5 Switching Regulators & Controllers 2,400+

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Part	Manufacturer	Other IC type	Temperature Grade	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Surface Mount	Maximum Switching Frequency	Package Body Material	Maximum Supply Current (Isup)	Maximum Output Current	No. of Functions	Technology	Screening Level	Terminal Form	Control Technique	Nominal Supply Voltage (Vsup)	Switcher Config	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Control Mode	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Terminal Position	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Maximum Seated Height	Width (mm)	Qualification	Nominal Input Voltage	Additional Features	Minimum Input Voltage	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length	Nominal Output Voltage	Maximum Input Voltage
LTC3406ES5-1.5#TR	Analog Devices	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	5	VSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	1800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1.25 A	1			GULL WING			BUCK	SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.95 mm	70 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	0 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	DUAL	R-PDSO-G5	1	1 mm	1.625 mm	Not Qualified	3.6 V		2.5 V	e0			2.9 mm		5.5 V
LTC1517ES5-5#TRPBF	Analog Devices	SWITCHED CAPACITOR CONVERTER	INDUSTRIAL	5	LSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		PLASTIC/EPOXY			1	CMOS		GULL WING			DOUBLER INVERTER	SMALL OUTLINE, LOW PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.95 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	R-PDSO-G5	1	1.45 mm	1.6 mm	Not Qualified	3 V		2.7 V	e3	30	260	2.9 mm		5 V
LT1931ES5#TR	Analog Devices	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	5	VSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	1600 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		2 A	1			GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION		BUCK-BOOST	SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.95 mm	70 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	0 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	DUAL	R-PDSO-G5	1	1 mm	1.625 mm	Not Qualified	3 V		2.6 V	e0			2.9 mm		16 V
LTC1981ES5#PBF	Analog Devices	SWITCHED CAPACITOR REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	5	LSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	600 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY			1			GULL WING			TRIPLER	SMALL OUTLINE, LOW PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.95 mm	85 Cel		-40 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed	DUAL	R-PDSO-G5	1	1.45 mm	1.625 mm	Not Qualified	5 V		1.8 V	e3	30	260	2.95 mm		5.5 V
LTC3406ES5-1.8#TR	Analog Devices	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	5	VSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	1800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1.25 A	1			GULL WING			BUCK	SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.95 mm	70 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	0 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	DUAL	R-PDSO-G5	1	1 mm	1.625 mm	Not Qualified	3.6 V		2.5 V	e0	20	235	2.9 mm		5.5 V
LTC3406ABES5#TRM	Analog Devices	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL EXTENDED	5	VSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	1800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1.3 A	1			GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION		BUCK	SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.95 mm	85 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	0 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	DUAL	R-PDSO-G5	1	1 mm	1.625 mm	Not Qualified	3.6 V		2.5 V	e0			2.9 mm		5.5 V
LT1931IS5#TR	Analog Devices	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	5	VSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	1600 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		2 A	1			GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION		BUCK-BOOST	SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.95 mm	85 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	R-PDSO-G5	1	1 mm	1.625 mm	Not Qualified	3 V		2.6 V	e0	20	235	2.9 mm		16 V
LTC3564ES5#PBF	Analog Devices	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	5	VSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	2700 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		2.5 A	1			GULL WING			BUCK	SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.95 mm	125 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	0 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed	DUAL	R-PDSO-G5	1	1 mm	1.625 mm	Not Qualified	3.6 V		2.5 V	e3	30	260	2.9 mm		5.5 V
LT1082CQ#TR	Analog Devices			5			YES	75 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1 A		BIPOLAR							SMSIP5H,.54,67TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.7 mm		CURRENT-MODE		Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	SINGLE					Not Qualified				e0
