COMMERCIAL Logic Gates 2,400+

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Logic IC Type Temperature Grade Terminal Form No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Total Dose (V) Package Body Material Schmitt Trigger Surface Mount No. of Functions Technology Screening Level No. of Inputs No. of Bits Translation Packing Method Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V) Power Supplies (V) Load Capacitance (CL) Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Propagation Delay (tpd) Maximum I (ol) Sub-Category Terminal Pitch Maximum Operating Temperature Output Characteristics Minimum Operating Temperature Terminal Finish Terminal Position Control Type Minimum fmax JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Seated Height Width Qualification Output Polarity Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Power Supply Current (ICC) Additional Features JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Length Family

SN74ALS28AJ4

Texas Instruments

NOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN7425N1

Texas Instruments

NOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

2

TTL

4

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

22 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

SN74LS54J

Texas Instruments

AND-OR-INVERT GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

1

TTL

10

5

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

20 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.75 V

2 mA

2-3-3-2 INPUT

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.56 mm

LS

SN74H20JP4

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

2

TTL

4

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

10 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

5.25 V

4.75 V

SN74LS55J-00

Texas Instruments

AND-OR-INVERT GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

1

TTL

8

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

20 ns

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.75 V

1.3 mA

EXPANDABLE

19.56 mm

LS

SN74AS811D

Texas Instruments

XNOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

4

TTL

2

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

11.5 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.5 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

8.65 mm

AS

SN74ALS00J4

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

4

TTL

2

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

11 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

5.5 V

4.5 V

SN74136J

Texas Instruments

XOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

4

TTL

2

5

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

55 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.75 V

50 mA

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.56 mm

TTL/H/L

SN74L10N

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

Not Qualified

SN74F00NE4

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

4

TTL

2

TUBE

5

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

5.3 ns

20 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

10.2 mA

e4

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.305 mm

F/FAST

SN7422J-00

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

2

TTL

4

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

15 ns

2.54 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.75 V

11 mA

19.56 mm

TTL/H/L

SN74AS86D3

Texas Instruments

XOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

4

TTL

2

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

7.5 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.5 V

4.5 V

SN74AS1008JP4

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

4

TTL

2

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

6 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

5.5 V

4.5 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74ALS804-1NP3

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

6

TTL

2

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

8 ns

48 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T20

5.5 V

4.5 V

12 mA

SN74ALS86FN3

Texas Instruments

XOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

J BEND

20

QCCJ

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

4

TTL

2

5

5

CHIP CARRIER

LDCC20,.4SQ

17 ns

8 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

QUAD

S-PQCC-J20

5.5 V

4.5 V

5.9 mA

SN74AS804ANP1

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

6

TTL

2

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

9 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T20

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

27 mA

DM74ALS1005AM

Texas Instruments

INVERTER

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

6

TTL

1

5

IN-LINE

30 ns

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

5.5 V

4.5 V

e0

ALS

SN74S436N1

Texas Instruments

LOGIC CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

TTL

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

Not Qualified

SN74LS15DR

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

3

TTL

3

5

15 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

35 ns

1.27 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.25 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

4.75 V

6.6 mA

8.65 mm

LS

SN74LS05DBRG4

Texas Instruments

INVERTER

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

6

TTL

1

TR

5

5

15 pF

SMALL OUTLINE, SHRINK PITCH

SSOP14,.3

32 ns

8 Amp

Gates

.65 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

1

5.25 V

2 mm

5.3 mm

Not Qualified

4.75 V

6.6 mA

e4

30

260

6.2 mm

LS

SN74AS27JP4

Texas Instruments

NOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

3

TTL

3

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

5.5 ns

20 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

5.5 V

4.5 V

17.1 mA

SN7417J-00

Texas Instruments

BUFFER

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

6

TTL

1

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

30 ns

2.54 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.75 V

41 mA

19.56 mm

TTL/H/L

SN74LS04DE4

Texas Instruments

INVERTER

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

6

TTL

1

TUBE

5

5

15 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

15 ns

8 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

1

5.25 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

4.75 V

6.6 mA

e4

30

260

8.65 mm

LS

SN74LS33N3

Texas Instruments

NOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

4

TTL

2

5

5

45 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

28 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.75 V

13.8 mA

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.305 mm

LS

SN74ALS1008AFN3

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

COMMERCIAL

J BEND

20

QCCJ

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

4

TTL

2

5

5

CHIP CARRIER

LDCC20,.4SQ

9 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

QUAD

S-PQCC-J20

5.5 V

4.5 V

SN74AS1008ADRG4

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

4

TTL

2

TR

5

5

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

6 ns

48 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.5 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

