Toshiba Logic Gates 2,400+

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Logic IC Type Temperature Grade Terminal Form No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Total Dose (V) Package Body Material Schmitt Trigger Surface Mount No. of Functions Technology Screening Level No. of Inputs No. of Bits Translation Packing Method Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V) Power Supplies (V) Load Capacitance (CL) Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Propagation Delay (tpd) Maximum I (ol) Sub-Category Terminal Pitch Maximum Operating Temperature Output Characteristics Minimum Operating Temperature Terminal Finish Terminal Position Control Type Minimum fmax JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Seated Height Width Qualification Output Polarity Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Power Supply Current (ICC) Additional Features JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Length Family

TC7SZ00FU,LJ(CT

Toshiba

NAND GATE

AUTOMOTIVE

GULL WING

5

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

AEC-Q100

2

1.8

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

11 ns

.65 mm

125 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

5.5 V

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

1.65 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

2 mm

LVC/LCX/Z

TC4023BP

Toshiba

NAND GATE

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

3

CMOS

3

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

250 ns

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

18 V

4.45 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

3 V

e0

19.25 mm

4000/14000/40000

TC74VHC04FT

Toshiba

INVERTER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

6

CMOS

1

3.3

2/5.5

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP14,.25

12 ns

8 Amp

Gates

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.5 V

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

e4

5 mm

AHC/VHC

TC74VHCV17FK(EL,K)

Toshiba

BUFFER

TC7S04F,LF(T

Toshiba

INVERTER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

5

LSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

1

5

SMALL OUTLINE, LOW PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

125 ns

.95 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

6 V

1.4 mm

1.6 mm

2 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

2.9 mm

HC/UH

TC7SZ32FE,LJ(CT

Toshiba

OR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

FLAT

5

VSOF

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

2

1.8

SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE

10 ns

.5 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-F5

5.5 V

.6 mm

1.2 mm

1.65 V

1.6 mm

LVC/LCX/Z

TC4068BP

Toshiba

AND/NAND GATE

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

CMOS

8

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

300 ns

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

18 V

4.45 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

3 V

e0

19.25 mm

4000/14000/40000

TC74AC00P(F)

Toshiba

NAND GATE

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

4

CMOS

2

TUBE

3.3/5

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

12.9 ns

12 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

2 V

30

260

TC74HC02AFN

Toshiba

NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

4

CMOS

2

4.5

2/6

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

95 ns

4 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

6 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

NOT AVAILABLE IN JAPAN

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

8.65 mm

HC/UH

TC74LCX08FT

Toshiba

AND GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

4

CMOS

2

2.7

3.3

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP14,.25

6.2 ns

24 Amp

Gates

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

e4

5 mm

LVC/LCX/Z

TC74VHC05FT

Toshiba

INVERTER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

6

CMOS

1

3.3

2/5.5

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP14,.25

12 ns

8 Amp

Gates

.65 mm

85 Cel

OPEN-DRAIN

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.5 V

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

e4

5 mm

AHC/VHC

TC7S32F,LF

Toshiba

OR GATE

TC7SH14FU,LJ(CT

Toshiba

INVERTER

AUTOMOTIVE

GULL WING

5

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

AEC-Q100

1

5

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

20.5 ns

.65 mm

125 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

1

5.5 V

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

2 V

30

260

2 mm

LV/LV-A/LVX/H

74VHC32FT

Toshiba

OR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

4

CMOS

2

5

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

13 ns

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.5 V

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

2 V

30

260

5 mm

AHC/VHC/H/U/V

74VHC9152FT

Toshiba

BUFFER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

20

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

9

CMOS

1

5

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

17.6 ns

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G20

5.5 V

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

2 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

6.5 mm

AHC/VHC/H/U/V

TC4050BF(EL,N,F)

