TSOP Voltage References 748

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Other IC type Temperature Grade No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Surface Mount Total Dose (V) Package Body Material Maximum Supply Current (Isup) Maximum Output Current Trim or Adjustable Output (V) No. of Functions Technology Screening Level Nominal Bandwidth Terminal Form Main Out Ripple Voltage Maximum Negative Supply Voltage (Vsup) Nominal Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Voltage Tolerance Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Sub-Category Terminal Pitch Maximum Operating Temperature Minimum Output Voltage Minimum Operating Temperature Max Voltage Temp Coef Terminal Finish Maximum Output Voltage Terminal Position JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Seated Height Width (mm) Qualification Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Additional Features Minimum Negative Supply Voltage (Vsup) JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) No. of Outputs Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Length Nominal Output Voltage

ZXRE125CFTC

Diodes Incorporated

TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

INDUSTRIAL

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

.95 mm

85 Cel

1.214 V

-40 Cel

90 ppm/Cel

1.226 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1.1 mm

1.3 mm

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

1

NOT SPECIFIED

2.86 mm

1.22 V

ZRC250F02TC

Diodes Incorporated

TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

INDUSTRIAL

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

BIPOLAR

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

.95 mm

85 Cel

2.45 V

-40 Cel

90 ppm/Cel

2.55 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1.1 mm

1.3 mm

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

1

NOT SPECIFIED

2.86 mm

2.5 V

ZXRE1004EFTC

Diodes Incorporated

TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

INDUSTRIAL

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

.95 mm

85 Cel

1.196 V

-40 Cel

75 ppm/Cel

1.244 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1.1 mm

1.3 mm

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

1

NOT SPECIFIED

2.86 mm

1.22 V

AP431QA

Diodes Incorporated

OTHER

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

.25 A

BIPOLAR

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

2.5 V

-20 Cel

36 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

AP432IAQLA

Diodes Incorporated

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

.25 A

BIPOLAR

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

1.24 V

20 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

260

AP431IHANTR-G1

Diodes Incorporated

TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

GULL WING

.5 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TO-236

.95 mm

125 Cel

2.483 V

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

2.507 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1.2 mm

1.3 mm

OUTPUT VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE FROM 2.495V TO 36V

