.5 mA

SCHMITT TRIGGER

FLANGE MOUNT

OPEN-DRAIN

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

100 A

Not Qualified

TRUE

e0

SINK

L6567D

STMicroelectronics

HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BCD

UNDER VOLTAGE

12 V

1.75 us

SMALL OUTLINE

1.27 mm

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

1.75 mm

.07 A

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

e0

SOURCE AND SINK

8.65 mm

L9026-B03N-TR

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

VNQ05XSP1613TR

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

GULL WING

16

HSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

36 V

1

TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE

13 V

5.5/36

SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, SHRINK PITCH

SOP16,.55,32

Peripheral Drivers

5.5 V

.8 mm

4

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

DUAL

R-PDSO-G16

3

3.6 mm

7.5 mm

Not Qualified

e3

30

250

SOURCE

9.4 mm

VN03SP13TR

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

GULL WING

10

HSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

26 V

1

TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE

13 V

SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG

5.5 V

1.27 mm

DUAL

R-PDSO-G10

3.75 mm

.9 A

7.5 mm

Not Qualified

SOURCE AND SINK

9.4 mm

TDE3207DP

STMicroelectronics

OTHER

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

.15 A

BIPOLAR

24 V

24

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-25 Cel

1

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

Not Qualified

e0

VB025

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

GULL WING

10

HSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.5 V

1

TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; THERMAL; ZENER CLAMP

5 V

SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG

4.5 V

1.27 mm

DUAL

R-PDSO-G10

3.75 mm

10 A

7.5 mm

Not Qualified

SINK

9.4 mm

VNP8TD8

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

VNV10N07-E

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

VNP14N04

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

THROUGH-HOLE

3

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

MOS

TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL

.5 mA

SCHMITT TRIGGER

.5 us

FLANGE MOUNT

OPEN-DRAIN

MATTE TIN

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

14 A

7.5 us

Not Qualified

TRUE

e3

SINK

L6221N

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

THROUGH-HOLE

15

ZIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

5.5 V

1.8 A

4

BIPOLAR

5 V

2 us

5

FLANGE MOUNT

ZIP15,.2,.17TB

Peripheral Drivers

4.5 V

1.27 mm

4

MATTE TIN

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T15

3.2 A

5 us

Not Qualified

e3

SINK

VND920PTR-E

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

GULL WING

28

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

36 V

2

TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE

13 V

8/36

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP28,.4

Peripheral Drivers

5.5 V

1.27 mm

2

DUAL

R-PDSO-G28

3

2.65 mm

45 A

7.5 mm

Not Qualified

SOURCE

17.9 mm

VND920P

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

GULL WING

28

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

36 V

1

TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE

13 V

8/36

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP28,.4

Peripheral Drivers

5.5 V

1.27 mm

2

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G28

2.65 mm

7.5 mm

Not Qualified

e4

SOURCE

17.9 mm

VN20N(011Y)

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

THROUGH-HOLE

5

ZIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

26 V

14 A

1

OVER CURRENT; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE

15 mA

SCHMITT TRIGGER

13 V

13

FLANGE MOUNT

ZIP5H,.15,.7,67TB

Peripheral Drivers

7 V

1.7 mm

OPEN-SOURCE

1

TIN LEAD

ZIG-ZAG

R-PZFM-T5

2.5 A

Not Qualified

TRUE

e0

SOURCE

VN20NSP

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

GULL WING

10

HSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

26 V

1

OVER CURRENT; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE

13 V

SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG

7 V

1.27 mm

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G10

3.55 mm

33 A

7.5 mm

Not Qualified

e0

SOURCE

9.4 mm

VND05B(011Y)

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

AUTOMOTIVE

THROUGH-HOLE

7

ZIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

26 V

2.6 A

1

TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE

13 V

200 us

8/16

FLANGE MOUNT

ZIP7H,.2,.7TB

Peripheral Drivers

6 V

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-40 Cel

2

TIN LEAD

ZIG-ZAG

R-PZFM-T7

1.6 A

250 us

Not Qualified

e0

SOURCE

L9375TRLF

STMicroelectronics

PWM BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

STA501

STMicroelectronics

HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

36

SSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

36 V

1

BCDMOS

THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE

30 V

100 us

SMALL OUTLINE, SHRINK PITCH

10 V

.65 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

MATTE TIN

DUAL

R-PDSO-G36

3.5 mm

6 A

11 mm

100 us

Not Qualified

e3

SOURCE AND SINK

15.9 mm

L99MD02XP

STMicroelectronics

HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

Tin (Sn)

