Part | RoHS | Manufacturer | Oscillator Type | Mounting Feature | No. of Terminals | Frequency Stability | Frequency Adjustment (Mechanical) | Aging | Package Body Material | Maximum Supply Voltage | Technology | Screening Level | Output Load | Maximum Supply Current | Nominal Supply Voltage | Power Supplies (V) | Package Equivalence Code | Maximum Rise Time | Sub-Category | Physical Dimension | Minimum Supply Voltage | Maximum Operating Temperature | Minimum Operating Temperature | Terminal Finish | Nominal Operating Frequency | Maximum Fall Time | Maximum Symmetry (%) | Manufacturer Series | Qualification | Maximum Output Low Current | Additional Features | JESD-609 Code | Minimum Operating Frequency | Maximum Operating Frequency |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Silicon Labs |
CML |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
20 % |
NO |
3.465 V |
5 pF |
3.3 V |
1.5 ms |
5.0mm x 3.2mm x 1.33mm |
3.135 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
Nickel/Gold (Ni/Au) |
156.25 MHz |
1.5 ns |
55/45 |
TRI-STATE; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; COMPLEMENTARY OUTPUT; TR |
e4 |
||||||||||||||
Silicon Labs |
LVPECL |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
10 % |
NO |
3.465 V |
MIL-STD-883 |
50 OHM |
153 mA |
3.3 V |
DILCC6,.2 |
.35 ms |
7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.43 mm |
3.135 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
156.25 MHz |
.35 ns |
55/45 |
SUPPLY VOLTAGE 2.5V ALSO AVAILABLE; TRI-STATE; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION |
||||||||||||||
Silicon Labs |
LVDS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
20 % |
NO |
3.465 V |
MIL-STD-883 |
100 OHM |
121 mA |
3.3 V |
SOLCC6,.12 |
.35 ms |
5.0mm x 3.2mm x 1.33mm |
3.135 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
100 MHz |
.35 ns |
55/45 |
SUPPLY VOLTAGE 1.8V & 2.5V ALSO AVAILABLE; TRI-STATE; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION |
||||||||||||||
|
Silicon Labs |
LVDS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
20 % |
NO |
3.465 V |
100 OHM |
3.3 V |
.35 ms |
5.0mm x 3.2mm x 1.33mm |
3.135 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
Gold (Au) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
150 MHz |
.35 ns |
55/45 |
TRI-STATE; E/D FUNCTION; 1.8 2.5V SUPPLY VOLTAGE ALSO AVAILABLE; DIFFERENTIAL OUTPUT; TAPE |
e4 |
||||||||||||||
|
Silicon Labs |
LVDS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
20 % |
NO |
3.465 V |
100 OHM |
3.3 V |
.35 ms |
5.0mm x 3.2mm x 1.28mm |
3.135 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
156.25 MHz |
.35 ns |
55/45 |
TRI-STATE; E/D FUNCTION; COMPLEMENTARY OUTPUT1.8 2.5V SUPPLY VOLTAGE ALSO AVAILABLE; TAPE |
||||||||||||||||
|
Silicon Labs |
LVDS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
20 % |
NO |
3.465 V |
100 OHM |
3.3 V |
.35 ms |
5.0mm x 3.2mm x 1.33mm |
3.135 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
Gold (Au) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
250 MHz |
.35 ns |
55/45 |
TRI-STATE; E/D FUNCTION; 1.8 2.5V SUPPLY VOLTAGE ALSO AVAILABLE; DIFFERENTIAL OUTPUT; TR |
e4 |
||||||||||||||
Silicon Labs |
LVDS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
7 % |
NO |
3.465 V |
MIL-STD-883 |
100 OHM |
121 mA |
3.3 V |
SOLCC6,.12 |
.35 ms |
5.0mm x 3.2mm x 1.33mm |
3.135 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
156.25 MHz |
.35 ns |
55/45 |
SUPPLY VOLTAGE 1.8V & 2.5V ALSO AVAILABLE; TRI-STATE; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION |
||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
LVDS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
50 % |
NO |
3.63 V |
3.3 V |
1 ms |
7.0mm x 5.08mm x 1.8mm |
2.97 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
100 MHz |
1 ns |
55/45 |
TRI-STATE; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; COMPLEMENTARY OUTPUT; TAPE AND REEL |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
LVCMOS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
METAL |
3.465 V |
25 mA |
3.3 V |
3.3 |
DILCC6,.35 |
3 ms |
Other Oscillators |
14.3mm x 8.7mm x 5.5mm |
3.135 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
81.92 MHz |
3 ns |
55/45 |
Not Qualified |
TAPE AND REEL |
80 MHz |
200 MHz |
|||||||||
|
Abracon |
LVCMOS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
METAL |
3.465 V |
25 mA |
3.3 V |
3.3 |
DILCC6,.35 |
3 ms |
Other Oscillators |
14.3mm x 8.7mm x 5.5mm |
3.135 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
98.304 MHz |
3 ns |
55/45 |
Not Qualified |
TAPE AND REEL |
80 MHz |
200 MHz |
|||||||||
|
Abracon |
