DFP Logic Gates 2,400+

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Part	Manufacturer	Logic IC Type	Temperature Grade	Terminal Form	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Package Body Material	Schmitt Trigger	Surface Mount	No. of Functions	Technology	Screening Level	No. of Inputs	Packing Method	Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V)	Power Supplies (V)	Load Capacitance (CL)	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Propagation Delay (tpd)	Maximum I (ol)	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Output Characteristics	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Terminal Position	JESD-30 Code	Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup)	Maximum Seated Height	Width	Qualification	Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup)	Maximum Power Supply Current (ICC)	Additional Features	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length	Family
SN54ALS01W	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC	NO	YES		TTL							FLATPACK	FL14,.3			Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDFP-F14				Not Qualified
SNJ54L01T-16	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		60 ns				125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	2.04 mA						TTL/H/L
5962-9231901MDX	Texas Instruments	XOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL	MIL-STD-883	2		5			FLATPACK		30 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.21 mm	LS
SN54LVC04AW	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	6	CMOS		1		2.7			FLATPACK		5.5 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	3.6 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	2 V						9.21 mm	LVC/LCX/Z
SN54L55T-12	Texas Instruments	AND-OR-INVERT GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	1	TTL		8		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		60 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	.65 mA	EXPANDABLE					TTL/H/L
SN54L02T-17	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		60 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	2.6 mA						TTL/H/L
SN54HC86W	Texas Instruments	XOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	CMOS		2		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		150 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	6 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	2 V						9.21 mm	HC/UH
SNJ54LV132AW	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	YES	YES	4	CMOS	MIL-PRF-38535	2	TUBE	2.5	3.3	50 pF	FLATPACK	FL14,.25	23 ns	6 Amp	Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel	3-STATE	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.285 mm	Not Qualified	2 V						9.21 mm	LV/LV-A/LVX/H
SN54AHC14W	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	OTHER	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	6	CMOS		1		3.3		50 pF	FLATPACK		18.5 ns			1.27 mm	85 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	2 V						9.21 mm	AHC
SNJ54L51T-10	Texas Instruments	AND-OR-INVERT GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	2	TTL		6		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		60 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	1.3 mA	ASYMMETRICAL I/P'S					TTL/H/L
SN54ALS33W	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC	NO	YES	4	TTL		2		5	5		FLATPACK	FL14,.3	59 ns		Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDFP-F14	5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED
SN54L86T-14	Texas Instruments	XOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		150 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	6.68 mA						TTL/H/L
SNJ54L86T-04	Texas Instruments	XOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		150 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	6.68 mA						TTL/H/L
SN54AHC32W	Texas Instruments	OR GATE	OTHER	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	CMOS		2		3.3		50 pF	FLATPACK		13 ns			1.27 mm	85 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	2 V						9.21 mm	AHC
SN54H04W	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	YES	6	TTL		1		5		25 pF	FLATPACK	FL14,.3	10 ns		Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	58 mA	CENTER PIN VCC AND GND		NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.21 mm	TTL/H/L
SNJ54ALS1035W	Texas Instruments	BUFFER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	YES	6	TTL	MIL-PRF-38535	1	TUBE	5	5		FLATPACK	FL14,.25	35 ns	12 Amp	Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.285 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	14 mA	IOH = 0.1MA @ VOH = 5.5V; IOL = 12MA @ VOL = 0.4V				9.21 mm	ALS
SNJ54S10W	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	YES	3	TTL	MIL-PRF-38535	3	TUBE	5	5	15 pF	FLATPACK	FL14,.3	5 ns	.4 Amp	Gate	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	5.97 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	27 mA		e0			9.21 mm	S
SNJ54L20T-06	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	2	TTL		4		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		60 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	1.02 mA						TTL/H/L
SNJ54L04T-01	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	6	TTL		1		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		60 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	3.06 mA						TTL/H/L
5962-8683301DX	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	YES	4	TTL	MIL-STD-883	2		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		15 ns	4 Amp		1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Qualified	4.5 V	3 mA			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.21 mm	ALS
SNJ54L20T-01	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	2	TTL		4		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		60 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	1.02 mA						TTL/H/L
SNJ54ALS02W	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC	NO	YES	4	TTL	38535Q/M;38534H;883B	2		5	5		FLATPACK	FL14,.3	18 ns		Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDFP-F14	5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V
5962-8857601DA	Texas Instruments	AND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED	NO	YES	2	CMOS	MIL-STD-883	4		4.5	2/6		FLATPACK	FL14,.3	265 ns		Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDFP-F14	6 V			Not Qualified	2 V				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		HC/UH
SN54LS132W	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED	YES	YES	4	TTL		2		5	5	15 pF	FLATPACK	FL14,.3	22 ns	4 Amp	Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-CDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	14 mA			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.21 mm	LS
SNJ5425W-00	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	2	TTL		4		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		15 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	19 mA	STROBED O/P'S				9.21 mm	TTL/H/L
DM5408W	Texas Instruments	AND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5			FLATPACK		27 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.032 mm	6.2865 mm		4.5 V		LG-MAX				9.779 mm	TTL/H/L
SNJ54L04T-04	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	6	TTL		1		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		60 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	3.06 mA						TTL/H/L
