MILITARY Voltage References 1,258

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Other IC type Temperature Grade No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Surface Mount Total Dose (V) Package Body Material Maximum Supply Current (Isup) Maximum Output Current Trim or Adjustable Output (V) No. of Functions Technology Screening Level Nominal Bandwidth Terminal Form Main Out Ripple Voltage Maximum Negative Supply Voltage (Vsup) Nominal Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Voltage Tolerance Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Sub-Category Terminal Pitch Maximum Operating Temperature Minimum Output Voltage Minimum Operating Temperature Max Voltage Temp Coef Terminal Finish Maximum Output Voltage Terminal Position JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Seated Height Width (mm) Qualification Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Additional Features Minimum Negative Supply Voltage (Vsup) JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) No. of Outputs Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Length Nominal Output Voltage

8503001YX

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

THROUGH-HOLE

15 V

IN-LINE

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

9 ppm/Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

16.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

13.5 V

1

20.065 mm

10 V

ADREF01AQ/883B

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

1

BIPOLAR

MIL-STD-883 Class B

THROUGH-HOLE

15 V

.3 %

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Voltage References

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

8.5 ppm/Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-CDIP-T8

36 V

Not Qualified

13.5 V

e0

1

10 V

ADREF01AQ

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

4 mA

YES

1

BIPOLAR

THROUGH-HOLE

.3 %

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Voltage References

2.54 mm

125 Cel

9.97 V

-55 Cel

8.5 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

10.03 V

DUAL

R-GDIP-T8

36 V

Not Qualified

13.5 V

e0

1

10 V

M38510/14802SXX

Analog Devices

TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

3

ROUND

NO

METAL

YES

1

WIRE

CYLINDRICAL

125 Cel

2.49 V

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

2.51 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W3

36 V

Not Qualified

e0

1

2.5 V

RH129AH

Analog Devices

TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

2

ROUND

NO

METAL

NO

1

WIRE

CYLINDRICAL

125 Cel

6.7 V

-55 Cel

10 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

7.2 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W2

1

e0

20

1

245

6.9 V

RH1021BMH-10

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

TO-5

ROUND

NO

METAL

1.7 mA

YES

1

WIRE

CYLINDRICAL

125 Cel

9.935 V

-55 Cel

10 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

10.065 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W8

40 V

Not Qualified

11.5 V

e0

1

10 V

8503003YC

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

HYBRID

THROUGH-HOLE

15 V

.1 %

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Voltage References

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

9 ppm/Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

16.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

13.5 V

ADDITIONAL NOMINAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF -10V IS AVAILABLE

