8 Power Supply Modules 1,054

Reset All
Part RoHS Manufacturer Other IC type Temperature Grade No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Surface Mount Total Dose (V) Maximum Switching Frequency Package Body Material Approvals (V) Maximum Supply Current (Isup) Maximum Output Current Trim or Adjustable Output (V) No. of Functions Technology Screening Level Terminal Form Main Out Ripple Voltage Control Technique Main Output Efficiency Nominal Supply Voltage (Vsup) Power Supplies (V) Switcher Config Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Sub-Category Terminal Pitch Maximum Operating Temperature Minimum Output Voltage Control Mode Protection(s) Maximum Line Regulation Maximum Total Power Output Minimum Operating Temperature Terminal Finish Maximum Output Voltage Terminal Position JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Seated Height Height Width (mm) Qualification Maximum Load Regulation Nominal Input Voltage Warm-Up Time Additional Features Minimum Input Voltage JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) No. of Outputs Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Length Nominal Output Voltage Maximum Input Voltage

PTQA430033N2AZ

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

HYBRID

UNSPECIFIED

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

85 Cel

2.64 V

100 W

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

3.63 V

DUAL

R-PDMA-X8

3

Not Qualified

48 V

36 V

e1

1

3.3 V

75 V

PTQA420050P2AD

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

HYBRID

THROUGH-HOLE

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

85 Cel

4 V

100 W

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

5.5 V

DUAL

R-PDMA-T8

Not Qualified

48 V

36 V

e3

1

5 V

75 V

PTQA420025P2AD

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

HYBRID

THROUGH-HOLE

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

85 Cel

2 V

75 W

-40 Cel

2.75 V

DUAL

R-PDMA-T8

Not Qualified

48 V

36 V

1

2.5 V

75 V

PWR335/G

Texas Instruments

DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

SQUARE

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

100 Cel

14.25 V

2 W

-40 Cel

15.75 V

DUAL

S-MDMA-P8

10.41 mm

22.86 mm

Not Qualified

48 V

38.4 V

4

28.58 mm

15 V

57.6 V

PWR5300

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

IN-LINE

100 Cel

4.95 V

15 W

-40 Cel

5.05 V

DUAL

R-MDIP-P8

63.5 mm

Not Qualified

1 %

9 V

1

60.96 mm

5 V

18 V

PTB48511AAH

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

3.5 V

65 W

TIN

5.5 V

DUAL

R-XDMA-P8

Not Qualified

.4 %

48 V

ADDITIONAL -5V OUTPUT AVAILABLE

36 V

e3

2

5 V

75 V

PWR5309

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

IN-LINE

100 Cel

4.95 V

15 W

-40 Cel

5.05 V

DUAL

R-MDIP-P8

63.5 mm

Not Qualified

1 %

9 V

2

60.96 mm

5 V

18 V

PTQA430050N2AZ

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

HYBRID

UNSPECIFIED

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

85 Cel

4 V

100 W

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

5.5 V

DUAL

R-PDMA-X8

Not Qualified

48 V

36 V

e1

1

5 V

75 V

PWR5315

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

IN-LINE

100 Cel

4.95 V

15 W

-40 Cel

5.05 V

DUAL

R-MDIP-P8

63.5 mm

Not Qualified

1 %

36 V

2

60.96 mm

5 V

72 V

PTQA430033N2AS

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

HYBRID

UNSPECIFIED

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

85 Cel

2.64 V

100 W

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

3.63 V

DUAL

R-PDMA-X8

3

Not Qualified

48 V

36 V

e0

1

3.3 V

75 V

PTEA404120P2AZ

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

HYBRID

UNSPECIFIED

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

85 Cel

7.2 V

50 W

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

13.2 V

UNSPECIFIED

R-XXMA-X8

Not Qualified

48 V

36 V

e1

1

12 V

75 V

PWR5306

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

IN-LINE

100 Cel

4.95 V

15 W

-40 Cel

5.05 V

DUAL

R-MDIP-P8

63.5 mm

Not Qualified

1 %

36 V

1

60.96 mm

5 V

72 V

PWR329/G

Texas Instruments

DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

SQUARE

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

100 Cel

14.25 V

2 W

-40 Cel

15.75 V

DUAL

S-MDMA-P8

10.41 mm

22.86 mm

Not Qualified

28 V

22.4 V

4

28.58 mm

15 V

33.6 V

PWR209/T

Texas Instruments

DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

SQUARE

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

IN-LINE

5.08 mm

100 Cel

4.75 V

1.5 W

-40 Cel

5.25 V

DUAL

S-MDMA-P8

10.41 mm

20.32 mm

Not Qualified

12 V

9.6 V

2

28.58 mm

5 V

14.4 V

PWR317

Texas Instruments

DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

SQUARE

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

100 Cel

14.25 V

2 W

-40 Cel

15.75 V

DUAL

S-MDMA-P8

10.41 mm

22.86 mm

Not Qualified

15 V

12 V

4

28.58 mm

