Part | RoHS | Manufacturer | Optoelectronic Type | Mounting Feature | No. of Terminals | Nominal Luminous Intensity (mcd) | Lens Type | Terminal Finish | Configuration | Color At Wavelength | Size | No. of Functions | Maximum Forward Current | Peak Wavelength (nm) | Color | Packing Method | Maximum Response Time | Sub-Category | Maximum Reverse Voltage | T-code | Semiconductor Material | Terminal Pitch | Maximum Operating Temperature | Height | Shape | Viewing Angle | Minimum Operating Temperature | Minimum Luminous Intensity | No. of LEDs in Array | Additional Features | Spectral Bandwidth | JESD-609 Code | Maximum Forward Voltage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Broadcom |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
3.8 |
DIFFUSED |
MATTE TIN |
SINGLE |
Green |
3 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
565 |
HIGH PERFORMANCE GREEN |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
5 V |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
4.445 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-20 Cel |
e3 |
2.7 V |
|||||||
|
Visual Communications Company |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
2300.0 |
CLEAR NONDIFFUSED |
SINGLE |
5 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
475 |
WHITE |
BULK |
T-1 3/4 |
2.54 mm |
70 Cel |
8.6106 mm |
ROUND |
20 deg |
-20 Cel |
|||||||||||||
Nte Electronics |
SINGLE COLOR LED ARRAY |
RADIAL MOUNT |
10 |
0.4 |
DIFFUSED |
SEPARATE, 5 ELEMENTS |
4.99 mm |
5 |
.025 A |
700 |
RED |
BULK |
7.97 mm |
RECTANGULAR |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Broadcom |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
3.8 |
DIFFUSED |
MATTE TIN |
SINGLE |
Green |
3 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
565 |
HIGH PERFORMANCE GREEN |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
5 V |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
4.445 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-20 Cel |
e3 |
2.7 V |
|||||||
|
Lumex |
DUAL COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
3 |
14.0/8.0 |
DIFFUSED WHITE |
SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN RESISTOR |
5 mm |
1 |
.025 A |
635/565 |
HIGH INTENSITY RED/GREEN |
BULK |
2.54 mm |
7 mm |
RECTANGULAR |
110 deg |
||||||||||||||||
|
Lite-on Technology |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
16 |
16.0 |
Pure Tin (Sn) |
SEPARATE, 8 ELEMENTS |
Yellow |
19.05 mm |
1 |
.02 A |
585 |
YELLOW |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
2.54 mm |
85 Cel |
6.15 mm |
RECTANGULAR |
-35 Cel |
.012 cd |
8 |
HIGH RELIABILITY |
2.8 V |
|||||||||
|
Lumex |
DUAL COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
30.0/20.0 |
DIFFUSED MILKY WHITE |
COMMON BIPOLAR TERMINAL, 2 ELEMENTS |
Green/Red |
5 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
635/565 |
RED/GREEN |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
T-1 3/4 |
2.54 mm |
85 Cel |
8.6 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-40 Cel |
2.1 V |
||||||||||
|
ROHM |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
450.0 |
TRANSPARENT |
TIN SILVER COPPER |
SINGLE |
Orange |
3.1 mm |
1 |
.05 A |
630 |
RED |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
9 V |
T-1 |
2.5 mm |
85 Cel |
5.4 mm |
ROUND |
40 deg |
-25 Cel |
e1 |
1.9 V |
|||||||
|
Wurth Elektronik |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
3800.0 |
WATER CLEAR |
SINGLE |
3 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
465 |
BLUE |
BULK |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
85 Cel |
5.3 mm |
ROUND |
30 deg |
-40 Cel |
|||||||||||||
|
Dialight |
SINGLE COLOR LED ARRAY |
RADIAL MOUNT |
4 |
7.4 |
