4 XO Clock Oscillators 2,400+

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Part	Manufacturer	Oscillator Type	Mounting Feature	No. of Terminals	Frequency Stability	Frequency Adjustment (Mechanical)	Package Body Material	Maximum Supply Voltage	Technology	Screening Level	Output Load	Maximum Supply Current	Nominal Supply Voltage	Power Supplies (V)	Package Equivalence Code	Maximum Rise Time	Sub-Category	Physical Dimension	Minimum Supply Voltage	Maximum Operating Temperature	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Nominal Operating Frequency	Maximum Fall Time	Maximum Symmetry (%)	Manufacturer Series	Qualification	Maximum Output Low Current	Additional Features	JESD-609 Code	Minimum Operating Frequency	Maximum Operating Frequency
CB3LV-3I-24M5760	Cts	HCMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO		3.6 V			50 pF		3.3 V			5 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.8mm	3 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel	Gold (Au) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	24.576 MHz	5 ns	55/45				OUTPUT ENABLE FUNCTION	e4
CB3LV-3I-29M4912	Cts	HCMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO		3.6 V			50 pF		3.3 V			5 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.7mm	3 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel	GOLD OVER NICKEL	29.4912 MHz	5 ns	55/45				ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TAPE AND REEL	e4
CB3LV-3I-32M0000	Cts	HCMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO	CERAMIC	3.6 V			50 pF	60 mA	3.3 V	3.3	DILCC4,.2,200	5 ms	Other Oscillators	7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.7mm	3 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel	GOLD OVER NICKEL	32 MHz	5 ns	55/45		Not Qualified		ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TAPE AND REEL	e4	1.5 MHz	160 MHz
CB3LV-3I-3M6864	Cts	HCMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO		3.6 V			15 pF		3.3 V			8 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.7mm	3 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel	GOLD OVER NICKEL	3.6864 MHz	8 ns	55/45				ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TAPE AND REEL	e4
CB3LV-3I-40M0000	Cts	HCMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO	CERAMIC	3.6 V			50 pF	40 mA	3.3 V	3.3	DILCC4,.2,200	5 ms	Other Oscillators	7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.8mm	3 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel	GOLD OVER NICKEL	40 MHz	5 ns	55/45		Not Qualified	16 Amp	ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION	e4	1.5 MHz	107 MHz
CB3LV-3I-48M0000	Cts	CMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO	CERAMIC	3.6 V			50 pF	40 mA	3.3 V	3.3	DILCC4,.2,200	5 ms	Other Oscillators	7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.7mm	3 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel	GOLD OVER NICKEL	48 MHz	5 ns	55/45		Not Qualified	16 Amp	ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TAPE AND REEL	e4	1.5 MHz	107 MHz
CB3LV-3I-60M0000	Cts	HCMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO	CERAMIC	3.6 V			30 pF	25 mA	3.3 V	5	DILCC4,.2,200	4 ms	Other Oscillators	7.7mm x 5.2mm x 1.8mm	3 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel	GOLD OVER NICKEL	60 MHz	4 ns	55/45		Not Qualified		TAPE AND REEL; OUTPUT ENABLE FUNCTION	e4	1.5 MHz	125 MHz
CB3LV-3I-66M0000	Cts	CMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO	CERAMIC	3.6 V			30 pF	60 mA	3.3 V	3.3	DILCC4,.2,200	4 ms	Other Oscillators	7.7mm x 5.2mm x 1.8mm	3 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel	GOLD OVER NICKEL	66 MHz	4 ns	55/45		Not Qualified	16 Amp	ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TAPE AND REEL	e4	1.5 MHz	107 MHz
CB3LV-3I-66M6660	Cts	HCMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO	CERAMIC	3.6 V			30 pF	40 mA	3.3 V	3.3	DILCC4,.2,200	5 ms	Other Oscillators	7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.8mm	3 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel	GOLD OVER NICKEL	66.666 MHz	5 ns	55/45	CB3LV	Not Qualified	8 Amp	ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TAPE AND REEL	e4	1.5 MHz	200 MHz
CB3LV-3I-7M3728	Cts	HCMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO		3.6 V			50 pF		3.3 V			8 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.7mm	3 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel	GOLD OVER NICKEL	7.3728 MHz	8 ns	55/45				ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TAPE AND REEL	e4
CB3LV-3I-8M0000	Cts	HCMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO		3.6 V			50 pF		3.3 V			8 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.7mm	3 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel	GOLD OVER NICKEL	8 MHz	8 ns	55/45				ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION	e4