e3

1

2.9 mm

2.495 V

LM4040B41QFTA

Diodes Incorporated

TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

.015 A

NO

1

AEC-Q100

GULL WING

.2 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TO-236

.915 mm

125 Cel

4.0878 V

-40 Cel

100 ppm/Cel

MATTE TIN

4.101 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1.1 mm

1.3 mm

e3

1

260

2.9 mm

4.096 V

AP432QL

Diodes Incorporated

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

.25 A

BIPOLAR

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

1.24 V

20 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

260

AP431AQ

Diodes Incorporated

OTHER

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

.25 A

BIPOLAR

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

2.5 V

-20 Cel

36 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

AP431AQL

Diodes Incorporated

OTHER

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

.25 A

BIPOLAR

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

2.5 V

-20 Cel

36 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

260

ZRC330F02TC

Diodes Incorporated

TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

INDUSTRIAL

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

BIPOLAR

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

.95 mm

85 Cel

3.234 V

-40 Cel

50 ppm/Cel

3.366 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1.1 mm

1.3 mm

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

1

NOT SPECIFIED

2.86 mm

3.3 V

AZ431LBK

Diodes Incorporated

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

.1 A

BIPOLAR

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

1.24 V

18 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

ZRC250F01TC

Diodes Incorporated

TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

INDUSTRIAL

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

BIPOLAR

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

.95 mm

85 Cel

2.475 V

-40 Cel

90 ppm/Cel

MATTE TIN

2.525 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1

1.1 mm

1.3 mm

Not Qualified

e3

30

1

260

2.86 mm

2.5 V

ZXRE125FF

Diodes Incorporated

TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

INDUSTRIAL

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

.95 mm

85 Cel

1.183 V

-40 Cel

90 ppm/Cel

MATTE TIN

1.257 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1

1.1 mm

1.3 mm

Not Qualified

e3

1

260

2.86 mm

1.22 V

AP432IQ

Diodes Incorporated

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

.25 A

BIPOLAR

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

1.24 V

20 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

AZ431LAK

Diodes Incorporated

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

.1 A

BIPOLAR

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

1.24 V

18 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

AP431IQLA

Diodes Incorporated

INDUSTRIAL

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

.25 A

BIPOLAR

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

2.5 V

-40 Cel

36 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

260

AP432AQL

Diodes Incorporated

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

.25 A

BIPOLAR

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

1.24 V

20 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

260

AP432AQA

Diodes Incorporated

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

.25 A

BIPOLAR

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

1.24 V

20 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

AZ431BK-A

Diodes Incorporated

AUTOMOTIVE

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

.1 A

BIPOLAR

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

125 Cel

2.5 V

-40 Cel

36 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

AP431IAN1TR-G1

Diodes Incorporated

TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

GULL WING

.5 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TO-236

.95 mm

125 Cel

2.487 V

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

2.512 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1.2 mm

1.3 mm

ADJUSTABLE OUTPUT VOLTAGE FROM 2.5 TO 36 V

e3

1

2.9 mm

2.5 V

V62/09648-06YB

Maxim Integrated

INDUSTRIAL

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BICMOS

GULL WING

.15 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

30 ppm/Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

5 V

V62/09648-01YB

Maxim Integrated

INDUSTRIAL

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BICMOS

GULL WING

.15 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

30 ppm/Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

2.048 V

V62/09648-03YB

Maxim Integrated

INDUSTRIAL

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BICMOS

GULL WING

.15 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

30 ppm/Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

3 V

V62/09648-02YB

Maxim Integrated

INDUSTRIAL

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BICMOS

GULL WING

.15 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

30 ppm/Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

2.5 V

MAX8515AEZK

Maxim Integrated

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

.02 A

BICMOS

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

.2 V

18 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

MAX8515EZK

Maxim Integrated

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

.02 A

BICMOS

GULL WING

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

.2 V

18 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

V62/09648-05YB

Maxim Integrated

INDUSTRIAL

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BICMOS

GULL WING

.15 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

30 ppm/Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

4.096 V

V62/09648-04YB

Maxim Integrated

INDUSTRIAL

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BICMOS

GULL WING

.15 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

30 ppm/Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

Not Qualified

3.3 V

MAX6037BAUKADJ

Maxim Integrated

AUTOMOTIVE

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

BICMOS

GULL WING

.3 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

125 Cel

1.184 V

-40 Cel

50 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

5 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

1

Not Qualified

e0

LM4041BIX3-1.2

Maxim Integrated

TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

INDUSTRIAL

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

BICMOS

GULL WING

.2 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSSOP3/6,.08

Voltage References

.65 mm

85 Cel

1.2226 V

-40 Cel

100 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

1.2275 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

Not Qualified

e0

1

245

2 mm

1.225 V

MAX6037BAUKADJ+

Maxim Integrated

AUTOMOTIVE

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

BICMOS

GULL WING

.3 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

125 Cel

1.184 V

-40 Cel

50 ppm/Cel

MATTE TIN

5 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

1

Not Qualified

e3

30

260

MAX6008AEUR-T

Maxim Integrated

TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

INDUSTRIAL

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BICMOS

GULL WING

.2 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TO-236

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

2.495 V

-40 Cel

30 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

2.505 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1

