FLAT Logic Gates 2,400+

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Part	Manufacturer	Logic IC Type	Temperature Grade	Terminal Form	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Package Body Material	Schmitt Trigger	Surface Mount	No. of Functions	Technology	Screening Level	No. of Inputs	Packing Method	Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V)	Power Supplies (V)	Load Capacitance (CL)	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Propagation Delay (tpd)	Maximum I (ol)	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Output Characteristics	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Terminal Position	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup)	Maximum Seated Height	Width	Qualification	Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup)	Maximum Power Supply Current (ICC)	Additional Features	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length	Family
SN54LS00W-00	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		15 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	4.4 mA					9.21 mm	LS
5962-9665801QDX	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	YES	YES	6	TTL	MIL-PRF-38535 Class Q	1		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		22 ns	4 Amp		1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.285 mm	Qualified	4.5 V	21 mA			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.21 mm	LS
SN54L54T-00	Texas Instruments	AND-OR-INVERT GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	1	TTL		10		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		60 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	.99 mA						TTL/H/L
SNJ54HCT14WR	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED		YES	6	CMOS	MIL-PRF-38535	1		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		48 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-CDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.285 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V						9.21 mm	HCT
5962-8762401DA	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	YES	YES	1	CMOS	MIL-PRF-38535	1	TUBE	3		50 pF	FLATPACK	FL14,.3	16 ns	24 Amp	Gate	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		6 V	2.03 mm	6.285 mm	Qualified	2 V	.02 mA		e0	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.21 mm	AC
SNJ5440W-10	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	2	TTL		4		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		15 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	27 mA					9.21 mm	TTL/H/L
SN5438W-10	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		45 pF	FLATPACK		18 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	54 mA					9.21 mm	TTL/H/L
SN5454W-10	Texas Instruments	AND-OR-INVERT GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	1	TTL		8		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		15 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	9.5 mA					9.21 mm	TTL/H/L
SNJ54LS33W-10	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		45 pF	FLATPACK		28 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	13.8 mA					9.21 mm	LS
5962-01-070-9491	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC	NO	YES		TTL	38535Q/M;38534H;883B			5	5	15 pF	FLATPACK	FL14,.3		20 Amp	Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDFP-F14					Not Qualified		45 mA			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED
SNJ54H87W-10	Texas Instruments	INVERTER/BUFFER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		1		5		25 pF	FLATPACK		25 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	78 mA	STROBED O/P'S				9.21 mm	TTL/H/L
SNJ54L30T-03	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	1	TTL		8		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		100 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	.51 mA						TTL/H/L
SN74AUP1G58DRLR	Texas Instruments	MAJORITY LOGIC GATE	INDUSTRIAL	FLAT	6	VSOF	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	YES	1	CMOS		3	TR	1.2	1.2/3.3	30 pF	SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE	FL6,.047,20	26.2 ns	4 Amp	Gates	.5 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD SILVER	DUAL	R-PDSO-F6	1	3.6 V	.6 mm	1.2 mm	Not Qualified	.8 V	.0009 mA		e4	30	260	1.6 mm	AUP/ULP/V
SNJ54LS08W-00	Texas Instruments	AND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		20 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	8.8 mA					9.21 mm	LS
SNJ54AS832BW	Texas Instruments	OR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	20	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	YES	6	TTL	MIL-PRF-38535	2		5	5		FLATPACK	FL20,.3	7.5 ns	40 Amp	Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F20		5.5 V	2.45 mm	6.92 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	36 mA					13.09 mm	AS
SN54HCT04W	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	6	CMOS		1		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		30 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V						9.21 mm	HCT
JM38510/00302BDB	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		45 pF	FLATPACK		15 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	54 mA					9.21 mm	TTL/H/L
JM38510/00403BDA	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	2	TTL		4		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		15 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	19 mA	STROBED O/P'S				9.21 mm	TTL/H/L
SNJ54S65W-00	Texas Instruments	AND-OR-INVERT GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	1	TTL		11		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		8.5 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	16 mA					9.21 mm	S
SN54L86T-13	Texas Instruments	XOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		150 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	6.68 mA						TTL/H/L
SN54H61W-10	Texas Instruments	AND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	3	TTL		3		5			FLATPACK					1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	16 mA					9.21 mm	TTL/H/L
SNJ5401W-10	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		15 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	22 mA					9.21 mm	TTL/H/L
SNJ54S05W-00	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	6	TTL		1		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		7 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	54 mA					9.21 mm	S
CD4012AK	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED		YES	2	CMOS		4		5			FLATPACK		150 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-CDFP-F14		12 V	2.92 mm	6.285 mm	Not Qualified	3 V						9.525 mm	4000/14000/40000
SN54ACT08W	Texas Instruments	AND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	CMOS		2		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		10 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V						9.21 mm	ACT
SNJ54H54W-10	Texas Instruments	AND-OR-INVERT GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	1	TTL		9		5		25 pF	FLATPACK		11 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	14 mA					9.21 mm	TTL/H/L