LT1271CQ#PBF	Analog Devices	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	5	TO-263	RECTANGULAR	YES	70 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	10 mA	4 A	1	BIPOLAR		GULL WING			BUCK-BOOST	SMALL OUTLINE	SMSIP5H,.6,67TB		1.7 mm	100 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	0 Cel	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	SINGLE	R-PSSO-G5	1	4.572 mm	8.89 mm	Not Qualified	15 V		3.5 V	e3	30	260	10.2235 mm	1.244 V	30 V
LT1076HVIT#PBF	Analog Devices	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	5	TO-220	RECTANGULAR	NO	125 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	12 mA	3.2 A	1	BIPOLAR		THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION		BUCK	FLANGE MOUNT				85 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	ZIG-ZAG	R-PZFM-T5	1			Not Qualified	25 V		8 V	e3	30	245		2.21 V	60 V
LTC1517CS5-3.3#TRPBF	Analog Devices	SWITCHED CAPACITOR REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	5	LSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY			1	CMOS		GULL WING			DOUBLER INVERTER	SMALL OUTLINE, LOW PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.95 mm	70 Cel		0 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	R-PDSO-G5	1	1.45 mm	1.625 mm	Not Qualified			2 V	e3			2.9 mm		4.4 V
LT1082CQ#TRPBF	Analog Devices			5			YES	75 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1 A		BIPOLAR							SMSIP5H,.54,67TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.7 mm		CURRENT-MODE		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	SINGLE		1			Not Qualified				e3	30	260
LT1268CT#PBF	Analog Devices	SWITCHING REGULATOR		5	TO-220	RECTANGULAR	NO	150 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	10 mA	7.5 A	1	BIPOLAR		THROUGH-HOLE			BOOST	FLANGE MOUNT					CURRENT-MODE		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	ZIG-ZAG	R-PZFM-T5	1			Not Qualified	15 V		3 V	e3	30	260		1.244 V	30 V
LTC3406ES5-1.8#PBF	Analog Devices	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	5	VSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	1800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1.25 A	1			GULL WING			BUCK	SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.95 mm	70 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	0 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed	DUAL	R-PDSO-G5	1	1 mm	1.625 mm	Not Qualified	3.6 V		2.5 V	e3	30	260	2.9 mm		5.5 V
LT8301ES5#WTRMPBF	Analog Devices	SWITCHING REGULATOR	AUTOMOTIVE	5	VSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	430 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1.55 A	1		AEC-Q100	GULL WING		5 V	BUCK-BOOST	SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH	TSOP5/6,.11,37		.95 mm	125 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	-40 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed	DUAL	R-PDSO-G5		1 mm	1.625 mm		5 V		2.7 V	e3			2.9 mm		42 V
LTC1517CS5-3.3#TR	Analog Devices	SWITCHED CAPACITOR REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	5	LSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	700 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY			1	CMOS		GULL WING			DOUBLER INVERTER	SMALL OUTLINE, LOW PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.95 mm	70 Cel		0 Cel	TIN LEAD	DUAL	R-PDSO-G5	1	1.45 mm	1.625 mm	Not Qualified			2 V	e0			2.9 mm		4.4 V
LTC3406ES5-1.2#TRPBF	Analog Devices	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL	5	VSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	1800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1.3 A	1			GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION		BUCK	SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.95 mm	70 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	0 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	R-PDSO-G5	1	1 mm	1.625 mm	Not Qualified	3.6 V		2.5 V	e3	30	260	2.9 mm		5.5 V
LTC3406ABES5-2#TRMPBF	Analog Devices	SWITCHING REGULATOR	COMMERCIAL EXTENDED	5	VSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	2700 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1.3 A	1			GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION		BUCK	SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.95 mm	85 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	0 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	R-PDSO-G5	1	1 mm	1.625 mm	Not Qualified	3.6 V		2.5 V	e3	30	260	2.9 mm		5.5 V
LTC1701ES5#PBF	Analog Devices	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	5	LSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	1000 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1.1 A	1	CMOS		GULL WING	CONSTANT OFF TIME		BUCK	SMALL OUTLINE, LOW PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.95 mm	85 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	R-PDSO-G5	1	1.45 mm	1.625 mm	Not Qualified	3.3 V		2.5 V	e3	30	260	2.95 mm		5.5 V
LT1071CT#06PBF	Analog Devices			5	ZIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	47 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		2.5 A		BIPOLAR		THROUGH-HOLE				IN-LINE	ZIP5,.15,.2,67TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.7 mm		CURRENT-MODE		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	ZIG-ZAG	R-PZIP-T5				Not Qualified				e3	30	260
