27 Switching Regulators & Controllers 142

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Part	Manufacturer	Other IC type	Temperature Grade	No. of Terminals	Package Shape	Surface Mount	Maximum Switching Frequency	Package Body Material	Maximum Output Current	No. of Functions	Technology	Terminal Form	Switcher Config	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Control Mode	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Position	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Qualification	Nominal Input Voltage	Minimum Input Voltage	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Maximum Input Voltage
PT7756C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	27	RECTANGULAR	YES	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	15 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP27H,1.8	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G27		Not Qualified	24 V	20 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	28 V
PT7615C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	YES	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	20 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP27H,1.4	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V			5.5 V
PT6947N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27	1	Not Qualified	5 V	3.1 V			5.5 V
PT7751N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	15 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	24 V	20 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	28 V
PT7705A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	750 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	18 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27H,1.4	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5.5 V
PT7709C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	YES	400 kHz	METAL	20 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP27H,1.4	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-MSMA-G27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5.5 V
PT6948A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27	1	Not Qualified	5 V	3.1 V			5.5 V
PT7707N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	750 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	18 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27	Switching Regulator or Controllers		65 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V			5.5 V
PT6942A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5.5 V
PT7721A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	METAL	17 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel	SINGLE	R-MSMA-T27	1	Not Qualified	12 V	11 V			14 V
PT7772A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	750 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	32 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27H,1.8	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	3.3 V	3.1 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	3.6 V
PT7748A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	METAL	17 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel	SINGLE	R-MSMA-T27		Not Qualified	12 V	11 V			14 V
PT7704N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	750 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	18 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE	BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V			5.5 V
PT7706N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	750 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	18 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	3.3 V	3.1 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	3.6 V
PT7716N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	METAL	20 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-MSMA-T27		Not Qualified	3.3 V	3.1 V			3.6 V
PT7701C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	YES	750 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	15 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP27H,1.4	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	55 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V			5.5 V
PT7775N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	32 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5.5 V
PT6944N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5.5 V
PT6946N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	5 V	3.1 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5.5 V
PT7702A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	750 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	15 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	55 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V			5.5 V
PT7714C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	YES	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	20 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G27	3	Not Qualified	3.3 V	3.1 V			3.6 V
PT7671C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	YES	350 kHz	METAL	30 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP27H,1.4	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-MSMA-G27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5.5 V
PT7701N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	750 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	15 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27	Switching Regulator or Controllers		55 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5.5 V
PT7705C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	27	RECTANGULAR	YES	750 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	18 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP27H,1.4	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5.5 V
PT7756A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	15 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27H,1.8	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	24 V	20 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	28 V
PT7779A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	32 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27H,1.4	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5.5 V
PT7714N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	20 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27	1	Not Qualified	3.3 V	3.1 V			3.6 V
PT7703A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	750 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	15 A	1		THROUGH-HOLE	BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				55 Cel		0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V			5.5 V
PT6946A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	5 V	3.1 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5.5 V
PT7681N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	350 kHz	METAL	30 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-MSMA-T27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5.5 V
PT7706A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	750 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	18 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27H,1.4	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	3.3 V	3.1 V			3.6 V
PT6943C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	YES	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	6 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP27H,1.0	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5.5 V
PT7771A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	750 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	32 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27H,1.4	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5.5 V
PT7779N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	32 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5.5 V
PT7703C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	750 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	15 A	1		UNSPECIFIED	BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				55 Cel		0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-X27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V			5.5 V
PT7709N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	METAL	20 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-MSMA-T27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5.5 V
PT7778C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	YES	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	32 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP27H,1.8	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G27		Not Qualified	3.3 V	3.1 V			3.6 V
PT7713C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	YES	400 kHz	METAL	20 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-MSMA-G27		Not Qualified	3.3 V	3.1 V			3.6 V
PT6943N	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	6 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27	Switching Regulator or Controllers		85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5.5 V
PT7712A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	METAL	20 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-MSMA-T27	1	Not Qualified	3.3 V	3.1 V			3.6 V
PT7704C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	27	RECTANGULAR	YES	750 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	18 A	1		GULL WING	BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V			5.5 V
PT7711A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	METAL	20 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27H,1.4	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-MSMA-T27	1	Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V		215	5.5 V
PT7778A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	32 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27H,1.8	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	3.3 V	3.1 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	3.6 V
PT7715C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	YES	400 kHz	METAL	20 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-MSMA-G27	3	Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V			5.5 V
PT7707C	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	YES	750 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	18 A	1	HYBRID	GULL WING	BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP27H,1.4	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	65 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G27		Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5.5 V
PT7715A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	METAL	20 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel		-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-MSMA-T27	1	Not Qualified	5 V	4.5 V			5.5 V
PT7751A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	15 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27H,1.8	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	0 Cel	SINGLE	R-XSMA-T27		Not Qualified	24 V	20 V	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	28 V
PT7708A	Texas Instruments	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	27	RECTANGULAR	NO	400 kHz	METAL	20 A	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE	SINGLE	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP27H,1.4	Switching Regulator or Controllers	2.54 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-40 Cel	SINGLE	R-MSMA-T27		Not Qualified	3.3 V	3.1 V			3.6 V

Switching Regulators & Controllers

Switching regulators and controllers are electronic devices used to regulate the output voltage and current of power supplies. They operate by rapidly switching a power supply circuit between on and off states, resulting in a high-frequency waveform that can be filtered and smoothed to produce a stable output voltage.

Switching regulators and controllers offer several advantages over traditional linear regulators, including higher efficiency and the ability to handle a wider range of input voltages. They are commonly used in applications such as power supplies for computers, LED lighting, and motor control.

Switching regulators and controllers come in a variety of forms, including step-up (boost), step-down (buck), and step-up/down (buck-boost) configurations. They may be designed as integrated circuits (ICs) or as standalone modules.

Switching regulators and controllers typically include feedback control circuits to adjust the output voltage and current, as well as protection circuits to prevent overvoltage, overcurrent, and overtemperature conditions. They may also include features such as soft-start to reduce inrush currents and synchronization with external clock signals.