15 V

18 V

PTB48580AAH

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

3.5 V

30 W

MATTE TIN

6 V

DUAL

R-XDMA-P8

Not Qualified

1 %

48 V

ADDITIONAL -5V OUTPUT AVAILABLE

36 V

e3

2

5 V

75 V

PWR329/T

Texas Instruments

DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

SQUARE

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

100 Cel

14.25 V

2 W

-40 Cel

15.75 V

DUAL

S-MDMA-P8

10.41 mm

22.86 mm

Not Qualified

28 V

22.4 V

4

28.58 mm

15 V

33.6 V

PWR328

Texas Instruments

DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

SQUARE

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

100 Cel

11.4 V

2 W

-40 Cel

12.6 V

DUAL

S-MDMA-P8

10.41 mm

22.86 mm

Not Qualified

28 V

22.4 V

4

28.58 mm

12 V

33.6 V

PWR5317

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

IN-LINE

100 Cel

14.85 V

15 W

-40 Cel

15.15 V

DUAL

R-MDIP-P8

63.5 mm

Not Qualified

1 %

36 V

2

60.96 mm

15 V

72 V

PTQA420033N2AS

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

HYBRID

UNSPECIFIED

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

85 Cel

2.64 V

100 W

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

3.63 V

DUAL

R-PDMA-X8

Not Qualified

48 V

36 V

e0

1

3.3 V

75 V

PWR5302

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

IN-LINE

100 Cel

14.85 V

15 W

-40 Cel

15.15 V

DUAL

R-MDIP-P8

63.5 mm

Not Qualified

1 %

9 V

1

60.96 mm

15 V

18 V

PTB48510AAS

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

HYBRID

UNSPECIFIED

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

3.5 V

65 W

TIN LEAD

5.5 V

DUAL

R-XDMA-X8

3

Not Qualified

.4 %

48 V

ADDITIONAL -5V OUTPUT AVAILABLE

36 V

e0

2

5 V

75 V

PTQA420025P2AZ

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

HYBRID

UNSPECIFIED

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

85 Cel

2 V

75 W

-40 Cel

TIN SILVER COPPER

2.75 V

DUAL

R-PDMA-X8

Not Qualified

48 V

36 V

e1

1

2.5 V

75 V

PTQA420033P2AD

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

HYBRID

THROUGH-HOLE

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

85 Cel

2.64 V

100 W

-40 Cel

3.63 V

DUAL

R-PDMA-T8

Not Qualified

48 V

36 V

1

3.3 V

75 V

PWR327/G

Texas Instruments

DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

SQUARE

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

100 Cel

4.75 V

2 W

-40 Cel

5.25 V

DUAL

S-MDMA-P8

10.41 mm

22.86 mm

Not Qualified

28 V

22.4 V

4

28.58 mm

5 V

33.6 V

PWR304/T

Texas Instruments

DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

SQUARE

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

100 Cel

11.4 V

2 W

-40 Cel

12.6 V

DUAL

S-MDMA-P8

10.41 mm

22.86 mm

Not Qualified

5 V

4 V

4

28.58 mm

12 V

6 V

PWR5319

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

IN-LINE

100 Cel

4.9 V

15 W

-40 Cel

5.1 V

DUAL

R-MDIP-P8

63.5 mm

Not Qualified

5 %

9 V

3

60.96 mm

5 V

18 V

PWR335/T

Texas Instruments

DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

SQUARE

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

100 Cel

14.25 V

2 W

-40 Cel

15.75 V

DUAL

S-MDMA-P8

10.41 mm

22.86 mm

Not Qualified

48 V

38.4 V

4

28.58 mm

15 V

57.6 V

PTB48510BAZ

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

HYBRID

UNSPECIFIED

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

6.5 V

72 W

TIN SILVER COPPER

13.4 V

DUAL

R-XDMA-X8

3

Not Qualified

1 %

48 V

ADDITIONAL -12V OUTPUT AVAILABLE

36 V

e1

2

12 V

75 V

PWR305

Texas Instruments

DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

SQUARE

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

100 Cel

14.25 V

2 W

-40 Cel

15.75 V

DUAL

S-MDMA-P8

10.41 mm

22.86 mm

Not Qualified

5 V

4 V

4

28.58 mm

15 V

6 V

PWR204/T

Texas Instruments

DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

SQUARE

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

5.08 mm

100 Cel

11.4 V

1.5 W

-40 Cel

12.6 V

DUAL

S-MDMA-P8

10.41 mm

20.32 mm

Not Qualified

5 V

4 V

2

28.58 mm

12 V

6 V

PWR303/T

Texas Instruments

DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

SQUARE

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

100 Cel

4.75 V

2 W

-40 Cel

5.25 V

DUAL

S-MDMA-P8

10.41 mm

22.86 mm

Not Qualified

5 V

4 V

4

28.58 mm

5 V

6 V

PWR5304

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

IN-LINE

100 Cel

11.88 V

15 W

-40 Cel

12.12 V

DUAL

R-MDIP-P8

63.5 mm

Not Qualified

1 %

18 V

1

60.96 mm

12 V

36 V

PTQA420050P2AS

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

HYBRID

UNSPECIFIED

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

85 Cel

4 V

100 W

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

5.5 V

DUAL

R-PDMA-X8

1

Not Qualified

48 V

36 V

e0

20

1

235

5 V

75 V

PWR205/T

Texas Instruments

DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

SQUARE