FS6S1265REYDTU	Onsemi	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	5		RECTANGULAR	NO		UNSPECIFIED		8.96 A	1			THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			FLANGE MOUNT				85 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	-25 Cel		ZIG-ZAG	R-XZFM-T5					16 V		10 V						30 V
LA5774MP-DL-E	Onsemi		OTHER	5			YES	192 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY											SMSIP5H,.6,67TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.7 mm	125 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-30 Cel	TIN BISMUTH	SINGLE		1			Not Qualified				e6	30	260
TN5D51	Onsemi		OTHER	5	ZIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	180 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		5 A				THROUGH-HOLE				IN-LINE	ZIP5,.2,.1,100/50TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.27 mm	125 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-25 Cel		ZIG-ZAG	R-PZIP-T5				Not Qualified
LA5756	Onsemi	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	5		RECTANGULAR	NO	100 kHz	UNSPECIFIED		3.5 A	1			THROUGH-HOLE			BUCK	FLANGE MOUNT				125 Cel		-30 Cel		ZIG-ZAG	R-XZFM-T5					15 V		4.5 V					3.3 V	32 V
TN7D51	Onsemi	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	5		RECTANGULAR	NO	180 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		7 A	1			THROUGH-HOLE			BUCK	FLANGE MOUNT				85 Cel		-10 Cel		ZIG-ZAG	R-PZFM-T5				Not Qualified	30 V		20 V						48 V
TN5D51A	Onsemi		OTHER	5	ZIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	180 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		5 A				THROUGH-HOLE				IN-LINE	ZIP5,.2,.1,100/50TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.27 mm	125 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-25 Cel		ZIG-ZAG	R-PZIP-T5				Not Qualified
CS-3972TH5	Onsemi		AUTOMOTIVE	5	ZIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	47 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1.25 A		BIPOLAR		THROUGH-HOLE				IN-LINE	ZIP5H,.15,.7,67TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.7 mm	125 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	-40 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	ZIG-ZAG	R-PZIP-T5				Not Qualified				e0
LA5779-HJ-E	Onsemi		OTHER	5	ZIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	192 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY						THROUGH-HOLE				IN-LINE	ZIP5,.15,.17,67TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.7 mm	125 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-30 Cel	Tin/Bismuth (Sn/Bi)	ZIG-ZAG	R-PZIP-T5				Not Qualified				e6
LA5774MC-BE	Onsemi	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	5			YES	192 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY											SMSIP5H,.6,67TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.7 mm	125 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-30 Cel	TIN BISMUTH	SINGLE		1			Not Qualified				e6	30	260
TN8Q02	Onsemi		OTHER	5				210 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY										MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	MODULE,5LEAD,.3	Switching Regulator or Controllers		125 Cel		-25 Cel							Not Qualified
TN5D01A-HCC11-E	Onsemi		OTHER	5	ZIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	180 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		5 A				THROUGH-HOLE				IN-LINE	ZIP5,.15,.1,100/50TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.27 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-10 Cel	Tin/Bismuth (Sn/Bi)	ZIG-ZAG	R-PZIP-T5				Not Qualified				e6
LA5779MP-DL-E	Onsemi		OTHER	5			YES	192 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		3 A									SMSIP5H,.54,67TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.7 mm	125 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-30 Cel	TIN BISMUTH	SINGLE		1			Not Qualified				e6	30	260
LA5779MP	Onsemi	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	5		RECTANGULAR	YES	192 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		3 A	1			GULL WING			BUCK	SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG			1.7 mm	125 Cel		-30 Cel		SINGLE	R-PSSO-G5		4.7 mm	8.8 mm		15 V		4.5 V				10 mm	3.3 V	28 V
LA5744MP-E	Onsemi		OTHER	5			YES	360 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1.5 A									SMSIP5H,.6,67TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.7 mm	125 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-30 Cel	TIN BISMUTH	SINGLE		1			Not Qualified				e6	30	260
KA1H0680B-TU	Onsemi	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	5	TO-3	RECTANGULAR	NO	110 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	18 mA	4.48 A	1			THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION	14 V		FLANGE MOUNT	SIP5,.1,150/100TB			85 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	-25 Cel		SINGLE	R-PSFM-T5
CS3972YTHA5	Onsemi		AUTOMOTIVE	5	ZIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	47 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1.25 A		BIPOLAR		THROUGH-HOLE				IN-LINE	ZIP5H,.15,.7,67TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.7 mm	125 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	-40 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	ZIG-ZAG	R-PZIP-T5				Not Qualified				e0