1

20.065 mm

10 V

RH129AMH

Analog Devices

TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

2

TO-46

ROUND

NO

METAL

NO

1

WIRE

15 V

CYLINDRICAL

125 Cel

6.7 V

-55 Cel

20 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

7.2 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W2

Not Qualified

e0

1

6.9 V

RH1021DMH-7

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

ROUND

NO

METAL

1.2 mA

NO

1

WIRE

12 V

CYLINDRICAL

CAN8

125 Cel

6.95 V

-55 Cel

28 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

7.05 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W8

40 V

Not Qualified

8.5 V

e0

1

7 V

RH1021BMH-5

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

TO-5

ROUND

NO

METAL

1.2 mA

YES

1

WIRE

CYLINDRICAL

125 Cel

4.935 V

-55 Cel

10 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

5.065 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W8

40 V

Not Qualified

7.2 V

e0

1

5 V

AD2702SD/883B

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

10 mA

YES

1

HYBRID

MIL-STD-883 Class B

THROUGH-HOLE

-16.5 V

.1 %

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Voltage References

2.54 mm

125 Cel

9.995 V

-55 Cel

5 ppm/Cel

GOLD

10.005 V

DUAL

R-CDIP-T14

16.5 V

Not Qualified

13.5 V

-13.5 V

e4

2

10 V

AD2700U/883B

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

YES

1

MIL-STD-883 Class B

THROUGH-HOLE

IN-LINE

2.54 mm

125 Cel

9.9975 V

-55 Cel

3 ppm/Cel

10.0025 V

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

18 V

Not Qualified

13 V

1

22.2 mm

10 V

RH1021BMH-10#PBF

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

TO-5

ROUND

NO

METAL

1.7 mA

YES

1

WIRE

CYLINDRICAL

125 Cel

9.935 V

-55 Cel

10 ppm/Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

10.065 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W8

40 V

Not Qualified

11.5 V

e3

1

10 V

RH1021BMH-7#TR

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

ROUND

NO

METAL

1.2 mA

NO

1

WIRE

12 V

CYLINDRICAL

CAN8

125 Cel

6.95 V

-55 Cel

12 ppm/Cel

7.05 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W8

40 V

8.5 V

1

7 V

8503003YA

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

HYBRID

THROUGH-HOLE

15 V

.1 %

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Voltage References

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

9 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

1

16.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Qualified

13.5 V

ADDITIONAL NOMINAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF -10V IS AVAILABLE

e0

1

20.065 mm

10 V

RH1021CMH-5

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

TO-5

ROUND

NO

METAL

1.2 mA

YES

1

WIRE

CYLINDRICAL

125 Cel

4.984 V

-55 Cel

25 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

5.016 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W8

40 V

Not Qualified

7.2 V

e0

1

5 V

LT581XH

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

3

BCY

ROUND

NO

METAL

NO

1

WIRE

1 %

CYLINDRICAL

200 Cel

9.9 V

-55 Cel

150 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

10.1 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W3

e0

1

10 V

M38510/12409SGX

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

ROUND

NO

METAL

YES

1

WIRE

15 V

CYLINDRICAL

125 Cel

9.946 V

-55 Cel

5 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

10.054 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W8

40 V

Not Qualified

11.5 V

e0

1

10 V

AD2700SD/883B

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

10 mA

YES

1

HYBRID

MIL-STD-883 Class B

THROUGH-HOLE

.08 %

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Voltage References

2.54 mm

125 Cel

9.995 V

-55 Cel

3 ppm/Cel

GOLD

10.005 V

DUAL

R-CDIP-T14

16.5 V

Not Qualified

13.5 V

e4

1

10 V

RH1021BM-5H

Analog Devices

MILITARY

8

ROUND

METAL

NO

BIPOLAR

MIL-STD-883 Class S (Modified)