CB3LV-3I-8M1920	Cts	HCMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO	CERAMIC	3.6 V			50 pF	12 mA	3.3 V	3.3	DILCC4,.2,200	8 ms	Other Oscillators	7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.7mm	3 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel	GOLD OVER NICKEL	8.192 MHz	8 ns	55/45		Not Qualified	16 Amp	ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION	e4	1.5 MHz	107 MHz
CB3LV-5I-27M0000	Cts	CMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	25 %	NO	CERAMIC	3.6 V			50 pF	60 mA	3.3 V	3.3	DILCC4,.2,200	5 ms	Other Oscillators	7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.8mm	3 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel	GOLD OVER NICKEL	27 MHz	5 ns	55/45		Not Qualified		ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TR, 7 INCH	e4	1.5 MHz	160 MHz
CB3LV-5I-50M0000	Cts	HCMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	25 %	NO	CERAMIC	3.6 V			50 pF	40 mA	3.3 V	3.3	DILCC4,.2,200	5 ms	Other Oscillators	7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.7mm	3 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel	GOLD OVER NICKEL	50 MHz	5 ns	55/45	CB3LV	Not Qualified	16 Amp	ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TAPE AND REEL	e4	1.5 MHz	107 MHz
CC85LZ-A2B245-16.000TS	Cardinal Components	HCMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO		3.63 V	HCMOS		15 pF	30 mA	3.3 V		DILCC4,.2,200	3 ms		7mm x 5mm x 1.42mm	2.97 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel		16 MHz	3 ns	45/55				TRI-STATE; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION
CHT70C1002MNT	Cts	HCMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	100 %	NO	CERAMIC	2.625 V	HCMOS		15 pF	30 mA	2.5 V		DILCC4,.2,200	5 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.4mm	2.375 V	125 Cel	-55 Cel	GOLD OVER NICKEL	10 MHz	5 ns	55/45			4 Amp	STANDBY; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION	e4
CO4305-50.000-EXT-T-TR	Raltron Electronics	CMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO		3.63 V			5 TTL, 20 pF	25 mA	3.3 V	3.3	DILCC4,.2,200	3 ms	Other Oscillators	7mm x 5mm x 1.8mm	2.97 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel	Gold (Au)	50 MHz	3 ns	55/45		Not Qualified		ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION	e4
CO46025-125.000-EXT-T-TR	Raltron Electronics	CMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	25 %	NO	CERAMIC	3.63 V			5 TTL, 15 pF	25 mA	3.3 V	3.3	DILCC4,.2,200	2 ms	Other Oscillators	7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.8mm	2.97 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel	GOLD	125 MHz	2 ns	55/45		Not Qualified		ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TAPE AND REEL	e4	50 MHz	125 MHz
COM13025-25.000-EXT-T-TR	Raltron Electronics	HCMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	25 %	NO		3.63 V			15 pF	10 mA	3.3 V		DILCC4,.1,83	20 ms		3.2mm x 2.5mm x 1.0mm	2.97 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel		25 MHz	20 ns	55/45				STANDBY; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION
CPPC7LZ-A7BP-50.0000TS	Cardinal Components	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO	CERAMIC	3.6 V			15 pF	25 mA	3.3 V		DILCC4,.2,200	2.4 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.7mm	3 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel		50 MHz	2.4 ns	60/40			8 Amp	TRI-STATE; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION
CSX-750FBC1843200T	Citizen Finedevice	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	100 %	NO	CERAMIC	3.6 V			30 pF	15 mA	3.3 V	3.3	DILCC4,.2,200	8 ms	Other Oscillators	7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.6mm	3 V	70 Cel	-20 Cel		1.8432 MHz	8 ns	55/45		Not Qualified		ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TAPE AND REEL		1.8432 MHz	39.999 MHz
CSX-750FBC24000000T	Citizen Finedevice	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	100 %	NO		3.6 V			30 pF		3.3 V			8 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.6mm	3 V	70 Cel	-20 Cel		24 MHz	8 ns	55/45				ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TAPE AND REEL
CSX-750FBC24576000T	Citizen Finedevice	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	100 %	NO		3.6 V			30 pF		3.3 V			8 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.6mm	3 V	70 Cel	-20 Cel		24.576 MHz	8 ns	55/45				ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TAPE AND REEL
CSX-750FBC8000000T	Citizen Finedevice	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	100 %	NO		3.6 V			30 pF		3.3 V			8 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.6mm	3 V	70 Cel	-20 Cel		8 MHz	8 ns	55/45				ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TAPE AND REEL
