OR/NOR GATE Logic Gates 315

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Logic IC Type Temperature Grade Terminal Form No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Total Dose (V) Package Body Material Schmitt Trigger Surface Mount No. of Functions Technology Screening Level No. of Inputs No. of Bits Translation Packing Method Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V) Power Supplies (V) Load Capacitance (CL) Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Propagation Delay (tpd) Maximum I (ol) Sub-Category Terminal Pitch Maximum Operating Temperature Output Characteristics Minimum Operating Temperature Terminal Finish Terminal Position Control Type Minimum fmax JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Seated Height Width Qualification Output Polarity Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Power Supply Current (ICC) Additional Features JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Length Family

CD4078BNSRE4

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

1

CMOS

8

TR

5

5/15

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.3

300 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

1

18 V

2 mm

5.3 mm

Not Qualified

3 V

e4

30

260

10.2 mm

4000/14000/40000

CD4078BF3A

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

1

CMOS

38535Q/M;38534H;883B

8

TUBE

5

5/15

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

300 ns

1.5 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

18 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

3 V

.15 mA

e0

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.56 mm

4000/14000/40000

74ACT11802DW

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

3

CMOS

4

5

5

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.4

8.1 ns

24 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

5.5 V

2.65 mm

7.5 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

CENTER PIN VCC AND GND

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

15.4 mm

ACT

SN54HC4078AFK-00

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

1

CMOS

8

5

50 pF

CHIP CARRIER

39 ns

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-CQCC-N20

6 V

2.03 mm

8.89 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

8.89 mm

HC/UH

CD4078BNSRG4

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

1

CMOS

8

TR

5

5/15

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.3

300 ns

Gate

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

1

18 V

2 mm

5.3 mm

Not Qualified

3 V

e4

30

260

10.2 mm

4000/14000/40000

SN74HC4078AN-00

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

CMOS

8

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

33 ns

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

6 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

19.305 mm

HC/UH

SN74HC4078AN3

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

1

CMOS

8

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

165 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

6 V

2 V

SN54HC4078AFH

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC

NO

YES

1

CMOS

8

5

5

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

195 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-XQCC-N20

6 V

Not Qualified

2 V

74ACT11802DWR

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

3

CMOS

4

TR

5

5

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.4

8.1 ns

24 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

5.5 V

2.65 mm

7.5 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

CENTER PIN VCC AND GND

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

15.4 mm

ACT

SN74HC4078AFH

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC

NO

YES

1

CMOS

8

5

5

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

165 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

QUAD

S-XQCC-N20

6 V

Not Qualified

2 V

SN74AS802J

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

TTL

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T20

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74HC4078N

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

CMOS

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

Not Qualified

SN74AS802J4

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

TTL

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T20

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74HC4078ADR-00

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

8

5

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

33 ns

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

6 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

8.65 mm

HC/UH

CD4078BMG4

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

1

CMOS

8

TUBE

5

5/15

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

300 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

1

18 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

3 V

e4

30

260

8.65 mm

4000/14000/40000

SNJ54HC4078AJ

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

1

CMOS

38535Q/M;38534H;883B

8

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

195 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

6 V

Not Qualified

2 V

CD4078BPWG4

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

1

CMOS

8

TUBE

5

5/15

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP14,.25

300 ns

Gates

.65 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

1

18 V

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

3 V

e4

30

260

5 mm

4000/14000/40000

SN74AS802N-10

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

3

TTL

4

5

IN-LINE

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T20

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

24.325 mm

AS

SN74AS802NP1

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

TTL

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T20

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

74AC11802DWR

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

3

CMOS

4

5

SMALL OUTLINE

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

5.5 V

2.65 mm

7.5 mm

Not Qualified

3 V

15.4 mm

AC

SNJ54HC4078AFK

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC

NO

YES

1

CMOS

38535Q/M;38534H;883B

8

5

5

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

195 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-XQCC-N20

6 V

Not Qualified

2 V

SN54AS802FH-00

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

3

TTL

4

5

CHIP CARRIER

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-CQCC-N20

5.5 V

2.54 mm

8.89 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

8.89 mm

AS

SN74HC4078AD3

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

1

CMOS

8

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

165 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

6 V

2 V

SN74HC4078ANP3

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

1

CMOS

8

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

165 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

6 V

2 V

SN54AS802J-00

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

3

TTL

4

5

IN-LINE

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T20

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

24.195 mm

AS

CD4078BF

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

1

CMOS

8

TUBE

5

5/15

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

300 ns

1.5 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

18 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