LVPECL |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
30 % |
NO |
3.63 V |
50 OHM |
50 mA |
3.3 V |
LCC4,.08X.1,57/33 |
.6 ms |
2.5mm x 2.0mm x 1.0mm |
2.97 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
125 MHz |
.6 ns |
55/45 |
ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; COMPLEMENTARY OUTPUT |
||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
LVPECL |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
30 % |
NO |
3.63 V |
50 OHM |
50 mA |
3.3 V |
LCC4,.08X.1,57/33 |
.6 ms |
2.5mm x 2.0mm x 1.0mm |
2.97 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
156.25 MHz |
.6 ns |
55/45 |
ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; COMPLEMENTARY OUTPUT |
||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
LVDS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
2.62 V |
100 OHM |
27 mA |
2.5 V |
SOLCC4,.12 |
.4 ms |
5.0mm x 3.2mm x 1.2mm |
2.37 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
200 MHz |
.4 ns |
55/45 |
ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; COMPLEMENTARY OUTPUT |
||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
CMOS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
CMOS |
35 mA |
2.5/3.3 |
SOLCC6,.1,40 |
XO, Clock |
3.2mm x 2.5mm x 0.85mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD |
14.7456 MHz |
Not Qualified |
6 Amp |
e4 |
10 MHz |
170 MHz |
||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
CMOS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
CMOS |
2.5/3.3 |
SOLCC6,.1,40 |
XO, Clock |
3.2mm x 2.5mm x 0.85mm |
125 Cel |
-55 Cel |
NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD |
24 MHz |
Not Qualified |
6 Amp |
e4 |
10 MHz |
100 MHz |
|||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
CMOS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
CMOS |
35 mA |
2.5/3.3 |
SOLCC6,.1,40 |
XO, Clock |
3.2mm x 2.5mm x 0.85mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD |
100 MHz |
Not Qualified |
6 Amp |
e4 |
10 MHz |
170 MHz |
||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
HSCL |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
3.6 V |
50 OHM |
3.2mm x 2.5mm x 0.85mm |
2.25 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au) |
10 MHz |
52/48 |
TRI-STATE; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TAPE AND REEL |
e4 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
HSCL |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
3.6 V |
50 OHM |
42 mA |
LCC6,.1X.12,62/41 |
.4 ms |
3.2mm x 2.5mm x 0.85mm |
2.25 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD |
100 MHz |
.4 ns |
52/48 |
TRI-STATE; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; DIFFERENTIAL OUTPUT |
e4 |
||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
LVDS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
3.6 V |
50 OHM |
3.2mm x 2.5mm x 0.85mm |
2.25 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au) |
10 MHz |
52/48 |
TRI-STATE; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TUBE |
e4 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
LVDS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
3.6 V |
CMOS |
100 OHM |
32 mA |
2.5/3.3 |
SOLCC6,.1,40 |
XO, Clock |
3.2mm x 2.5mm x 0.85mm |
2.25 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD |
100 MHz |
52/48 |
Not Qualified |
DIFFERENTIAL OUTPUT: STANDBY; TRI-STATE; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TUBE |
e4 |
2.3 MHz |
460 MHz |
||||||||
|
Abracon |
LVDS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
3.6 V |
100 OHM |
3.2mm x 2.5mm x 0.85mm |
2.25 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD |
156.25 MHz |
52/48 |
STAND-BY; POWER DOWN; ENABLE/DISABLE; TUBE |
e4 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
CMOS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
10 % |
NO |
3.3 V |
15 pF |
3 V |
5 ms |
3.2mm x 2.5mm x 0.9mm |
2.7 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
4 MHz |
5 ns |
45/55 |
TRI-STATE; TAPE AND REEL |
||||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
CMOS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
CMOS |
2.5/3.3 |
SOLCC6,.12 |
XO, Clock |
5.0mm x 3.2mm x 0.85mm |
125 Cel |
-55 Cel |
NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD |
125 MHz |
Not Qualified |
6 Amp |
e4 |
10 MHz |
100 MHz |
|||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
CMOS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
CMOS |
2.5/3.3 |
SOLCC6,.12 |
XO, Clock |
5.0mm x 3.2mm x 0.85mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD |
14.7456 MHz |
Not Qualified |
6 Amp |
e4 |
10 MHz |
170 MHz |
|||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
CMOS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