WIRE

1 %

CYLINDRICAL

CAN8,.23

Voltage References

125 Cel

-55 Cel

5 ppm/Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W8

Not Qualified

e0

5 V

RH1009H

Analog Devices

TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

3

ROUND

NO

METAL

NO

1

WIRE

CYLINDRICAL

125 Cel

-55 Cel

888 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W3

Not Qualified

e0

1

LT580TH

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

3

BCY

ROUND

NO

METAL

1.5 mA

.01 A

NO

1

BIPOLAR

THROUGH-HOLE

15 V

.4 %

CYLINDRICAL

CAN3/4,.1

125 Cel

2.49 V

-55 Cel

25 ppm/Cel

2.51 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W3

30 V

4.5 V

1

2.5 V

LT580XH#PBF

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

3

ROUND

NO

METAL

NO

1

WIRE

CYLINDRICAL

125 Cel

2.49 V

-55 Cel

10 ppm/Cel

2.51 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W3

1

Not Qualified

30

1

245

2.5 V

RH1021DMH-5

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

TO-5

ROUND

NO

METAL

1.2 mA

YES

1

WIRE

CYLINDRICAL

125 Cel

4.935 V

-55 Cel

25 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

5.065 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W8

40 V

Not Qualified

7.2 V

e0

1

5 V

8503002YC

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

HYBRID

THROUGH-HOLE

15 V

.055 %

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Voltage References

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

9 ppm/Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

16.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

13.5 V

1

20.065 mm

10 V

8503005YA

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

HYBRID

MIL-STD-883

THROUGH-HOLE

15 V

.1 %

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Voltage References

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

9 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

16.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

13.5 V

e0

1

20.065 mm

-10 V

ADREF01Q/883B

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

1

BIPOLAR

MIL-STD-883 Class B

THROUGH-HOLE

15 V

.5 %

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Voltage References

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

25 ppm/Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-CDIP-T8

36 V

Not Qualified

13.5 V

e0

1

10 V

RH1021DMH-7#TR

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

ROUND

NO

METAL

1.2 mA

NO

1

WIRE

12 V

CYLINDRICAL

CAN8

125 Cel

6.95 V

-55 Cel

28 ppm/Cel

7.05 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W8

40 V

8.5 V

1

7 V

8503003YX

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

THROUGH-HOLE

15 V

IN-LINE

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

9 ppm/Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

16.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Qualified

13.5 V

ADDITIONAL NOMINAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF -10V IS AVAILABLE

1

20.065 mm

10 V

RH1021CMW-10

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

10

DFP

RECTANGULAR

YES

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

YES

1

FLAT

FLATPACK

1.27 mm

125 Cel

9.98 V

-55 Cel

25 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

10.02 V

DUAL

R-GDFP-F10

40 V

2.29 mm

6.3 mm

Not Qualified

11.5 V

e0

1

10 V

8503001YA

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

HYBRID

THROUGH-HOLE

15 V

.08 %

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Voltage References

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

9 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

1

16.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

13.5 V

e0

1

20.065 mm

10 V

M38510/12802BGA

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

ROUND

NO

METAL

YES

1

BIPOLAR

MIL-PRF-38535 Class B

WIRE

15 V

.19 %

CYLINDRICAL

CAN8,.2

Voltage References

125 Cel

9.99 V

-55 Cel

38 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

10.01 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W8

30 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

e0

1

10 V

LH1031BCH

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

3

TO-39

ROUND

NO

METAL

5 mA

10 A

NO

1

BIPOLAR

WIRE

15 V

CYLINDRICAL

CAN3/4,.2

125 Cel

9.995 V

-55 Cel

5 ppm/Cel

10.005 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W3

40 V

11.4 V

1

10 V

AD2701UD/883B

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

10 mA

YES

1

HYBRID

MIL-STD-883 Class B

THROUGH-HOLE

-16.5 V

.06 %

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Voltage References

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-9.9975 V

-55 Cel

3 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

-10.0025 V

DUAL

R-CDIP-T14

16.5 V

Not Qualified

13.5 V

-13.5 V

e0

1

10 V

8503001YC

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

HYBRID

THROUGH-HOLE

15 V

.08 %

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Voltage References

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

9 ppm/Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

16.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

13.5 V

1

20.065 mm

10 V

V62/11602-02XE

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

SOP

RECTANGULAR

YES

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

MIL-STD-883

GULL WING

8 V

.04 %

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP8,.25

Voltage References

1.27 mm

125 Cel

4.998 V

-55 Cel

3 ppm/Cel

5.002 V

DUAL

R-PDSO-G8

18 V

1.75 mm

3.9 mm

7 V

1

4.9 mm

5 V

8503004YA

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

HYBRID

THROUGH-HOLE

15 V

.055 %

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Voltage References

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

9 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

1

16.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Qualified

13.5 V

ADDITIONAL NOMINAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF -10V IS AVAILABLE