5962-01-192-1761	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC	NO	YES		TTL	38535Q/M;38534H;883B			5	5	15 pF	FLATPACK	FL14,.3		4 Amp	Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-XDFP-F14					Not Qualified		5.4 mA			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED
SNJ54S09W-00	Texas Instruments	AND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		10 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	57 mA					9.21 mm	S
SNJ54LS15W-00	Texas Instruments	AND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	3	TTL		3		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		35 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	6.6 mA					9.21 mm	LS
5962-8772201DX	Texas Instruments	OR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	3	CMOS	MIL-STD-883	3		4.5			FLATPACK		175 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		6 V			Not Qualified	2 V							HC/UH
SN74AUP1G00DRLRG4	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	INDUSTRIAL	FLAT	5	VSOF	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	NO	YES	1	CMOS		2	TR	1.2	1.2/3.3	30 pF	SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE	FL6,.047,20	27.1 ns	1.7 Amp	Gates	.5 mm	85 Cel	3-STATE	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	DUAL	R-PDSO-F5	1	3.6 V	.6 mm	1.2 mm	Not Qualified	.8 V			e4	30	260	1.6 mm	AUP/ULP/V
SN54AHCT32W	Texas Instruments	OR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	CMOS		2		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		9 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V						9.21 mm	AHCT/VHCT
SNJ54LS132W-00	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		22 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	14 mA					9.21 mm	LS
5962-8683801DA	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	YES	3	TTL	MIL-STD-883	3	TUBE	5	5	50 pF	FLATPACK	FL14,.3	26 ns	.4 Amp	Gate	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	5.97 mm	Qualified	4.5 V	4 mA		e0			9.21 mm	ALS
SNJ54H52W-00	Texas Instruments	AND-OR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	1	TTL		9		5		25 pF	FLATPACK		15 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	31 mA	EXPANDABLE				9.21 mm	TTL/H/L
SNJ54L00T-01	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		60 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	2.04 mA						TTL/H/L
SN54L10T-11	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	3	TTL		3		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		60 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	1.53 mA						TTL/H/L
SN54L01T-04	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		60 ns				125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	2.04 mA						TTL/H/L
SN54S38W-10	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		10 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	80 mA					9.21 mm	S
JM38510/00301BDA	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	2	TTL		4		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		15 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	27 mA					9.21 mm	TTL/H/L
SNJ54H60W-00	Texas Instruments	AND/NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	2	TTL		4		5			FLATPACK					1.27 mm	125 Cel	OPEN-COLLECTOR	-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	4.5 mA					9.21 mm	TTL/H/L
JM38510/33001BDA	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	NO	YES	4	TTL	MIL-M-38510 Class B	2	TUBE	5		50 pF	FLATPACK		7 ns	1 Amp		1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.285 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	10.2 mA		e0	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.21 mm	F/FAST
SNJ54S02W-00	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		5.5 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	45 mA					9.21 mm	S
SN5425W-00	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	2	TTL		4		5		15 pF	FLATPACK		15 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	19 mA	STROBED O/P'S				9.21 mm	TTL/H/L
SNJ54AHCT14WR	Texas Instruments	INVERTER	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	6	CMOS	MIL-PRF-38535	1		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		9 ns			1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.285 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V						9.21 mm	AHCT/VHCT/VT
SN54L20T-03	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	2	TTL		4		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		60 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	1.02 mA						TTL/H/L
SNJ54LS13W	Texas Instruments	NAND GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED	YES	YES	2	TTL	38535Q/M;38534H;883B	4		5	5	15 pF	FLATPACK	FL14,.3	27 ns	4 Amp	Gates	1.27 mm	125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V	2.03 mm	6.29 mm	Not Qualified	4.5 V	7 mA			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	9.21 mm	LS
SN54L02T-15	Texas Instruments	NOR GATE	MILITARY	FLAT	14	DFP	RECTANGULAR	CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED		YES	4	TTL		2		5		50 pF	FLATPACK		60 ns				125 Cel		-55 Cel		DUAL	R-GDFP-F14		5.5 V			Not Qualified	4.5 V	2.6 mA						TTL/H/L

Logic Gates

Logic gates are electronic circuits that perform basic logical operations on one or more inputs to produce a single output. They are the building blocks of digital circuits and are used to implement digital logic functions, such as AND, OR, NOT, XOR, and NAND.

Logic gates are designed using various technologies, including transistor-transistor logic (TTL), complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). They can be classified into three main types based on their operation: combinational logic gates, sequential logic gates, and programmable logic gates.

Combinational logic gates are logic gates that produce an output based solely on the current input values. These gates include the AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate, XOR gate, and NAND gate. The output of a combinational logic gate depends on the input values and the logic function implemented by the gate.

Sequential logic gates are logic gates that have memory elements and can store information. These gates include the SR flip-flop, D flip-flop, JK flip-flop, and T flip-flop. The output of a sequential logic gate depends on the current input values and the previous state of the gate.

Programmable logic gates are logic gates that can be programmed to implement different logic functions. These gates include programmable logic arrays (PLAs), programmable array logic (PALs), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Programmable logic gates can be reprogrammed to adapt to changing system requirements.

Logic gates are used in various applications, including digital signal processing, control systems, and memory systems. They are essential components of digital systems and can be found in many electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones, and digital cameras.