CMOS |
2.5/3.3 |
SOLCC6,.12 |
XO, Clock |
5.0mm x 3.2mm x 0.85mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD |
16.384 MHz |
Not Qualified |
6 Amp |
e4 |
10 MHz |
170 MHz |
|||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
CMOS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
CMOS |
2.5/3.3 |
SOLCC6,.12 |
XO, Clock |
5.0mm x 3.2mm x 0.85mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au) |
200 MHz |
Not Qualified |
6 Amp |
e4 |
10 MHz |
170 MHz |
|||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
CMOS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
CMOS |
2.5/3.3 |
SOLCC6,.12 |
XO, Clock |
5.0mm x 3.2mm x 0.85mm |
70 Cel |
-20 Cel |
NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD |
200 MHz |
Not Qualified |
6 Amp |
e4 |
10 MHz |
170 MHz |
|||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
CMOS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
CMOS |
2.5/3.3 |
SOLCC6,.12 |
XO, Clock |
5.0mm x 3.2mm x 0.85mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD |
68 MHz |
Not Qualified |
6 Amp |
e4 |
10 MHz |
170 MHz |
|||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
LVDS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
CMOS |
32 mA |
2.5/3.3 |
SOLCC6,.12 |
XO, Clock |
5.0mm x 3.2mm x 0.85mm |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD |
34 MHz |
Not Qualified |
e4 |
10 MHz |
460 MHz |
|||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
LVDS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
35 % |
NO |
3.465 V |
15 pF |
3.3 V |
.35 ms |
7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.9mm |
3.135 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
320 MHz |
.45 ns |
55/45 |
ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; BULK |
||||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
LVDS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
35 % |
NO |
2.625 V |
15 pF |
2.5 V |
.35 ms |
7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.9mm |
2.375 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
500 MHz |
.45 ns |
55/45 |
ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; BULK |
||||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
LVCMOS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
CERAMIC |
3.465 V |
15 pF |
40 mA |
3.3 V |
3 ms |
7mm X 5mm X 1.5 mm |
3.135 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
114.285 MHz |
3 ns |
55/45 |
ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION |
||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
LVPECL |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
20 % |
NO |
3.63 V |
50 OHM |
69 mA |
SOLCC6,.1,43 |
.7 ms |
3.2mm x 2.5mm x 0.75mm |
2.25 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
156.25 MHz |
.7 ns |
55/45 |
ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; COMPLEMENTARY OUTPUT |
|||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
CMOS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
50 % |
NO |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
3.6 V |
CMOS |
MIL-STD-883 |
15 pF |
2.5/3.3 |
DILCC6,.2 |
2 ms |
XO, Clock |
7.0mm x 5.0mm x 0.85mm |
2.25 V |
125 Cel |
-55 Cel |
12.288 MHz |
2 ns |
55/45 |
Not Qualified |
6 Amp |
STANDBY; TRI-STATE; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION |
|||||||||
|
Abracon |
CMOS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
3.6 V |
CMOS |
MIL-STD-883 |
15 pF |
2.5/3.3 |
DILCC6,.2 |
2 ms |
XO, Clock |
7.0mm x 5.0mm x 0.85mm |
2.25 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
13 MHz |
2 ns |
55/45 |
Not Qualified |
6 Amp |
STANDBY; TRI-STATE; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION |
|||||||||
|
Abracon |
LVDS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
1.89 V |
100 OHM |
1.8 V |
LCC6,.1X.13,59/47 |
.5 ms |
3.2mm x 2.5mm x 1.0mm |
1.71 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
100 MHz |
.5 ns |
55/45 |
ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; COMPLEMENTARY OUTPUT |
|||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
HCSL |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
3.63 V |
50 OHM |
3.3 V |
LCC6,.1X.13,59/47 |
.5 ms |
3.2mm x 2.5mm x 1.0mm |
2.97 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
100 MHz |
.5 ns |
55/45 |
ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; COMPLEMENTARY OUTPUT |
|||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
HCSL |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
3.63 V |
50 OHM |
3.3 V |
LCC6,.1X.13,59/47 |
.5 ms |
3.2mm x 2.5mm x 1.0mm |
2.97 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
100 MHz |
.5 ns |
55/45 |
ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; COMPLEMENTARY OUTPUT |
|||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
HCSL |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
3.63 V |
50 OHM |
3.3 V |
LCC6,.1X.13,59/47 |
.5 ms |
3.2mm x 2.5mm x 1.0mm |
2.97 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
125 MHz |
.5 ns |
55/45 |
ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; COMPLEMENTARY OUTPUT |
|||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
HCSL |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
3.63 V |
50 OHM |
3.3 V |
LCC6,.1X.13,59/47 |
.5 ms |
3.2mm x 2.5mm x 1.0mm |
2.97 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
148.5 MHz |
.5 ns |
55/45 |
ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; COMPLEMENTARY OUTPUT |
|||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
LVPECL |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
3.63 V |
50 OHM |
3.3 V |
LCC6,.1X.13,59/47 |
.4 ms |
3.2mm x 2.5mm x 1.0mm |
2.97 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
100 MHz |
.4 ns |
55/45 |
ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; COMPLEMENTARY OUTPUT |
|||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
LVPECL |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
3.63 V |
50 OHM |
3.3 V |
LCC6,.1X.13,59/47 |
.4 ms |
3.2mm x 2.5mm x 1.0mm |
2.97 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
156.25 MHz |
.4 ns |
55/45 |
ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; COMPLEMENTARY OUTPUT |
|||||||||||||||
|
Abracon |
LVPECL |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
3.63 V |
50 OHM |
3.3 V |
LCC6,.1X.13,59/47 |
.4 ms |
3.2mm x 2.5mm x 1.0mm |
2.97 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
156.25 MHz |
.4 ns |
55/45 |
ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; COMPLEMENTARY OUTPUT |
|||||||||||||||
|
Diodes Incorporated |
LVPECL |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
50 % |
NO |
3.465 V |
50 OHM |
3.3 V |
.6 ms |
5.0mm x 3.2mm x 1.2mm |
3.135 V |
70 Cel |
-20 Cel |
133.33 MHz |
.6 ns |
55/45 |
STANDBY; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION |
||||||||||||||||
|
Microchip Technology |
CMOS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
25 % |
NO |
3.6 V |
15 pF |
2 ms |
2.5mm x 2.0mm x 0.9mm |
2.25 V |
105 Cel |
-40 Cel |
NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD |
24.75 MHz |
2 ns |
55/45 |
ENABLE/DISABLE FUNTION; TR |
e4 |
|||||||||||||||
|
Silicon Labs |
LVDS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
20 % |
NO |
PLASTIC/EPOXY |
3.63 V |
98 mA |
3.3 V |
3.3 |
DILCC6,.2 |
.35 ms |
Other Oscillators |
7.0mm x 5.0mm x 1.85mm |
2.97 V |
85 Cel |
-40 Cel |
Gold (Au) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
100 MHz |
.35 ns |
55/45 |
Not Qualified |
TAPE AND REEL |
e4 |
10 MHz |
945 MHz |
|||||||
|
Microchip Technology |
CMOS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
50 % |
NO |
3.6 V |
15 pF |
2 ms |
2.5mm x 2.0mm x 0.9mm |
2.25 V |
125 Cel |
-55 Cel |
NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD |
33.333 MHz |
2 ns |
55/45 |
STANDBY; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TUBE |
e4 |
|||||||||||||||
|
Microchip Technology |
CMOS |
SURFACE MOUNT |
6 |
50 % |
NO |
3.6 V |
15 pF |
2 ms |
2.5mm x 2.0mm x 0.9mm |
2.25 V |
125 Cel |
-55 Cel |
NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD |
33.333 MHz |
2 ns |
55/45 |
STANDBY; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; TR |
e4 |
Crystal Oscillator (XO) Clock Oscillators are electronic devices that generate a stable clock signal with a fixed frequency. They use a quartz crystal resonator as the frequency-determining element, which provides a stable and accurate frequency over a wide temperature range.
One of the main advantages of XO Clock Oscillators is their ability to generate a stable and precise clock signal with a fixed frequency. This makes them ideal for use in applications that require precise timing, such as in digital signal processing, telecommunications, and scientific research.
XO Clock Oscillators offer a low phase noise, which is important in applications that require a clean and stable clock signal. They are capable of generating frequencies ranging from a few kilohertz to several hundred megahertz, making them suitable for use in various electronic circuits.
Additionally, XO Clock Oscillators have a relatively simple design and are easy to integrate into electronic systems. They are available in a range of package sizes and configurations, allowing them to be used in various applications, including in communication systems, network equipment, and instrumentation.