1.12 mm

1.3 mm

Not Qualified

e0

1

245

2.92 mm

2.5 V

MAX6064BEUR-T

Maxim Integrated

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

INDUSTRIAL

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

BICMOS

GULL WING

5 V

.4 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TO-236

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

4.08 V

-40 Cel

30 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

4.112 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1

12.6 V

1.12 mm

1.3 mm

Not Qualified

4.296 V

e0

1

2.92 mm

4.096 V

MAX6050BEUR-T

Maxim Integrated

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

INDUSTRIAL

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

GULL WING

5 V

.4 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TO-236

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

4.98 V

-40 Cel

30 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

5.02 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1

12.6 V

1.12 mm

1.3 mm

Not Qualified

5.2 V

e0

1

2.92 mm

5 V

MAX6037BAUK41

Maxim Integrated

AUTOMOTIVE

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BICMOS

GULL WING

.3 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

125 Cel

-40 Cel

50 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

1

Not Qualified

e0

4.096 V

MAX6037AAUK25

Maxim Integrated

AUTOMOTIVE

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BICMOS

GULL WING

.2 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

125 Cel

-40 Cel

25 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

1

Not Qualified

e0

2.5 V

MAX6012BEUR-T

Maxim Integrated

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

INDUSTRIAL

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

BIPOLAR

GULL WING

5 V

.48 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TO-236

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

1.241 V

-40 Cel

30 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

1.253 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1

12.6 V

1.12 mm

1.3 mm

Not Qualified

2.5 V

e0

1

245

2.92 mm

1.247 V

MAX6041AEUR-T

Maxim Integrated

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

INDUSTRIAL

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

GULL WING

5 V

.2 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TO-236

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

4.088 V

-40 Cel

20 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

4.104 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1

12.6 V

1.12 mm

1.3 mm

Not Qualified

4.296 V

e0

1

245

2.92 mm

4.096 V

MAX6037CAUK25

Maxim Integrated

AUTOMOTIVE

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BICMOS

GULL WING

.5 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

125 Cel

-40 Cel

50 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

1

Not Qualified

e0

2.5 V

MAX6065BEUR-T

Maxim Integrated

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

INDUSTRIAL

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

BICMOS

GULL WING

5.2 V

.4 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TO-236

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

4.98 V

-40 Cel

30 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

5.02 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1

12.6 V

1.12 mm

1.3 mm

Not Qualified

5.2 V

e0

1

2.92 mm

5 V

MAX6068BEUR-T

Maxim Integrated

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

INDUSTRIAL

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

BICMOS

GULL WING

5 V

.39 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TO-236

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

1.793 V

-40 Cel

30 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

1.807 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1

12.6 V

1.12 mm

1.3 mm

Not Qualified

2.5 V

e0

1

2.92 mm

1.8 V

MAX6125EUR

Maxim Integrated

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

INDUSTRIAL

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

GULL WING

2.7 V

2 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TO-236

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

2.45 V

-40 Cel

50 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

2.55 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1

12.6 V

1.12 mm

1.3 mm

Not Qualified

2.7 V

e0

1

245

2.92 mm

2.5 V

MAX6034AEXR30-T

Maxim Integrated

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

INDUSTRIAL

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

BICMOS

GULL WING

5 V

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

.65 mm

85 Cel

2.994 V

-40 Cel

30 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

3.006 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1

5.5 V

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

Not Qualified

3.2 V

e0

1

2 mm

3 V

MAX6018BEUR21-T

Maxim Integrated

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

INDUSTRIAL

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

BICMOS

GULL WING

2.25 V

.4 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TO-236

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

2.0398 V

-40 Cel

50 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

2.0562 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1

5.5 V

1.12 mm

1.3 mm

Not Qualified

2.25 V

e0

1

245

2.92 mm

2.048 V

MAX6037BAUK33

Maxim Integrated

AUTOMOTIVE

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BICMOS

GULL WING

.3 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

125 Cel

-40 Cel

50 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

1

Not Qualified

e0

3.3 V

MAX6045BEUR-T

Maxim Integrated

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

INDUSTRIAL

3

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

GULL WING

5 V

.4 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TO-236

Voltage References

.95 mm

85 Cel

4.482 V

-40 Cel

30 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

4.518 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G3

1

12.6 V

1.12 mm

1.3 mm

Not Qualified

4.7 V

e0

1

2.92 mm

4.5 V

MAX6037AAUK41+

Maxim Integrated

AUTOMOTIVE

5

TSOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BICMOS

GULL WING

.2 %

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Voltage References

.95 mm

125 Cel

-40 Cel

25 ppm/Cel

MATTE TIN

DUAL

R-PDSO-G5

1

Not Qualified

e3

30

260

4.096 V

Voltage References

Voltage references are electronic devices used to provide a stable, precise voltage output that is independent of changes in temperature, load, or input voltage. They are used in a wide range of electronic applications, including instrumentation, data acquisition systems, and power supplies.

Voltage references are typically designed to output a fixed voltage value, such as 2.5V or 5V, and can be based on various technologies, including zener diodes, bandgap references, and temperature-compensated voltage references.

Zener diode-based voltage references work by using the reverse breakdown voltage of a zener diode to generate a stable reference voltage. Bandgap references use the voltage difference between two junctions in a bipolar transistor to generate a stable voltage reference. Temperature-compensated voltage references use a combination of circuit elements to compensate for temperature changes and provide a stable voltage output.

Voltage references typically have a high level of accuracy and low drift over time, making them suitable for use in precision applications. They may also include features such as low power consumption, low noise, and short-circuit protection.