e0

1

20.065 mm

10 V

RH1021CMW-10#PBF

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

10

DFP

RECTANGULAR

YES

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

YES

1

FLAT

FLATPACK

1.27 mm

125 Cel

9.98 V

-55 Cel

25 ppm/Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

10.02 V

DUAL

R-GDFP-F10

40 V

2.29 mm

6.3 mm

Not Qualified

11.5 V

e3

1

10 V

LH1031DMH

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

3

TO-39

ROUND

NO

METAL

5 mA

10 A

NO

1

BIPOLAR

WIRE

15 V

CYLINDRICAL

CAN3/4,.2

125 Cel

9.98 V

-55 Cel

25 ppm/Cel

10.02 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W3

40 V

11.4 V

1

10 V

8503002YX

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

THROUGH-HOLE

15 V

IN-LINE

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

9 ppm/Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

16.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

13.5 V

1

20.065 mm

10 V

8551401PA

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

NO

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

2 mA

YES

1

BIPOLAR

MIL-STD-883

THROUGH-HOLE

15 V

.4 %

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Voltage References

2.54 mm

125 Cel

4.985 V

-55 Cel

8.5 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

5.015 V

DUAL

R-GDIP-T8

33 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Qualified

8 V

OUTPUT VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE +/-3%

e0

1

5 V

RH1021CMW-5

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

10

DFP

RECTANGULAR

YES

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

YES

1

FLAT

FLATPACK

1.27 mm

125 Cel

4.984 V

-55 Cel

25 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

5.016 V

DUAL

R-GDFP-F10

40 V

2.29 mm

6.3 mm

Not Qualified

7.2 V

e0

1

5 V

RH1021CMH-10

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

TO-5

ROUND

NO

METAL

1.7 mA

YES

1

WIRE

CYLINDRICAL

125 Cel

9.98 V

-55 Cel

25 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

10.02 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W8

40 V

Not Qualified

11.5 V

e0

1

10 V

RH1021BM-10H

Analog Devices

MILITARY

8

ROUND

METAL

NO

BIPOLAR

MIL-STD-883 Class S (Modified)

WIRE

.65 %

CYLINDRICAL

CAN8,.23

Voltage References

125 Cel

-55 Cel

10 ppm/Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W8

Not Qualified

e0

10 V

M38510/12801BGA

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

ROUND

NO

METAL

YES

1

MIL-PRF-38535 Class B

WIRE

15 V

CYLINDRICAL

125 Cel

9.97 V

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

10.03 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W8

30 V

Qualified

4.5 V

e0

1

10 V

RH1021BMH-7#PBF

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

TO-5

ROUND

NO

METAL

1 mA

NO

1

WIRE

CYLINDRICAL

125 Cel

6.93 V

-55 Cel

12 ppm/Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

7.07 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W8

40 V

Not Qualified

8.5 V

e3

1

7 V

RH1021BMH-7

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

8

ROUND

NO

METAL

1.2 mA

NO

1

WIRE

12 V

CYLINDRICAL

CAN8

125 Cel

6.95 V

-55 Cel

12 ppm/Cel

TIN LEAD

7.05 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W8

40 V

Not Qualified

8.5 V

e0

1

7 V

LT580SH

Analog Devices

THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE

MILITARY

3

BCY

ROUND

NO

METAL

1.5 mA

.01 A

NO

1

BIPOLAR

THROUGH-HOLE

15 V

1 %

CYLINDRICAL

CAN3/4,.1

125 Cel

2.475 V

-55 Cel

55 ppm/Cel

2.525 V

BOTTOM

O-MBCY-W3

30 V

4.5 V

1

2.5 V

Voltage References

Voltage references are electronic devices used to provide a stable, precise voltage output that is independent of changes in temperature, load, or input voltage. They are used in a wide range of electronic applications, including instrumentation, data acquisition systems, and power supplies.

Voltage references are typically designed to output a fixed voltage value, such as 2.5V or 5V, and can be based on various technologies, including zener diodes, bandgap references, and temperature-compensated voltage references.

Zener diode-based voltage references work by using the reverse breakdown voltage of a zener diode to generate a stable reference voltage. Bandgap references use the voltage difference between two junctions in a bipolar transistor to generate a stable voltage reference. Temperature-compensated voltage references use a combination of circuit elements to compensate for temperature changes and provide a stable voltage output.

Voltage references typically have a high level of accuracy and low drift over time, making them suitable for use in precision applications. They may also include features such as low power consumption, low noise, and short-circuit protection.