14 Multiplexer & Demultiplexer 90

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Logic IC Type Temperature Grade Terminal Form No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Total Dose (V) Package Body Material Schmitt Trigger Surface Mount Input Conditioning No. of Functions Maximum Frequency At Nominal Supply Technology Screening Level No. of Inputs No. of Bits Translation Packing Method Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V) Power Supplies (V) Load Capacitance (CL) No. of Inverted Outputs Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Propagation Delay (tpd) Maximum I (ol) Sub-Category Terminal Pitch Maximum Operating Temperature Count Direction Output Characteristics Trigger Type Maximum Same Edge Skew (tskwd) Minimum Operating Temperature Terminal Finish No. of True Outputs Terminal Position No. of Ports Control Type Minimum fmax JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Seated Height Width Qualification Output Polarity Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Power Supply Current (ICC) Additional Features JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) No. of Outputs Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Length Family

5962F8968802VYC

STMicroelectronics

MULTIPLEXER

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

300k Rad(Si)

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

4

CMOS

MIL-PRF-38535 Class V

2

STRIP PACK

5

FLATPACK

FL14,.25

1.27 mm

150 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-CDFP-F14

5.5 V

2.72 mm

6.345 mm

Qualified

TRUE

4.5 V

1

9.5 mm

ACT

RHFAC157K03V

STMicroelectronics

MULTIPLEXER

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

300k Rad(Si)

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

4

CMOS

MIL-PRF-38535 Class V

2

TR

3

FLATPACK

FL14,.25

1.27 mm

150 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-CDFP-F14

6 V

2.72 mm

6.345 mm

TRUE

2 V

1

9.5 mm

AC

5962F8953901VYA

STMicroelectronics

MULTIPLEXER

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

300k Rad(Si)

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

4

CMOS

MIL-PRF-38535 Class V

2

3

50 pF

FLATPACK

FL14,.25

12 Amp

1.27 mm

150 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-CDFP-F14

6 V

2.72 mm

6.345 mm

Qualified

TRUE

2 V

1

9.5 mm

AC

5962F8953901VYC

STMicroelectronics

MULTIPLEXER

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

300k Rad(Si)

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

4

CMOS

MIL-PRF-38535 Class V

2

STRIP PACK

3

FLATPACK

FL14,.25

1.27 mm

150 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-CDFP-F14

6 V

2.72 mm

6.345 mm

Qualified

TRUE

2 V

1

9.5 mm

AC

RHFAC157K04V

STMicroelectronics

MULTIPLEXER

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

300k Rad(Si)

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

4

CMOS

MIL-PRF-38535 Class V

2

TR

3

FLATPACK

FL14,.25

1.27 mm

150 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-CDFP-F14

6 V

2.72 mm

6.345 mm

TRUE

2 V

1

9.5 mm

AC

5962F8968802VYA

STMicroelectronics

MULTIPLEXER

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

300k Rad(Si)

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

4

CMOS

MIL-PRF-38535 Class V

2

STRIP PACK

5

FLATPACK

FL14,.25

1.27 mm

150 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-CDFP-F14

5.5 V

2.72 mm

6.345 mm

Qualified

TRUE

4.5 V

1

9.5 mm

ACT

T74LS152D1

STMicroelectronics

MULTIPLEXER

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

1

TTL

8

5

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

32 ns

8 Amp

Multiplexer/Demultiplexers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

1

5.25 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

INVERTED

4.75 V

9 mA

1

LS

T54LS152D2

STMicroelectronics

MULTIPLEXER

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

1

TTL

8

5

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

4 Amp

Multiplexer/Demultiplexers

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

Not Qualified

9 mA

935271285112

NXP Semiconductors

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

2

2.5

SMALL OUTLINE

.3 ns

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

ALSO OPERATES AT 3.6V TO 5.5V SUPPLY

40

1

260

8.65 mm

935264068118

NXP Semiconductors

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

2

2

2.5

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.3 ns

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.1 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

ALSO OPERATES AT 3.6V TO 5.5V SUPPLY

e4

1

5 mm

935271284112

NXP Semiconductors

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

2

2.5

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.3 ns

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.1 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

ALSO OPERATES AT 3.6V TO 5.5V SUPPLY

e4

1

5 mm

935271284118

NXP Semiconductors

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

2

2.5

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.3 ns

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.1 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