3

e3

30

260

VN16B(011Y)

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

AUTOMOTIVE

THROUGH-HOLE

5

ZIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

26 V

8.8 A

1

OVER CURRENT; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE

13 V

500 us

8/16

FLANGE MOUNT

ZIP5H,.15,.7,67TB

Peripheral Drivers

6 V

1.7 mm

125 Cel

-40 Cel

1

TIN LEAD

ZIG-ZAG

R-PZFM-T5

500 us

Not Qualified

e0

SOURCE

VNS7NV0413TR

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

GULL WING

8

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL

2.3 us

SMALL OUTLINE

1.27 mm

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G8

1.75 mm

9 A

3.9 mm

16 us

Not Qualified

e0

SINK

4.9 mm

VNK14N04FM

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

THROUGH-HOLE

3

TO-251

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

MOS

TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; THERMAL

SCHMITT TRIGGER

.5 us

FLANGE MOUNT

2.5 mm

OPEN-DRAIN

MATTE TIN

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

13.25 mm

14 A

2.95 mm

7.5 us

Not Qualified

TRUE

e3

SINK

7.6 mm

RL9904

STMicroelectronics

HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

L6451P

STMicroelectronics

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

44

QFP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

BCDMOS

5 V

5

FLATPACK

QFP44,.7SQ,40

Peripheral Drivers

1 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

QUAD

S-PQFP-G44

Not Qualified

e0

L9347LF

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

GULL WING

36

HSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.5 V

4

TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; THERMAL

5 V

18 V

20 us

SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, SHRINK PITCH

4.8 V

4.5 V

.65 mm

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

DUAL

R-PDSO-G36

3

3.6 mm

11 mm

30 us

Not Qualified

e3

30

245

SINK

15.9 mm

L6451FN

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

J BEND

44

QCCJ

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

1

BICMOS

TRANSIENT

5 V

CHIP CARRIER

4.75 V

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

QUAD

S-PQCC-J44

4.57 mm

16.5862 mm

Not Qualified

16.5862 mm

L9305A

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

18 V

1.2 A

1

BIPOLAR

OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL

30 mA

14.4 V

3.5/18

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

Peripheral Drivers

3.5 V

2.54 mm

150 Cel

-55 Cel

2

MATTE TIN

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

5.1 mm

2.5 A

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

e3

SINK

20 mm

L9347PD

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

GULL WING

36

HSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.5 V

4

CMOS

TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; THERMAL

5 V

18 V

20 us

5,4.8/18

SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, SHRINK PITCH

SSOP36,.5

4.8 V

Peripheral Drivers

4.5 V

.65 mm

4

MATTE TIN

DUAL

R-PDSO-G36

3.6 mm

11 mm

30 us

Not Qualified

e3

SINK

15.9 mm

L9856-TR-LF

STMicroelectronics

HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

3

STA50813TR

STMicroelectronics

HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

36

SSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

36 V

4

BCD

THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE

30 V

.1 us

SMALL OUTLINE, SHRINK PITCH

10 V

.65 mm

90 Cel

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

DUAL

R-PDSO-G36

3

3.43 mm

6 A

11 mm

.1 us

Not Qualified

e3

30

245

SOURCE AND SINK

15.9 mm

VNV14N04-E

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

MATTE TIN

3

e3

30

250

L6221CD013TR

STMicroelectronics

AND GATE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

GULL WING

20

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.5 V

4

5 V

2000 us

SMALL OUTLINE

4.5 V

1.27 mm

DUAL

R-PDSO-G20

2.65 mm

2.2 A

7.5 mm

5 us

Not Qualified

SINK

12.8 mm

VNP7N04

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

THROUGH-HOLE

3

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

MOS

TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL

.5 mA

SCHMITT TRIGGER

.28 us

FLANGE MOUNT

OPEN-DRAIN

MATTE TIN

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

7 A

4 us

Not Qualified

TRUE

e3

SINK

VB526SP-E

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

3

e3

30

250

TDE3237DP

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

OTHER

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

30 V

.15 A

1

BIPOLAR

OVER CURRENT; THERMAL

24 V

8/30

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

8 V

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-25 Cel

1

MATTE TIN

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

5.08 mm

.5 A

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

e3

SINK

L9301

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

VNP28N04

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

THROUGH-HOLE

3

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

MOS

TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL

.5 mA

SCHMITT TRIGGER

.7 us

FLANGE MOUNT

OPEN-DRAIN

MATTE TIN

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

28 A

10 us

