BUS CONTROLLER, PCI Bus Controllers 920

Reset All

Part	Manufacturer	Peripheral IC Type	Temperature Grade	Terminal Form	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Package Body Material	Surface Mount	Maximum Supply Voltage	Screening Level	Address Bus Width	Power Supplies (V)	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Minimum Supply Voltage	Maximum Operating Temperature	Maximum Data Transfer Rate	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Terminal Position	Maximum Seated Height	Width	External Data Bus Width	Maximum Clock Frequency	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length	Technology	Maximum Supply Current	Nominal Supply Voltage	Sub-Category	Bus Compatibility	Terminal Pitch	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Qualification	Drive Interface Standard	JESD-609 Code
PI7C9X2G304EVAQ2ZXAEX	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	136		SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES		AEC-Q100; TS 16949				LCC136(UNSPEC)		105 Cel		-40 Cel		QUAD								CMOS		3.3 V		I2C; SMBUS		S-XQCC-N136
PI7C9X7952FDEX	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	128	LFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2 V				FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH	QFP128,.63SQ,16	1.6 V	85 Cel	312.5 MBps	-40 Cel		QUAD	1.6 mm	14 mm		60 MHz			14 mm	CMOS		1.8 V		SMBUS; UART	.4 mm	S-PQFP-G128
PI7C9X2G606PRCNJEX	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI
PI7C8150BNDIE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	256	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32	3.3	GRID ARRAY	BGA256,16X16,40	3 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM	1.76 mm	17 mm	32	66 MHz			17 mm	CMOS	510 mA	3.3 V	Bus Controllers		1 mm	S-PBGA-B256	3	Not Qualified		e1
PI7C8150BNDE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	OTHER	BALL	256	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32	3.3	GRID ARRAY	BGA256,16X16,40	3 V	85 Cel		0 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM	1.76 mm	17 mm	32	66 MHz			17 mm	CMOS	510 mA	3.3 V	Bus Controllers		1 mm	S-PBGA-B256	3	Not Qualified		e1
PI7C9X110BNB	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	160	LFBGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2 V		16	1.8,3.3	GRID ARRAY, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH	BGA160,14X14,32	1.6 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	BOTTOM	1.4 mm	12 mm	0	100 MHz			12 mm	CMOS		1.8 V	Bus Controllers	PCI	.8 mm	S-PBGA-B160		Not Qualified		e0
PI7C9X20404GPNB	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	148	LFBGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1.1 V		0		GRID ARRAY		.9 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel		BOTTOM	1.58 mm	12 mm	0	100 MHz			12 mm	CMOS		1 V		PCI	.8 mm	S-PBGA-B148		Not Qualified	IEEE 1149.6; IEEE 1149.1
PI7C9X130NDE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	256	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2 V		64		GRID ARRAY	BGA256,16X16,40	1.6 V	85 Cel	312.5 MBps	-40 Cel		BOTTOM	1.76 mm	17 mm	64	133 MHz	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	17 mm	CMOS		1.8 V		I2C; PCI; SMBUS; VGA	1 mm	S-PBGA-B256
PI7C9X112SLFDE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	128	HLFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1.1 V		32		FLATPACK, HEAT SINK/SLUG, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH		.9 V	85 Cel	298 MBps	-40 Cel		QUAD	1.6 mm	14 mm	32	66 MHz	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	14 mm	CMOS		1 V		PCI; I2C	.4 mm	S-PQFP-G128		Not Qualified	IEEE 1149.1
PI7C8150BNDI	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	256	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32	3.3	GRID ARRAY	BGA256,16X16,40	3 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	BOTTOM	1.76 mm	17 mm	32	66 MHz			17 mm	CMOS	510 mA	3.3 V	Bus Controllers		1 mm	S-PBGA-B256	3	Not Qualified		e0
PI7C9X7958XNBEX	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	160	LFBGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2 V		0		GRID ARRAY, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH		1.6 V	85 Cel	1.875 MBps	-40 Cel		BOTTOM	1.58 mm	12 mm	0				12 mm	CMOS		1.8 V		UART	.8 mm	S-PBGA-B160
PI7C8152AMAE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	OTHER	GULL WING	160	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32		FLATPACK		3 V	85 Cel		0 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	4.1 mm	28 mm	32	66 MHz			28 mm	CMOS		3.3 V			.65 mm	S-PQFP-G160	3	Not Qualified		e3