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

5.08 mm

100 Cel

14.25 V

1.5 W

-40 Cel

15.75 V

DUAL

S-MDMA-P8

10.41 mm

20.32 mm

Not Qualified

5 V

4 V

2

28.58 mm

15 V

6 V

PWR204/G

Texas Instruments

DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

SQUARE

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

5.08 mm

100 Cel

11.4 V

1.5 W

-40 Cel

12.6 V

DUAL

S-MDMA-P8

10.41 mm

20.32 mm

Not Qualified

5 V

4 V

2

28.58 mm

12 V

6 V

PTV12010LAD

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

SMA

RECTANGULAR

NO

400 kHz

UNSPECIFIED

"UL,IEC,CSA"

8 A

YES

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

.005 Vrms

85 %

BUCK

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

85 Cel

.8 V

VOLTAGE-MODE

OUTPUT OVER CURRENT;THERMAL

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

1.8 V

SINGLE

R-XSMA-P8

10.4 mm

Not Qualified

12 V

10.8 V

e3

1

13.2 V

PWR315/G

Texas Instruments

DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

SQUARE

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

100 Cel

4.75 V

2 W

-40 Cel

5.25 V

DUAL

S-MDMA-P8

10.41 mm

22.86 mm

Not Qualified

15 V

12 V

4

28.58 mm

5 V

18 V

PTB48511BAH

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

6.5 V

72 W

TIN

13.4 V

DUAL

R-XDMA-P8

Not Qualified

1 %

48 V

ADDITIONAL -12V OUTPUT AVAILABLE

36 V

e3

2

12 V

75 V

PTB48510BAS

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

HYBRID

UNSPECIFIED

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

6.5 V

72 W

TIN LEAD

13.4 V

DUAL

R-XDMA-X8

1

Not Qualified

1 %

48 V

ADDITIONAL -12V OUTPUT AVAILABLE

36 V

e0

20

2

235

12 V

75 V

PWR309/G

Texas Instruments

DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

SQUARE

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

IN-LINE

100 Cel

4.75 V

2 W

-40 Cel

5.25 V

DUAL

S-MDMA-P8

10.41 mm

22.86 mm

Not Qualified

12 V

9.6 V

4

28.58 mm

5 V

14.4 V

PWR5311

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

IN-LINE

100 Cel

14.85 V

15 W

-40 Cel

15.15 V

DUAL

R-MDIP-P8

63.5 mm

Not Qualified

1 %

9 V

2

60.96 mm

15 V

18 V

PTQA430025N2AS

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

HYBRID

UNSPECIFIED

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

85 Cel

2 V

75 W

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

2.75 V

DUAL

R-PDMA-X8

3

Not Qualified

48 V

36 V

e0

1

2.5 V

75 V

PWR315/T

Texas Instruments

DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

SQUARE

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

100 Cel

4.75 V

2 W

-40 Cel

5.25 V

DUAL

S-MDMA-P8

10.41 mm

22.86 mm

Not Qualified

15 V

12 V

4

28.58 mm

5 V

18 V

PTQA420050N2AD

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

HYBRID

THROUGH-HOLE

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

85 Cel

4 V

100 W

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

5.5 V

DUAL

R-PDMA-T8

Not Qualified

48 V

36 V

e3

1

5 V

75 V

PTB48510AAZ

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

HYBRID

UNSPECIFIED

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

3.5 V

65 W

TIN SILVER COPPER

5.5 V

DUAL

R-XDMA-X8

3

Not Qualified

.4 %

48 V

ADDITIONAL -5V OUTPUT AVAILABLE

36 V

e1

2

5 V

75 V

PWR5326

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

INDUSTRIAL

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

METAL

NO

1

HYBRID

PIN/PEG

IN-LINE

100 Cel

4.9 V

15 W

-40 Cel

5.1 V

DUAL

R-MDIP-P8

63.5 mm

Not Qualified

5 %

36 V

3

60.96 mm

5 V

72 V

PTB48511AAZ

Texas Instruments

DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE

8

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

HYBRID

UNSPECIFIED

MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY

3.5 V

65 W

TIN SILVER COPPER

5.5 V

DUAL

R-XDMA-X8

3

Not Qualified

.4 %

48 V

ADDITIONAL -5V OUTPUT AVAILABLE

36 V

e1

2

5 V

75 V

Power Supply Modules

Power Supply Modules are electronic devices that convert one form of electrical power into another form that is suitable for powering electronic devices. These modules are used in a wide range of applications, including industrial automation, telecommunications, and consumer electronics.

Power supply modules can convert electrical power from various sources, including AC mains power, batteries, and renewable energy sources such as solar panels. The modules may also provide different output voltages and current levels depending on the requirements of the electronic devices being powered.

Power supply modules can be designed with various features, including overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, short circuit protection, and thermal protection to ensure safe and reliable operation. Many power supply modules are also designed to meet specific industry standards and regulations, such as EN 60950 for information technology equipment, and EN 61000 for electromagnetic compatibility.