TINTED DIFFUSED |
Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn/Ag/Cu) |
SEPARATE, 2 ELEMENTS |
Amber |
3 mm |
2 |
.025 A |
600 |
ORANGE |
BAG |
T-1 |
2.55 mm |
100 Cel |
8.88 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-55 Cel |
2 |
e1 |
|||||||||
|
Dialight |
SINGLE COLOR LED ARRAY |
RADIAL MOUNT |
8 |
12.6 |
Copper/Nickel/Silver (Cu/Ni/Ag) |
SEPARATE, 4 ELEMENTS |
Green |
3 mm |
4 |
.03 A |
565 |
GREEN |
BAG |
Other Optoelectronics |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
20.32 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-55 Cel |
.0085 cd |
e4 |
2.3 V |
||||||||
|
Broadcom |
DUAL COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
3 |
DIFFUSED |
MATTE TIN |
COMMON CATHODE, 2 ELEMENTS |
Green/Orange-Red |
5 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
635/568 |
HIGH EFFICIENCY RED/GREEN |
TR |
Visible LEDs |
5 V |
T-1 3/4 |
1.27 mm |
100 Cel |
8.81 mm |
ROUND |
65 deg |
-20 Cel |
e3 |
2.6 V |
||||||||
|
Lite-on Technology |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
5.6 |
DIFFUSED |
SINGLE |
3 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
565 |
GREEN |
BULK |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
4.45 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-55 Cel |
|||||||||||||
|
Dialight |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
3.5 |
DIFFUSED |
Copper/Nickel/Silver (Cu/Ni/Ag) |
SINGLE |
Red |
5 mm |
1 |
.04 A |
635 |
RED |
BAG |
Visible LEDs |
T-1 3/4 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
6.1 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-55 Cel |
HIGH RELIABILITY |
e4 |
2 V |
|||||||
|
Dialight |
SINGLE COLOR LED ARRAY |
RADIAL MOUNT |
8 |
19.0 |
Copper/Nickel/Silver (Cu/Ni/Ag) |
SEPARATE, 4 ELEMENTS |
Green |
3 mm |
4 |
.02 A |
565 |
GREEN |
BULK |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
85 Cel |
7.11 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-40 Cel |
.0015 cd |
4 |
HIGH RELIABILITY |
e4 |
7.5 V |
|||||||
|
Dialight |
TRIPLE COLOR LED ARRAY |
RADIAL MOUNT |
6 |
10.0/10.0/12.6 |
DIFFUSED |
Copper/Nickel/Silver (Cu/Ni/Ag) |
SEPARATE, 3 ELEMENTS |
Green-Yellow/Red |
3 mm |
3 |
.03 A |
635/585/565 |
RED/YELLOW/GREEN |
BULK |
Other Optoelectronics |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
15.24 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-55 Cel |
.003 cd |
3 |
e4 |
2.2 V |
||||||
|
Lite-on Technology |
DUAL COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
3 |
110.0 |
DIFFUSED WHITE |
COMMON CATHODE, 2 ELEMENTS |
3 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
639/575 |
SUPER RED/GREEN |
BULK |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
5.15 mm |
ROUND |
45 deg |
-40 Cel |
IC COMPATIBLE |
||||||||||||
|
Broadcom |
SINGLE COLOR LED ARRAY |
RADIAL MOUNT |
20 |
1.9 |
Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn/Ag/Cu) |
SEPARATE, 10 ELEMENTS |
Green |
5.08 mm |
10 |
.03 A |
566 |
GREEN |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
7.62 mm |
85 Cel |
6.1 mm |
RECTANGULAR |
-20 Cel |
.0006 cd |
10 |
e1 |
2.5 V |
|||||||||
|
Dialight |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
13.8 |
Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn/Ag/Cu) |
SINGLE |
3 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
635 |
RED |
BULK |
T-1 |
2.79 mm |
100 Cel |
7.44 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-55 Cel |
e1 |
||||||||||||
|
Lite-on Technology |
DUAL COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
90/40 |
DIFFUSED WHITE |
Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb) |
COMMON BIPOLAR TERMINAL, 2 ELEMENTS |
Green/Red |
5 mm |
1 |
.04 A |
660/565 |