KA1M0680B-YDTU	Onsemi	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	5	TO-3	RECTANGULAR	NO	73 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	18 mA	4.48 A	1			THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION	14 V		FLANGE MOUNT	ZIP5,.2,.1,150/100TB			85 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	-25 Cel		SINGLE	R-PZFM-T5
CS-3972T5	Onsemi		AUTOMOTIVE	5			NO	47 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1.25 A		BIPOLAR							SIP5,.1,67TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.7 mm	125 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	-40 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	SINGLE					Not Qualified				e0
NCP9001SNT1G	Onsemi	SWITCHING REGULATOR	INDUSTRIAL	5	TSSOP	RECTANGULAR	YES	1800 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1.2 A	1			GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION		BUCK	SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH			.95 mm	85 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	DUAL	R-PDSO-G5		1.1 mm	1.5 mm	Not Qualified	3.6 V	CAN ALSO OPERATE ON PFM MODE	2.7 V	e3			3 mm		5.5 V
KA1H0680RFB-TU	Onsemi	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	5	TO-3	RECTANGULAR	NO	110 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY	18 mA	4.48 A	1			THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION	14 V		FLANGE MOUNT	SIP5,.15,150/100FL			85 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	-25 Cel		SINGLE	R-PSFM-T5
LA5744MP-DL-E	Onsemi		OTHER	5			YES	360 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1.5 A									SMSIP5H,.6,67TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.7 mm	125 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-30 Cel	TIN BISMUTH	SINGLE		1			Not Qualified				e6	30	260
FS6S1265RETU	Onsemi	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	5		RECTANGULAR	NO		UNSPECIFIED		8.96 A	1			THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			FLANGE MOUNT				85 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	-25 Cel		SINGLE	R-XSFM-T5					16 V		10 V						30 V
TN8D51A	Onsemi		OTHER	5	ZIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	180 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		8 A				THROUGH-HOLE				IN-LINE	ZIP5,.15,.1,100/50TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.27 mm	85 Cel	VOLTAGE-MODE	-10 Cel		ZIG-ZAG	R-PZIP-T5				Not Qualified
FS7M0680YDTU	Onsemi	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	5		RECTANGULAR	NO		UNSPECIFIED		4.48 A	1			THROUGH-HOLE	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION			FLANGE MOUNT				85 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	-25 Cel		ZIG-ZAG	R-XZFM-T5					14 V		10 V
LA5774MP	Onsemi	SWITCHING REGULATOR	OTHER	5		RECTANGULAR	YES	192 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		3 A	1			GULL WING	PULSE WIDTH MODULATION		BUCK	SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG			1.7 mm	125 Cel		-30 Cel		SINGLE	R-PSSO-G5		4.7 mm	8.8 mm		15 V	SEATED HGT-NOM	4.5 V				10 mm	3.3 V	28 V
CS3972YTVA5	Onsemi		AUTOMOTIVE	5	ZIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	47 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1.25 A		BIPOLAR		THROUGH-HOLE				IN-LINE	ZIP5,.15,.2,67TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.7 mm	125 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	-40 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	ZIG-ZAG	R-PZIP-T5				Not Qualified				e0
CS-3972TV5	Onsemi		AUTOMOTIVE	5	ZIP	RECTANGULAR	NO	47 kHz	PLASTIC/EPOXY		1.25 A		BIPOLAR		THROUGH-HOLE				IN-LINE	ZIP5,.15,.2,67TB	Switching Regulator or Controllers	1.7 mm	125 Cel	CURRENT-MODE	-40 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	ZIG-ZAG	R-PZIP-T5				Not Qualified				e0

Switching Regulators & Controllers

Switching regulators and controllers are electronic devices used to regulate the output voltage and current of power supplies. They operate by rapidly switching a power supply circuit between on and off states, resulting in a high-frequency waveform that can be filtered and smoothed to produce a stable output voltage.

Switching regulators and controllers offer several advantages over traditional linear regulators, including higher efficiency and the ability to handle a wider range of input voltages. They are commonly used in applications such as power supplies for computers, LED lighting, and motor control.

Switching regulators and controllers come in a variety of forms, including step-up (boost), step-down (buck), and step-up/down (buck-boost) configurations. They may be designed as integrated circuits (ICs) or as standalone modules.

Switching regulators and controllers typically include feedback control circuits to adjust the output voltage and current, as well as protection circuits to prevent overvoltage, overcurrent, and overtemperature conditions. They may also include features such as soft-start to reduce inrush currents and synchronization with external clock signals.