CSX-750FBF16000000T	Citizen Finedevice	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	100 %	NO		3.6 V			30 pF		3.3 V			8 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.6mm	3 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel		16 MHz	8 ns	55/45				ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TAPE AND REEL
CSX-750FCC10000000T	Citizen Finedevice	CMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	100 %	NO	CERAMIC	5.5 V			10 TTL, 50 pF	25 mA	5 V	5	DILCC4,.2,200	8 ms	Other Oscillators	7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.6mm	4.5 V	70 Cel	-20 Cel		10 MHz	8 ns	60/40	CSX-750F	Not Qualified		ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TAPE AND REEL		1.8432 MHz	39.999 MHz
CSX-750FCC16000000T	Citizen Finedevice	CMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	100 %	NO		5.5 V			10 TTL, 50 pF		5 V			8 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.6mm	4.5 V	70 Cel	-20 Cel		16 MHz	8 ns	60/40				ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TAPE AND REEL
CSX-750FCC8000000T	Citizen Finedevice	CMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	100 %	NO		5.5 V			10 TTL, 50 pF		5 V			8 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.6mm	4.5 V	70 Cel	-20 Cel		8 MHz	8 ns	60/40				ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TAPE AND REEL
CSX-750FCF22118400T	Citizen Finedevice	CMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	100 %	NO		5.5 V			10 TTL, 50 pF		5 V			8 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.6mm	4.5 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel		22.1184 MHz	8 ns	60/40				ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TR
CSX750FBC24.000000MTR	Citizen Finedevice	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	100 %	NO		3.6 V			30 pF		3.3 V			8 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.6mm	3 V	70 Cel	-20 Cel		24 MHz	8 ns	55/45
CXOMN-10.0M,100/100/-/M	Statek	CMOS/TTL	SURFACE MOUNT	4	100 %	NO	CERAMIC	5.5 V			15 pF		5 V	0.9/5	LCC4,.2X.26,200/137	6 ms	Other Oscillators	6.68mm x 5.18mm x 1.4mm	4.5 V	125 Cel	-55 Cel	Gold (Au)	10 MHz	6 ns	60/40	CXOM	Not Qualified		OTHER VOLTAGE VARIENTS ARE AVAILABLE; TRAY; TAPE AND REEL	e4	.3 MHz	120 MHz
DSA1001DL1-125.0000VAO	Microchip Technology	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO				AEC-Q100	10 KOHM, 15 pF		3.3 V			2 ms		2.5mm x 2.0mm x 0.85mm		105 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	125 MHz	2 ns	55/45				AEC-Q100; STANDBY; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TUBE; ALSO COMPATIBLE WITH 1.8 & 2.5V SUPPLY VOLTAGE	e3
DSA1001DL2-033.3333TV16	Microchip Technology	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	25 %	NO					10 KOHM, 15 pF		3.3 V			2 ms		2.5mm x 2.0mm x 0.85mm		105 Cel	-40 Cel		33.3333 MHz	2 ns	55/45				AEC-Q100; STANDBY; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TR; ALSO COMPATIBLE WITH 1.8 & 2.5V SUPPLY VOLTAGE
DSC1001AE1-024.5761	Microchip Technology	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO	PLASTIC/EPOXY	3.6 V	CMOS	AEC-Q100	10 KOHM, 15 pF	12.2 mA	3.3 V		SOLCC4,.08,65	2 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 0.9mm	1.7 V	70 Cel	-20 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	24.5761 MHz	2 ns	55/45				ALSO OPERATES AT 2.5V AND 1.8V SUPPLY VOLTAGE	e4
DSC1001AI1-025.0000	Microchip Technology	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO	PLASTIC/EPOXY	3.6 V		AEC-Q100	10 KOHM, 15 pF	12.2 mA	3.3 V		SOLCC4,.08,65	2 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 0.9mm	1.7 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	25 MHz	2 ns	55/45				ALSO OPERATES AT 2.5V AND 1.8V SUPPLY VOLTAGE	e4
DSC1001AI2-050.0000	Microchip Technology	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	25 %	NO					15 pF		3.3 V			2 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 0.85mm		85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	50 MHz	2 ns	55/45				STANDBY; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; AEC-Q100; SUPPLY VOLT 1.8 AND 2.5 VOLTS ALSO AVAILABLE; TUBE	e4
DSC1001AL5-001.8432	Microchip Technology	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	10 %	NO	PLASTIC/EPOXY	3.6 V		AEC-Q100	10 KOHM, 15 pF	12.2 mA	3.3 V		SOLCC4,.08,65	2 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 0.9mm	1.7 V	105 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	1.8432 MHz	2 ns	55/45				ALSO OPERATES AT 2.5V AND 1.8V SUPPLY VOLTAGE	e4
DSC1001AL5-016.0000T	Microchip Technology	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	10 %	NO					10 KOHM, 15 pF		3.3 V			2 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 0.85mm		105 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	16 MHz	2 ns	55/45				AEC-Q100; STANDBY; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TR; 1.8 AND 2.5V SUPPLY VOLTAGE ALSO AVAILABLE	e4