3 V

.15 mA

e0

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.43 mm

4000/14000/40000

SN74HC4078AJ4

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

1

CMOS

8

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

165 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

6 V

2 V

74AC11802DW

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

3

CMOS

4

5

3.3/5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.4

24 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

5.5 V

2.65 mm

7.5 mm

Not Qualified

3 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

15.4 mm

AC

SNJ54AS802J

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

TTL

38535Q/M;38534H;883B

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T20

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74AS802NP3

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

TTL

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T20

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74HC4078AD

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

1

CMOS

8

5

5

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

165 ns

5.2 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

6 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

8.65 mm

HC/UH

SN74AS802FN3

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

J BEND

20

QCCJ

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

TTL

CHIP CARRIER

LDCC20,.4SQ

Gates

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

QUAD

S-PQCC-J20

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74AS802N

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

TTL

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T20

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74AS802FN-00

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

J BEND

20

QCCJ

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

3

TTL

4

5

CHIP CARRIER

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

QUAD

S-PQCC-J20

5.5 V

4.57 mm

8.9662 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

8.9662 mm

AS

CD4078BME4

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

1

CMOS

8

TUBE

5

5/15

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

300 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

1

18 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

3 V

e4

30

260

8.65 mm

4000/14000/40000

CD4078BH

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

12

DIE

RECTANGULAR

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

CMOS

8

5

UNCASED CHIP

300 ns

125 Cel

-55 Cel

UPPER

R-XUUC-N12

18 V

Not Qualified

3 V

4000/14000/40000

SN74AS802N1

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

TTL

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T20

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

CD4078BPWE4

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

1

CMOS

8

TUBE

5

5/15

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP14,.25

300 ns

6.8 Amp

Gates

.65 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

1

18 V

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

3 V

.15 mA

e4

30

260

5 mm

4000/14000/40000

SN54AS802FH

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC

NO

YES

TTL

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-XQCC-N20

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

74AC11802NT

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

3

CMOS

4

5

3.3/5

IN-LINE

DIP24,.3

24 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T24

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

3 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

31.64 mm

AC

SN74HC4078AN

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

1

CMOS

8

5

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

165 ns

5.2 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

6 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.305 mm

HC/UH

SNJ54AS802FH

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC

NO

YES

TTL

38535Q/M;38534H;883B

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-XQCC-N20

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74HC4078ADR

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

1

CMOS

8

TR

5

5

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

165 ns

5.2 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

6 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

8.65 mm

HC/UH

SN54HC4078AJ-00

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

1

CMOS

8

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

39 ns

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

6 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

19.56 mm

HC/UH

SN54HC4078AFK

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

NO

YES

1

CMOS

8

5

5

50 pF

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

195 ns

5.2 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-CQCC-N20

6 V

2.03 mm

8.89 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

8.89 mm

HC/UH

SNJ54HC4078AFK-00

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

1

CMOS

8

5

50 pF

CHIP CARRIER

39 ns

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-CQCC-N20

6 V

2.03 mm

8.89 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

8.89 mm

HC/UH

CD4078BD

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

NO

1

CMOS

8

5

IN-LINE

300 ns

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-CDIP-T14

18 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

3 V

19.43 mm

4000/14000/40000

SN74AS802N3

Texas Instruments

OR/NOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

TTL

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T20

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

Logic Gates

Logic gates are electronic circuits that perform basic logical operations on one or more inputs to produce a single output. They are the building blocks of digital circuits and are used to implement digital logic functions, such as AND, OR, NOT, XOR, and NAND.

Logic gates are designed using various technologies, including transistor-transistor logic (TTL), complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). They can be classified into three main types based on their operation: combinational logic gates, sequential logic gates, and programmable logic gates.

Combinational logic gates are logic gates that produce an output based solely on the current input values. These gates include the AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate, XOR gate, and NAND gate. The output of a combinational logic gate depends on the input values and the logic function implemented by the gate.

Sequential logic gates are logic gates that have memory elements and can store information. These gates include the SR flip-flop, D flip-flop, JK flip-flop, and T flip-flop. The output of a sequential logic gate depends on the current input values and the previous state of the gate.

Programmable logic gates are logic gates that can be programmed to implement different logic functions. These gates include programmable logic arrays (PLAs), programmable array logic (PALs), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Programmable logic gates can be reprogrammed to adapt to changing system requirements.

Logic gates are used in various applications, including digital signal processing, control systems, and memory systems. They are essential components of digital systems and can be found in many electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones, and digital cameras.