RED/GREEN |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
T-1 3/4 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
8.6 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-55 Cel |
IC COMPATIBLE |
e0 |
2.4 V |
|||||||
|
Dialight |
SINGLE COLOR LED ARRAY |
RADIAL MOUNT |
8 |
7.0 |
Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn/Ag/Cu) |
SEPARATE, 4 ELEMENTS |
Amber |
5 mm |
4 |
.03 A |
600 |
ORANGE |
BULK |
T-1 3/4 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
5.97 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-55 Cel |
.0065 cd |
4 |
HIGH RELIABILITY |
e1 |
2.2 V |
|||||||
|
Dialight |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
29.0 |
DIFFUSED |
Copper/Nickel/Silver (Cu/Ni/Ag) |
SINGLE |
Red |
3 mm |
1 |
.02 A |
635 |
RED |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
85 Cel |
7.11 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-40 Cel |
HIGH RELIABILITY |
e4 |
3 V |
|||||||
|
Lite-on Technology |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
12.6 |
DIFFUSED |
SINGLE |
Green |
2.9 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
565 |
GREEN |
BOX |
Visible LEDs |
5 V |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
7.3 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-55 Cel |
60 cd |
2.6 V |
||||||||
|
Dialight |
DUAL COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
4.7/10.0 |
Copper/Nickel/Silver (Cu/Ni/Ag) |
SINGLE |
Green/Red |
3 mm |
1 |
.045 A |
635/565 |
RED/GREEN |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
6.35 mm |
ROUND |
50 deg |
-55 Cel |
HIGH RELIABILITY |
e4 |
2 V |
||||||||
|
Kingbright Electronic |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
20.0 |
DIFFUSED RED |
SINGLE |
Orange |
3 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
627 |
HIGH EFFICIENCY RED |
TR |
Visible LEDs |
5 V |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
85 Cel |
4.6 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-40 Cel |
60 cd |
HIGH RELIABILITY |
2.5 V |
|||||||
|
Tt Electronics Plc |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
300.0 |
WATER CLEAR |
SINGLE |
Blue |
5 mm |
1 |
.02 A |
466 |
BLUE |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
5 V |
T-1 3/4 |
2.54 mm |
85 Cel |
6.8 mm |
CYLINDRICAL |
85 deg |
-40 Cel |
85 cd |
4 V |
||||||||
|
ROHM |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
10.0 |
DIFFUSED |
TIN SILVER COPPER |
SINGLE |
Yellow |
5 mm |
1 |
.02 A |
585 |
YELLOW |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
3 V |
T-1 3/4 |
2.5 mm |
85 Cel |
8.7 mm |
ROUND |
40 deg |
-25 Cel |
e1 |
||||||||
Lite-on Technology |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
12.6 |
DIFFUSED |
SINGLE |
2.9 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
565 |
GREEN |
BULK |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
7.3 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-55 Cel |
||||||||||||||
|
Tt Electronics Plc |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
1800.0 |
WATER CLEAR |
SINGLE |
Orange-Red |
3 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
633 |
RED |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
5 V |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
85 Cel |
5.1 mm |
ROUND |
45 deg |
-40 Cel |
45 cd |
2.6 V |
||||||||
|
Tt Electronics Plc |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
18000.0 |
WATER CLEAR |
SINGLE |
White |
5 mm |
1 |
.025 A |
WHITE |
BAG |
Visible LEDs |
5 V |
T-1 3/4 |
2.54 mm |
95 Cel |
8.6 mm |
ROUND |
15 deg |
-40 Cel |
15 cd |
4 V |
|||||||||
|
ROHM |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
1000.0 |
COLORLESS TRANSPARENT |
SINGLE |
Yellow |
5 mm |
1 |
.05 A |
591 |