Not Qualified

TRUE

e3

SINK

VN03N011Y

STMicroelectronics

THROUGH-HOLE

5

ZIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

.7 A

13 V

13

IN-LINE

ZIP5H,.15,.7,67TB

Peripheral Drivers

1.7 mm

1

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

ZIG-ZAG

R-PZIP-T5

Not Qualified

e0

VN460SP

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

GULL WING

10

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

36 V

5 A

1

MOS

OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE

13 V

250 us

5.5/36

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP10,.55FL

Peripheral Drivers

5.5 V

1.27 mm

1

MATTE TIN

DUAL

R-PDSO-G10

3.75 mm

5.4 A

7.5 mm

1500 us

Not Qualified

e3

SINK

9.4 mm

STA501013TR

STMicroelectronics

HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

36

SSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

36 V

1

BCDMOS

THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE

30 V

100 us

SMALL OUTLINE, SHRINK PITCH

10 V

.65 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G36

3.5 mm

6 A

11 mm

100 us

Not Qualified

SOURCE AND SINK

15.9 mm

L9375LF

STMicroelectronics

PWM BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

GULL WING

36

SSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

2 A

1

OVER CURRENT; UNDER VOLTAGE

38 V

38

SMALL OUTLINE, SHRINK PITCH

SSOP36,.56

Peripheral Drivers

.65 mm

8

DUAL

R-PDSO-G36

3.6 mm

11 mm

Not Qualified

SINK

15.9 mm

VNP14N04FI

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

THROUGH-HOLE

3

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

MOS

TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT; THERMAL

SCHMITT TRIGGER

.5 us

FLANGE MOUNT

OPEN-DRAIN

MATTE TIN

SINGLE

R-PSFM-T3

14 A

7.5 us

Not Qualified

TRUE

e3

SINK

L9341H

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

AUTOMOTIVE

THROUGH-HOLE

15

ZIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

5.3 V

1.5 A

4

BCDMOS

OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE

5 V

24 V

5

FLANGE MOUNT

ZIP15H,.1,.8TB

8 V

Peripheral Drivers

4.7 V

1.27 mm

150 Cel

-40 Cel

4

ZIG-ZAG

R-PZFM-T15

2.5 A

Not Qualified

e0

SINK

TDE1767DP

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

OTHER

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

45 V

.5 A

1

BIPOLAR

OVER CURRENT; THERMAL

6/45

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

6 V

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-25 Cel

1

MATTE TIN

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

5.08 mm

.7 A

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

e3

SOURCE

TDE1737FP

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

OTHER

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

45 V

1 A

1

BIPOLAR

OVER CURRENT; THERMAL

24 V

24

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

Peripheral Drivers

8 V

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-25 Cel

1

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

1

1.75 mm

1 A

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

e4

SOURCE

8.65 mm

L9954LXP

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

GULL WING

36

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

SMALL OUTLINE

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

DUAL

R-PDSO-G36

3

Not Qualified

e3

30

260

SOURCE AND SINK

L9339

STMicroelectronics

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

AUTOMOTIVE

GULL WING

20

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

32 V

1

BCDMOS

TRANSIENT; THERMAL

3.5 us

4.5/32

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP20,.4

Peripheral Drivers

4.5 V

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-40 Cel

4

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G20

3

2.65 mm

.7 A

7.5 mm

4.5 us

Not Qualified

TTL AND CMOS COMPATIBLE INPUTS

e4

30

260

SINK

12.8 mm

Peripheral Drivers

Peripheral drivers are electronic components that control and drive the operation of peripheral devices in electronic systems, such as motors, sensors, and actuators. They are commonly used in industrial and commercial applications that require precise and reliable control of peripheral devices.

Peripheral drivers can be classified into several types based on their specific functions and applications, including motor drivers, sensor drivers, and actuator drivers. These drivers can also include power supplies, amplifiers, and motor controllers, among other components.

Motor drivers are used to control and drive the operation of DC and stepper motors, and they typically include a microcontroller, power MOSFETs, and protection circuitry. Sensor drivers are used to interface with and drive sensors, which are electronic devices that detect and respond to physical stimuli. They typically include an analog-to-digital converter and signal conditioning circuitry. Actuator drivers are used to control and drive the operation of actuators, which are devices that produce a mechanical motion when energized. They are commonly used in industrial automation and control applications.

Peripheral drivers are typically characterized by their voltage and current ratings, as well as their efficiency and reliability. They play a critical role in ensuring the precise and reliable control of peripheral devices in electronic systems.