DSC1001AL5-016.7772T	Microchip Technology	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	10 %	NO					10 KOHM, 15 pF		3.3 V			2 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 0.85mm		105 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	16.7772 MHz	2 ns	55/45				AEC-Q100; STANDBY; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TR; 1.8 AND 2.5V SUPPLY VOLTAGE ALSO AVAILABLE	e4
DSC1001AL5-025.0000	Microchip Technology	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	10 %	NO					10 KOHM, 15 pF		3.3 V			2 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 0.85mm		105 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	25 MHz	2 ns	55/45				AEC-Q100; STANDBY; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TUBE; 1.8 AND 2.5V SUPPLY VOLTAGE ALSO AVAILABLE	e4
DSC1001AL5-050.0000	Microchip Technology	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	10 %	NO	PLASTIC/EPOXY	3.6 V		AEC-Q100	10 KOHM, 15 pF	12.2 mA	3.3 V		SOLCC4,.08,65	2 ms		7.0mm x 5.0mm x 0.9mm	1.7 V	105 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	50 MHz	2 ns	55/45				ALSO OPERATES AT 2.5V AND 1.8V SUPPLY VOLTAGE	e4
DSC1001BE1-040.0000	Microchip Technology	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO					10 KOHM, 15 pF		3.3 V			2 ms		5.0mm x 3.2mm x 0.85mm		70 Cel	-20 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	40 MHz	2 ns	55/45				AEC-Q100; STANDBY; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TUBE; 1.8 AND 2.5V SUPPLY VOLTAGE ALSO AVAILABLE	e4
DSC1001BI1-024.0000	Microchip Technology	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO					10 KOHM, 15 pF		3.3 V			2 ms		5.0mm x 3.2mm x 0.85mm		85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	24 MHz	2 ns	55/45				AEC-Q100; STANDBY; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TUBE; 1.8 AND 2.5V SUPPLY VOLTAGE ALSO AVAILABLE	e4
DSC1001BI1-024.0000T	Microchip Technology	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO	PLASTIC/EPOXY			AEC-Q100; MIL-STD-883	10 KOHM, 15 pF		3.3 V		DILCC4,.12	2 ms		5.0mm x 3.2mm x 0.85mm		85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	24 MHz	2 ns	55/45				STANDBY; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION	e4
DSC1001BI1-040.0000	Microchip Technology	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO	PLASTIC/EPOXY	3.6 V		AEC-Q100	10 KOHM, 15 pF	12.2 mA	3.3 V		SOLCC4,.12,100	2 ms		5.0mm x 3.2mm x 0.9mm	1.7 V	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	40 MHz	2 ns	55/45				ALSO OPERATES AT 2.5V AND 1.8V SUPPLY VOLTAGE	e4
DSC1001BI1-050.0000	Microchip Technology	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO					10 KOHM, 15 pF		3.3 V			2 ms		5.0mm x 3.2mm x 0.85mm		85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	50 MHz	2 ns	55/45				AEC-Q100; STANDBY; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TUBE; 1.8 AND 2.5V SUPPLY VOLTAGE ALSO AVAILABLE	e4
DSC1001BI1-050.0000T	Microchip Technology	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	50 %	NO					10 KOHM, 15 pF		3.3 V			2 ms		5.0mm x 3.2mm x 0.85mm		85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	50 MHz	2 ns	55/45				AEC-Q100; STANDBY; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TR; 1.8 AND 2.5V SUPPLY VOLTAGE ALSO AVAILABLE	e4
DSC1001BI2-002.0480	Microchip Technology	CMOS	SURFACE MOUNT	4	25 %	NO					10 KOHM, 15 pF		3.3 V			2 ms		5.0mm x 3.2mm x 0.85mm		85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	2.048 MHz	2 ns	55/45				AEC-Q100; STANDBY; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; SUPPLY VOLTAGE OF 1.8 & 2.5V ALSO AVAILABLE; TUBE	e4

XO Clock Oscillators

Crystal Oscillator (XO) Clock Oscillators are electronic devices that generate a stable clock signal with a fixed frequency. They use a quartz crystal resonator as the frequency-determining element, which provides a stable and accurate frequency over a wide temperature range.

One of the main advantages of XO Clock Oscillators is their ability to generate a stable and precise clock signal with a fixed frequency. This makes them ideal for use in applications that require precise timing, such as in digital signal processing, telecommunications, and scientific research.

XO Clock Oscillators offer a low phase noise, which is important in applications that require a clean and stable clock signal. They are capable of generating frequencies ranging from a few kilohertz to several hundred megahertz, making them suitable for use in various electronic circuits.

Additionally, XO Clock Oscillators have a relatively simple design and are easy to integrate into electronic systems. They are available in a range of package sizes and configurations, allowing them to be used in various applications, including in communication systems, network equipment, and instrumentation.