YELLOW |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
9 V |
T-1 3/4 |
2.5 mm |
85 Cel |
7.5 mm |
ROUND |
40 deg |
-30 Cel |
HIGH RELIABILITY |
2.5 V |
||||||||
|
Kingbright Electronic |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
250.0 |
DIFFUSED YELLOW |
SINGLE |
Yellow |
3 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
590 |
SUPER BRIGHT YELLOW |
TR |
Visible LEDs |
5 V |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
85 Cel |
4.6 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-40 Cel |
60 cd |
HIGH RELIABILITY |
2.5 V |
|||||||
|
Dialight |
SINGLE COLOR LED ARRAY |
RADIAL MOUNT |
8 |
1.6 |
Copper/Nickel/Silver (Cu/Ni/Ag) |
SEPARATE, 4 ELEMENTS |
Green |
3 mm |
4 |
.007 A |
565 |
GREEN |
BULK |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
20.32 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-55 Cel |
.0016 cd |
e4 |
1.8 V |
|||||||||
|
Broadcom |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
8.0 |
TINTED DIFFUSED |
MATTE TIN |
SINGLE |
Yellow |
5 mm |
1 |
.02 A |
583 |
YELLOW |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
T-1 3/4 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
8.81 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-40 Cel |
e3 |
3 V |
||||||||
|
Dialight |
DUAL COLOR LED ARRAY |
RADIAL MOUNT |
4 |
10.0/16.0 |
Copper/Nickel/Silver (Cu/Ni/Ag) |
SEPARATE, 2 ELEMENTS |
Green/Red |
3 mm |
2 |
.007 A |
650/563 |
RED/GREEN |
BAG |
Other Optoelectronics |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
9.65 mm |
ROUND |
-55 Cel |
.0036 cd |
2 |
HIGH RELIABILITY |
e4 |
3 V |
|||||||
|
Fairchild Semiconductor |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
3.0 |
CLEAR |
SINGLE |
Red |
3 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
660 |
RED |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
4.5 mm |
ROUND |
45 deg |
-20 Cel |
1.8 V |
||||||||||
|
Broadcom |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
3.1 |
TINTED DIFFUSED |
MATTE TIN |
SINGLE |
Orange-Red |
5 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
635 |
HIGH EFFICIENCY RED |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
5 V |
T-1 3/4 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
8.81 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-40 Cel |
e3 |
2.4 V |
|||||||
|
Kingbright Electronic |
TRIPLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
6 |
30.0/25.0/20.0 |
DIFFUSED WHITE |
COMMON CATHODE, 4 ELEMENTS |
5 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
627/565/430 |
HIGH EFFICIENCY RED/GREEN/BLUE |
BULK |
T-1 3/4 |
2.54 mm |
80 Cel |
8.6 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-40 Cel |
|||||||||||||
|
Broadcom |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
7.9 |
TINTED DIFFUSED |
MATTE TIN |
SINGLE |
Orange-Red |
5 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
635 |
HIGH EFFICIENCY RED |
TR |
Visible LEDs |
5 V |
T-1 3/4 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
8.81 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-40 Cel |
e3 |
2.4 V |
|||||||
|
Dialight |
DUAL COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
4.7/10.0 |
DIFFUSED WHITE |
Copper/Nickel/Silver (Cu/Ni/Ag) |
COMMON BIPOLAR TERMINAL, 2 ELEMENTS |
Green/Red |
3 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
635/565 |
RED/GREEN |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
4.44 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-55 Cel |
e4 |
2.6 V |
||||||||
|
Kingbright Electronic |
SINGLE COLOR LED ARRAY |
RADIAL MOUNT |
20 |
9.5 |
DIFFUSED WHITE |
SEPARATE, 10 ELEMENTS |
Green |
5.08 mm |
10 |
.025 A |
565 |
GREEN |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
7.5 mm |
85 Cel |