SN74S436W	Texas Instruments	LOGIC CIRCUIT	COMMERCIAL	FLAT	16	DFP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY		YES		TTL							FLATPACK	FL16,.3			Gates	1.27 mm	70 Cel		0 Cel		DUAL	R-PDFP-F16				Not Qualified
5962-9680101VDX	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	YES	YES	6	CMOS	MIL-PRF-38535 Class V	1		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		9 ns	8 Amp		1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.285 mm	Qualified	4.5 V	.02 mA					9.21 mm	AHCT/VHCT
SN5410W-00	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	3	TTL		3		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		15 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	16.5 mA					9.21 mm	TTL/H/L
SNJ54LV05AWR	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED		YES	6	CMOS	MIL-PRF-38535	1		2.5			FLATPACK		19.5 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-DRAIN	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-CDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.285 mm	Not Qualified	2 V						9.21 mm	LV/LV-A/LVX/H
SN54LS51W	Texas Instruments	AND-OR-INVERT GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	YES	2	TTL		6		5	5	15 pF	FLATPACK	FL14,.3	20 ns		Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	2.8 mA	ASYMMETRICAL I/P'S		NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.21 mm	LS
SN54LS04W-00	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	6	TTL		1		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		15 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	6.6 mA					9.21 mm	LS
SNJ54LS38W-10	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		45 pF	FLATPACK		28 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	12 mA					9.21 mm	LS
5962-8954702DX	Texas Instruments	AND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	YES	4	CMOS	MIL-STD-883	2		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		10 ns	50 Amp		1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Qualified	4.5 V	.04 mA			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.21 mm	ACT
SNJ54LS86W-10	Texas Instruments	XOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		22 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	10 mA					9.21 mm	LS
SN54HCT00W	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	CMOS		2		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		30 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V						9.21 mm	HCT
SNJ54L86T-03	Texas Instruments	XOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		150 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	6.68 mA						TTL/H/L
SN54S134W-10	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	16	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	1	TTL		12		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		7.5 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel	3-STATE	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F16	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.73 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	25 mA					10.2 mm	S
SN54S37W-10	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		6.5 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	80 mA					9.21 mm	S
5962-8854001DX	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	YES	6	TTL	MIL-STD-883	1		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		84 ns	8 Amp		1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Qualified	4.5 V	4.2 mA			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.21 mm	ALS
SNJ54L20T-07	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	2	TTL		4		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		60 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	1.02 mA						TTL/H/L
SNJ54L10T-05	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	3	TTL		3		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		60 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	1.53 mA						TTL/H/L
SNJ54ACT11W	Texas Instruments	AND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	YES	3	CMOS	MIL-PRF-38535	3	TUBE	5	5	50 pF	FLATPACK	FL14,.3	10.5 ns	24 Amp	Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.285 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	.04 mA		e0	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.21 mm	ACT
SN54LS32W	Texas Instruments	OR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	YES	4	TTL		2		5	5	15 pF	FLATPACK	FL14,.3	22 ns		Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	9.8 mA			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.21 mm	LS
SNJ54AHCT08W	Texas Instruments	AND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	YES	4	CMOS		2	TUBE	5	5	50 pF	FLATPACK	FL14,.3	9 ns	8 Amp	Gate	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	.02 mA		e0	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.21 mm	AHCT/VHCT/VT
SNJ54ACT08W	Texas Instruments	AND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	YES	4	CMOS	MIL-PRF-38535	2	TUBE	5	5	50 pF	FLATPACK	FL14,.3	10 ns	24 Amp	Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	.08 mA		e0	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.21 mm	ACT
JM38510/07003BDA	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	6	TTL	MIL-M-38510 Class B	1		5			FLATPACK		7.5 ns	20 Amp		1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	DUAL	R-GDFP-F14	5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.285 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	54 mA		e0	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.21 mm	S

Logic Gates

Logic gates are electronic circuits that perform basic logical operations on one or more inputs to produce a single output. They are the building blocks of digital circuits and are used to implement digital logic functions, such as AND, OR, NOT, XOR, and NAND.

Logic gates are designed using various technologies, including transistor-transistor logic (TTL), complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). They can be classified into three main types based on their operation: combinational logic gates, sequential logic gates, and programmable logic gates.

Combinational logic gates are logic gates that produce an output based solely on the current input values. These gates include the AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate, XOR gate, and NAND gate. The output of a combinational logic gate depends on the input values and the logic function implemented by the gate.

Sequential logic gates are logic gates that have memory elements and can store information. These gates include the SR flip-flop, D flip-flop, JK flip-flop, and T flip-flop. The output of a sequential logic gate depends on the current input values and the previous state of the gate.

Programmable logic gates are logic gates that can be programmed to implement different logic functions. These gates include programmable logic arrays (PLAs), programmable array logic (PALs), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Programmable logic gates can be reprogrammed to adapt to changing system requirements.

Logic gates are used in various applications, including digital signal processing, control systems, and memory systems. They are essential components of digital systems and can be found in many electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones, and digital cameras.