Toshiba

BUFFER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

16

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

6

CMOS

1

5

SMALL OUTLINE

130 ns

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G16

18 V

1.9 mm

5.3 mm

3 V

10.3 mm

4000/14000/40000

TC4082BP

Toshiba

AND GATE

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

2

CMOS

4

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

250 ns

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

18 V

4.45 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

3 V

e0

19.25 mm

4000/14000/40000

TC74HC04AP(F)

Toshiba

INVERTER

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

6

CMOS

1

TUBE

5

2/6

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

95 ns

4 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

PURE TIN

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

6 V

4.45 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

19.25 mm

HC/UH

TC74HC32P

Toshiba

OR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

4

CMOS

2

5

2/6

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

95 ns

4 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

6 V

Not Qualified

2 V

e0

TC74LCX04FT

Toshiba

INVERTER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

6

CMOS

1

1.8

3.3

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP14,.25

20 ns

24 Amp

Gates

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

1.65 V

e4

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

5 mm

LVC/LCX/Z

TC74LVX08FT

Toshiba

AND GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

4

CMOS

2

2.7

3.3

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP14,.25

17 ns

4 Amp

Gates

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

e4

5 mm

LV/LV-A/LVX/H

TC7S00FU,LF

Toshiba

NAND GATE

TC7S14F,LF

Toshiba

INVERTER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

5

LSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

1

5

SMALL OUTLINE, LOW PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

235 ns

.95 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

6 V

1.4 mm

1.6 mm

2 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

2.9 mm

HC/UH

TC7SZ86FU,LJ(CT

Toshiba

XOR GATE

AUTOMOTIVE

GULL WING

5

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

AEC-Q100

2

1.8

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

13.5 ns

.65 mm

125 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

5.5 V

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

1.65 V

2 mm

LVC/LCX/Z

TC7W02FU(TE12L,F)

Toshiba

NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

8

LSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

2

CMOS

2

TR

5

2/6

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE, LOW PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP8,.16

19 ns

4 Amp

Gates

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G8

6 V

1.3 mm

2.8 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

2.9 mm

HC/UH

TC7W08FU,LF

Toshiba

AND GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

8

LSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

2

CMOS

2

5

SMALL OUTLINE, LOW PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

95 ns

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G8

6 V

1.3 mm

2.8 mm

2 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

2.9 mm

HC/UH

74HC4050D(BJ)

Toshiba

BUFFER

GULL WING

16

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

6

CMOS

1

4.5

150 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP16,.24

175 ns

7.8 Amp

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G16

6 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

2 V

10.2 mm

HC/UH

74LCX32FT(AJ)

Toshiba

OR GATE

AUTOMOTIVE

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

4

CMOS

AEC-Q100

2

1.8

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

22 ns

.65 mm

125 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

1.65 V

5 mm

LVC/LCX/Z

74VHC03FT

Toshiba

NAND GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

4

CMOS

2

5

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

13 ns

.65 mm

85 Cel

OPEN-DRAIN

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.5 V

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

2 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

5 mm

AHC/VHC/H/U/V

74VHC08FT

Toshiba

AND GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

4

CMOS

2

5

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

14 ns

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.5 V

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

2 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

5 mm

AHC/VHC/H/U/V

74VHC132FT

Toshiba

NAND GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

4

CMOS

2

5

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

17.5 ns

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.5 V

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

2 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

5 mm

AHC/VHC/H/U/V

74VHC132FT(BJ)

Toshiba

NAND GATE

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

YES

4

CMOS

AEC-Q100

2

3.3

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP14,.25

19.5 ns

8 Amp

.65 mm

125 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.5 V

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

2 V

50 mA

5 mm

AHC/VHC/H/U/V

74VHC86FT

Toshiba

XOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

4

CMOS

AEC-Q100

2

3.3

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP14,.25

18.5 ns

8 Amp

.65 mm

125 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.5 V

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

2 V

50 mA

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

5 mm

AHC/VHC/H/U/V

7UL1G04FU,LF

Toshiba

INVERTER

7UL1G32FU,LF

Toshiba

OR GATE

TC4030BP

Toshiba

XOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

4

CMOS

2

TUBE

5

3/15

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

280 ns

.61 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

18 V

4.45 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

3 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.25 mm

4000/14000/40000

TC4050BP(F)