ALSO OPERATES AT 3.6V TO 5.5V SUPPLY

e4

1

5 mm

935271285118

NXP Semiconductors

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

2

2.5

SMALL OUTLINE

.3 ns

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

ALSO OPERATES AT 3.6V TO 5.5V SUPPLY

40

1

260

8.65 mm

935268471118

NXP Semiconductors

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

2

2.5

SMALL OUTLINE

.3 ns

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

ALSO OPERATES AT 3.6V TO 5.5V SUPPLY

40

1

260

8.65 mm

935264068112

NXP Semiconductors

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

2

2

2.5

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.3 ns

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.1 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

ALSO OPERATES AT 3.6V TO 5.5V SUPPLY

e4

1

5 mm

935268471112

NXP Semiconductors

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

2

2.5

SMALL OUTLINE

.3 ns

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

ALSO OPERATES AT 3.6V TO 5.5V SUPPLY

40

1

260

8.65 mm

PCA9542PW

NXP Semiconductors

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

2

3.3

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.3 ns

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.1 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

3.6V TO 5.5V SUPPLY VOLTAGE ALSO AVAILABLE

1

5 mm

9542

PCA9543D-T

NXP Semiconductors

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

2

3.3

SMALL OUTLINE

.3 ns

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

ALSO OPERATES AT 3.6V TO 5.5V SUPPLY

e4

NOT SPECIFIED

1

NOT SPECIFIED

8.65 mm

9543

PCA9542D-T

NXP Semiconductors

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

2

3.3

SMALL OUTLINE

.3 ns

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

3.6V TO 5.5V SUPPLY VOLTAGE ALSO AVAILABLE

1

8.65 mm

9542

PCA9543PW

NXP Semiconductors

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

2

3.3

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.3 ns

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.1 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

ALSO OPERATES AT 3.6V TO 5.5V SUPPLY

1

5 mm

9543

PCA9542PW-T

NXP Semiconductors

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

2

3.3

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.3 ns

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.1 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

3.6V TO 5.5V SUPPLY VOLTAGE ALSO AVAILABLE

1

5 mm

9542

PCA9543CPW

NXP Semiconductors

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

2

3.3

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.3 ns

.65 mm

85 Cel

OPEN-DRAIN

-40 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

1

3.6 V

1.1 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

ALSO OPERATES WITH 4.5 TO 5.5V SUPPLY

e4

30

1

260

5 mm

9543

PCA9543PW-T

NXP Semiconductors

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

2

3.3

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.3 ns

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.1 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

ALSO OPERATES AT 3.6V TO 5.5V SUPPLY

1

5 mm

9543

PCA9543D

NXP Semiconductors

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

2

3.3

SMALL OUTLINE

.3 ns

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

ALSO OPERATES AT 3.6V TO 5.5V SUPPLY

e4

NOT SPECIFIED

1

NOT SPECIFIED

8.65 mm

9543

PCA9542D

NXP Semiconductors

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

2

3.3

SMALL OUTLINE

.3 ns

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

3.6V TO 5.5V SUPPLY VOLTAGE ALSO AVAILABLE

1

8.65 mm

9542

PCA9543CPW,118

NXP Semiconductors

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

2

3.3

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.3 ns

.65 mm

85 Cel

OPEN-DRAIN

-40 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

1

3.6 V

1.1 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

2.3 V

ALSO OPERATES WITH 4.5 TO 5.5V SUPPLY

e4

30

1

260

5 mm

9543

TC74HC354F

Toshiba

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

8

SMALL OUTLINE

355 ns

1.27 mm

85 Cel

3-STATE

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

6 V

1.8 mm

5.3 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

2 V

REGISTERED DATA INPUTS; GATED; TRANSPARENT ADDRESS LATCH

e0

1

10.3 mm

HC/UH

TC7MBL6353SFT

Toshiba

MULTIPLEXER AND DEMUX/DECODER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

2

CMOS

1

1.8

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

3-STATE

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

1.65 V

2

5 mm

CBT/FST/QS/5C/B

TC7MBL6353SFK

Toshiba

MULTIPLEXER AND DEMUX/DECODER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

VSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

2

3

SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.5 mm

85 Cel

3-STATE

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

3.6 V

1 mm

3 mm

Not Qualified

TRUE

1.65 V

4

4 mm

7MB

TC74HC354P

Toshiba

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

CMOS

8

IN-LINE

355 ns

2.54 mm

85 Cel

3-STATE

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

6 V

5 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

COMPLEMENTARY

2 V

REGISTERED DATA INPUTS; GATED; TRANSPARENT ADDRESS LATCH

e0

1

HC/UH

HD74HC152P

Renesas Electronics

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

CMOS

8

4.5

IN-LINE

200 ns

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

6 V

5.06 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

INVERTED

2 V

1

19.2 mm

HC/UH

HD74HC152T

Renesas Electronics

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

8

5

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

40 ns

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

6 V

1.1 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

INVERTED

2 V

1

5 mm

HC/UH

HD74LS152FP

Renesas Electronics

MULTIPLEXER

COMMERCIAL EXTENDED

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

TTL

8

5

SMALL OUTLINE

21 ns

1.27 mm

75 Cel

-20 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.25 V

2.2 mm

5.5 mm

Not Qualified

INVERTED

4.75 V

1

10.06 mm

LS

HD74LS153FPEL-E

Renesas Electronics

MULTIPLEXER

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

2

TTL

4

TR

5

5

15 pF

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP14,.3

8 Amp

Multiplexer/Demultiplexers

1.27 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

Not Qualified

10 mA

HD74HC152P-E

Renesas Electronics

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

CMOS

8

4.5

IN-LINE

200 ns

2.54 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

1

6 V

5.06 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

INVERTED

2 V

e4

1

19.2 mm

HC/UH

HD74HC152RPEL

Renesas Electronics

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

8

4.5

SMALL OUTLINE

200 ns

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

6 V

1.75 mm

3.95 mm

Not Qualified

INVERTED

2 V

1

8.65 mm

HC/UH

HD74HC152FP-EL

Renesas Electronics

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

8

5

SMALL OUTLINE

40 ns

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

6 V

2.2 mm

5.5 mm

Not Qualified

INVERTED

2 V

1

10.06 mm

HC/UH

HD74LS152P

Renesas Electronics

MULTIPLEXER

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

TTL

8

5

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

8 Amp

Multiplexer/Demultiplexers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

Not Qualified

10 mA

HD74LS152FPEL

Renesas Electronics

MULTIPLEXER

COMMERCIAL EXTENDED

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

TTL

8

5

SMALL OUTLINE

32 ns

1.27 mm

75 Cel

-20 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.25 V

2.2 mm

5.5 mm

Not Qualified

INVERTED

4.75 V

1

10.06 mm

LS

HD74LS152RP-EL

Renesas Electronics

MULTIPLEXER

COMMERCIAL EXTENDED

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

TTL

8

5

SMALL OUTLINE

32 ns

1.27 mm

75 Cel

-20 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

5.25 V

1.75 mm

3.95 mm

Not Qualified

INVERTED

4.75 V

1

8.65 mm

LS

HD74HC152FP

Renesas Electronics

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

8

4.5

SMALL OUTLINE

200 ns

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

6 V

2.2 mm

5.5 mm

Not Qualified

INVERTED

2 V

1

10.06 mm

HC/UH

HD74HC152RP

Renesas Electronics

MULTIPLEXER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

14

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

CMOS

8

4.5

SMALL OUTLINE

200 ns

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G14

6 V

1.75 mm

3.95 mm

Not Qualified

INVERTED

2 V

1

8.65 mm

HC/UH

Multiplexer & Demultiplexer

Multiplexers and demultiplexers are electronic circuits that are used to transmit and receive multiple signals over a single channel. They are essential components of digital systems and are used to reduce the number of transmission lines required to transmit multiple signals.

A multiplexer, also known as a mux, is a digital circuit that can select one of several input signals and transmit it to a single output line based on a control signal. A multiplexer can have two or more inputs and a single output, and the selection of the input is determined by the binary value of the control signal. Multiplexers are used to reduce the number of transmission lines required to transmit multiple signals over a long distance.

A demultiplexer, also known as a demux, is a digital circuit that can distribute a single input signal to one of several output lines based on a control signal. A demultiplexer can have a single input and two or more outputs, and the selection of the output is determined by the binary value of the control signal. Demultiplexers are used to receive multiple signals transmitted over a single line.

Multiplexers and demultiplexers are commonly used together in digital systems to transmit and receive multiple signals over a single channel. They are used in various applications, including digital signal processing, telecommunications, and data storage systems. Multiplexers and demultiplexers are also used in memory systems to store and retrieve data from memory cells.

Multiplexers and demultiplexers can be designed using various technologies, including transistor-transistor logic (TTL), complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). They can also be cascaded together to increase the number of inputs or outputs.