22 mA

IOH = 48MA @ VOH = 2V; IOL = 48MA @ VOL = 0.5V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

8.65 mm

AS

SN7486NP3

Texas Instruments

XOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

SN74H30J

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

1

TTL

8

5

5

25 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

12 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.75 V

10 mA

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.56 mm

TTL/H/L

SN74S30DR

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

1

TTL

8

TR

5

5

15 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

7 ns

20 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.25 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

4.75 V

10 mA

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

8.65 mm

S

SN74ALS01NP1

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

TTL

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

Not Qualified

SN74ALS1004D3

Texas Instruments

INVERTER

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

6

TTL

1

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

7 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.5 V

4.5 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74ALS08FN3

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

COMMERCIAL

J BEND

20

QCCJ

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

4

TTL

2

5

5

CHIP CARRIER

LDCC20,.4SQ

14 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

QUAD

S-PQCC-J20

5.5 V

4.5 V

SN74H30J4

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

1

TTL

8

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

12 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

5.25 V

4.75 V

SN74S32N-00

Texas Instruments

OR GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

4

TTL

2

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

7 ns

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.75 V

68 mA

19.305 mm

S

SN74LS24ADR

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

4

TTL

2

5

15 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

40 ns

1.27 mm

70 Cel

TOTEM POLE

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.25 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

4.75 V

20 mA

8.65 mm

LS

SN74ALS804ANE4

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

20

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

6

TTL

2

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP20,.3

8 ns

24 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDIP-T20

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

12 mA

e4

25.4 mm

ALS

SN74ALS38BD

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

4

TTL

2

TUBE

5

5

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

12 ns

24 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

1

5.5 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

7.8 mA

e4

NOT SPECIFIED

260

8.65 mm

ALS

SN74S436N3

Texas Instruments

LOGIC CIRCUIT

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

TTL

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

SN74AS32FN

Texas Instruments

OR GATE

COMMERCIAL

J BEND

20

QCCJ

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

4

TTL

2

5

5

CHIP CARRIER

LDCC20,.4SQ

5.8 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

QUAD

S-PQCC-J20

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74AS02NSRG4

Texas Instruments

NOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

4

TTL

2

TR

5

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.3

4.5 ns

20 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

1

5.5 V

2 mm

5.3 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

20.1 mA

e4

30

260

10.2 mm

AS

SN74ALS08N-10

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

4

TTL

2

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

10 ns

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

4 mA

19.305 mm

ALS

SN74AS1032ANE4

Texas Instruments

OR GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

4

TTL

2

TUBE

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

6.3 ns

48 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

3-STATE

0 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

24 mA

IOH = 48MA @ VOH = 2V; IOL = 48MA @ VOL = 0.5V

e4

19.305 mm

AS

SN74S15D

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

3

TTL

3

5

15 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

9 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.25 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

4.75 V

42 mA

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

8.65 mm

S

SN7412N3

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

3

TTL

3

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

45 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

5.25 V

4.75 V

5962-01-247-1931

Texas Instruments

INVERTER

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

TTL

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN74LS86J-00

Texas Instruments

XOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

4

TTL

2

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

22 ns

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.75 V

10 mA

19.56 mm

LS

SN74S09J4

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

4

TTL

2

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

10 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

5.5 V

4.5 V

SN74LS386NP3

Texas Instruments

XOR GATE

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

4

TTL

2

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

30 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

5.25 V

4.75 V

Logic Gates

Logic gates are electronic circuits that perform basic logical operations on one or more inputs to produce a single output. They are the building blocks of digital circuits and are used to implement digital logic functions, such as AND, OR, NOT, XOR, and NAND.

Logic gates are designed using various technologies, including transistor-transistor logic (TTL), complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). They can be classified into three main types based on their operation: combinational logic gates, sequential logic gates, and programmable logic gates.

Combinational logic gates are logic gates that produce an output based solely on the current input values. These gates include the AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate, XOR gate, and NAND gate. The output of a combinational logic gate depends on the input values and the logic function implemented by the gate.

Sequential logic gates are logic gates that have memory elements and can store information. These gates include the SR flip-flop, D flip-flop, JK flip-flop, and T flip-flop. The output of a sequential logic gate depends on the current input values and the previous state of the gate.

Programmable logic gates are logic gates that can be programmed to implement different logic functions. These gates include programmable logic arrays (PLAs), programmable array logic (PALs), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Programmable logic gates can be reprogrammed to adapt to changing system requirements.

Logic gates are used in various applications, including digital signal processing, control systems, and memory systems. They are essential components of digital systems and can be found in many electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones, and digital cameras.