8 mm |
RECTANGULAR |
-40 Cel |
.0008 cd |
10 |
2.8 V |
||||||||||
|
Kingbright Electronic |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
20.0 |
DIFFUSED |
SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN RESISTOR |
Green |
5 mm |
1 |
.0175 A |
565 |
GREEN |
TR |
Visible LEDs |
5 V |
T-1 3/4 |
2.54 mm |
70 Cel |
8.6 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-40 Cel |
60 cd |
HIGH RELIABILITY |
6.5 V |
|||||||
Lite-on Technology |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
8 |
8.0 |
Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb) |
SEPARATE, 4 ELEMENTS |
Yellow |
19 mm |
1 |
.02 A |
585 |
YELLOW |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
2.54 mm |
85 Cel |
6.22 mm |
RECTANGULAR |
-35 Cel |
.006 cd |
4 |
e0 |
2.8 V |
||||||||||
|
Wurth Elektronik |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
15000.0 |
WATER CLEAR |
SINGLE |
3 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
525 |
GREEN |
BULK |
T-1 |
2.54 mm |
85 Cel |
5.3 mm |
ROUND |
30 deg |
-40 Cel |
|||||||||||||
|
Fairchild Semiconductor |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
4.0 |
DIFFUSED |
SINGLE |
Red |
5 mm |
1 |
.03 A |
635 |
HIGH EFFICIENCY RED |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
7.5 mm |
RECTANGULAR |
100 deg |
-55 Cel |
HIGH RELIABILITY |
3 V |
||||||||||
|
Dialight |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
TINTED DIFFUSED |
Copper/Nickel/Silver (Cu/Ni/Ag) |
SINGLE |
Red |
3 mm |
1 |
.007 A |
635 |
RED |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
T-1 |
100 Cel |
7.4 mm |
ROUND |
60 deg |
-55 Cel |
e4 |
3 V |
||||||||||
|
Dialight |
SINGLE COLOR LED ARRAY |
RADIAL MOUNT |
4 |
8.7 |
DIFFUSED |
Tin/Silver/Copper/Nickel (Sn/Ag/Cu/Ni) |
SEPARATE, 2 ELEMENTS |
Green |
2 mm |
2 |
.03 A |
565 |
GREEN |
BULK |
Other Optoelectronics |
T-3/4 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
8.6 mm |
ROUND |
38 deg |
-55 Cel |
2 |
e2 |
||||||||
|
Broadcom |
SINGLE COLOR LED |
RADIAL MOUNT |
2 |
2.3 |
TINTED DIFFUSED |
MATTE TIN |
SINGLE |
Orange-Red |
5 mm |
1 |
.007 A |
635 |
HIGH EFFICIENCY RED |
BULK |
Visible LEDs |
5 V |
T-1 3/4 |
2.54 mm |
100 Cel |
8.81 mm |
ROUND |
50 deg |
-40 Cel |
CMOS COMPATIBLE |
e3 |
2 V |
Visible LEDs, also known as light-emitting diodes, are semiconductor devices that convert electrical energy into visible light. They are widely used in a variety of applications due to their high efficiency, low power consumption, and long lifespan. Visible LEDs are available in a range of colors, including red, green, blue, and white, making them ideal for use in a variety of lighting applications.
One of the advantages of visible LEDs is their high efficiency. They convert a higher percentage of electrical energy into light than traditional incandescent bulbs, which waste a significant amount of energy as heat. This makes visible LEDs an energy-efficient and cost-effective lighting solution.
Another advantage of visible LEDs is their long lifespan. They can last up to 25,000 to 50,000 hours or more, depending on the application, which is significantly longer than traditional incandescent bulbs. This makes visible LEDs a low-maintenance and cost-effective lighting solution in the long run.
Visible LEDs are used in a variety of applications, including in general lighting, automotive lighting, backlighting displays, and indicators. Their small size, low power consumption, and long lifespan make them an ideal choice for use in portable devices such as smartphones, laptops, and cameras. Overall, visible LEDs offer a range of benefits that make them an increasingly popular choice in various lighting and display applications.