Toshiba

BUFFER

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

6

CMOS

1

5/15

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

130 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

18 V

Not Qualified

3 V

TC4069UBP

Toshiba

INVERTER

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

NO

6

CMOS

1

TUBE

5

5/15

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

110 ns

.61 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

18 V

4.45 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

3 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.25 mm

4000/14000/40000

TC4081BF(EL,N,F)

Toshiba

AND GATE

TC74HC14AF(EL,F)

Toshiba

INVERTER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

YES

6

CMOS

1

TR

5

2/6

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.3

155 ns

4 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

1

6 V

1.9 mm

5.3 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

40

260

10.3 mm

HC/UH

TC74HC32AF(EL,F)

Toshiba

OR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

4

CMOS

2

TR

5

2/6

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.3

95 ns

4 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

6 V

Not Qualified

2 V

TC74HC4050AFT(EL)

Toshiba

BUFFER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

16

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

6

CMOS

1

TR

5

2/6

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP16,.25

175 ns

6 Amp

Gates

.635 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G16

6 V

Not Qualified

2 V

TC74HC4072AF(F)

Toshiba

OR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

2

CMOS

4

5

2/6

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.3

25 ns

4 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

6 V

Not Qualified

2 V

TC74HCU04AF

Toshiba

INVERTER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

6

CMOS

1

5

2/6

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.3

75 ns

5.2 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

6 V

1.9 mm

5.3 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

50 mA

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

10.3 mm

HC/UH

TC74LVX14FN

Toshiba

INVERTER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

YES

6

CMOS

1

2.7

3.3

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.25

23 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

NOT AVAILABLE IN JAPAN

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

8.65 mm

LV/LV-A/LVX/H

TC7S02FU,LF(T

Toshiba

NOR GATE

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

5

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

2

5

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

125 ns

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

6 V

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

2 V

2 mm

HC/UH

TC7S04FU(TE85L,F)

Toshiba

INVERTER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

5

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

YES

1

CMOS

1

TR

5

2/6

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP5/6,.08

125 ns

2 Amp

Gates

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

6 V

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

e4

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

2 mm

HC/UH

TC7S14F,LF(T

Toshiba

INVERTER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

5

LSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

1

5

SMALL OUTLINE, LOW PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

235 ns

.95 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

6 V

1.4 mm

1.6 mm

2 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

2.9 mm

HC/UH

Logic Gates

Logic gates are electronic circuits that perform basic logical operations on one or more inputs to produce a single output. They are the building blocks of digital circuits and are used to implement digital logic functions, such as AND, OR, NOT, XOR, and NAND.

Logic gates are designed using various technologies, including transistor-transistor logic (TTL), complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). They can be classified into three main types based on their operation: combinational logic gates, sequential logic gates, and programmable logic gates.

Combinational logic gates are logic gates that produce an output based solely on the current input values. These gates include the AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate, XOR gate, and NAND gate. The output of a combinational logic gate depends on the input values and the logic function implemented by the gate.

Sequential logic gates are logic gates that have memory elements and can store information. These gates include the SR flip-flop, D flip-flop, JK flip-flop, and T flip-flop. The output of a sequential logic gate depends on the current input values and the previous state of the gate.

Programmable logic gates are logic gates that can be programmed to implement different logic functions. These gates include programmable logic arrays (PLAs), programmable array logic (PALs), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Programmable logic gates can be reprogrammed to adapt to changing system requirements.

Logic gates are used in various applications, including digital signal processing, control systems, and memory systems. They are essential components of digital systems and can be found in many electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones, and digital cameras.