PI7C8150BND	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	OTHER	BALL	256	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32	3.3	GRID ARRAY	BGA256,16X16,40	3 V	85 Cel		0 Cel	TIN LEAD	BOTTOM	1.76 mm	17 mm	32	66 MHz			17 mm	CMOS	510 mA	3.3 V	Bus Controllers		1 mm	S-PBGA-B256	1	Not Qualified		e0
PI7C8150BNDE-33	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	OTHER	BALL	256	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32		GRID ARRAY		3 V	85 Cel		0 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM	1.76 mm	17 mm	32	33 MHz			17 mm	CMOS		3.3 V			1 mm	S-PBGA-B256	3	Not Qualified		e1
PI7C9X2G606PRBNJE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI
PI7C8952FAEX	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	100	TFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32		FLATPACK, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH	QFP100,.63SQ,20	3 V	85 Cel	1.875 MBps	-40 Cel		QUAD	1.2 mm	14 mm	32	50 MHz			14 mm	CMOS		3.3 V		VGA	.5 mm	S-PQFP-G100			RS232; RS422; RS485
PI7C8154BNAE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	OTHER	BALL	304	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32	3.3	GRID ARRAY	BGA304,23X23,50	3 V	85 Cel		0 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM	2.53 mm	31 mm	32	66 MHz			31 mm	CMOS	417 mA	3.3 V	Bus Controllers		1.27 mm	S-PBGA-B304	3	Not Qualified		e1
PI7C8148BNJ	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	OTHER	BALL	160	LBGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32		GRID ARRAY, LOW PROFILE	BGA160,14X14,40	3 V	85 Cel		0 Cel		BOTTOM	1.4 mm	15 mm	32				15 mm	CMOS		3.3 V		VGA	1 mm	S-PBGA-B160
PI7C8150NDE-33	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	OTHER	BALL	256	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32		GRID ARRAY		3 V	85 Cel		0 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM	1.76 mm	17 mm	32	33 MHz			17 mm	CMOS		3.3 V			1 mm	S-PBGA-B256	3	Not Qualified		e1
PI7C9X7958XNBE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	160	LFBGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2 V		0		GRID ARRAY, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH		1.6 V	85 Cel	1.875 MBps	-40 Cel		BOTTOM	1.58 mm	12 mm	0	60 MHz			12 mm	CMOS		1.8 V		UART	.8 mm	S-PBGA-B160			RS232; RS422; RS485
PI7C9X7958NBE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	160	LFBGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2 V		0		GRID ARRAY, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH		1.6 V	85 Cel	1.875 MBps	-40 Cel		BOTTOM	1.58 mm	12 mm	0	60 MHz	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	12 mm	CMOS		1.8 V		UART	.8 mm	S-PBGA-B160			RS232; RS422; RS485
PI7C8150ANDE-33	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	OTHER	BALL	256	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32		GRID ARRAY		3 V	85 Cel		0 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM	1.76 mm	17 mm	32	33 MHz			17 mm	CMOS		3.3 V			1 mm	S-PBGA-B256	3	Not Qualified		e1
PI7C9X20508GPNDE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	256	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1.1 V		0		GRID ARRAY		.9 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel		BOTTOM	1.76 mm	17 mm	0	100 MHz	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	17 mm	CMOS		1 V		PCI	1 mm	S-PBGA-B256		Not Qualified	IEEE 1149.6; IEEE 1149.1
PI7C9X7954FDE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	128	LFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2 V		0		FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH		1.6 V	85 Cel	1.875 MBps	-40 Cel		QUAD	1.6 mm	14 mm	0	60 MHz			14 mm	CMOS		1.8 V		UART	.4 mm	S-PQFP-G128			RS232; RS422; RS485
PI7C9X2G308GPBNJEX	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI		BALL	196	LBGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1.1 V		0		GRID ARRAY, LOW PROFILE	BGA196,14X14,40	.95 V	85 Cel	625 MBps	-40 Cel		BOTTOM	1.5 mm	15 mm	0	100 MHz			15 mm	CMOS		1 V		I2C, PCI, SMBUS	1 mm	S-PBGA-B196
PI7C9X20303SLFD	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	128	LFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1.1 V		0		FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH	QFP128,.63SQ,16	.9 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel		QUAD	1.6 mm	14 mm	0	100 MHz			14 mm	CMOS		1 V		PCI, SMBUS	.4 mm	S-PQFP-G128		Not Qualified
PI7C7300DNAE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	272	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32	3.3	GRID ARRAY	BGA272,20X20,50	3 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel		BOTTOM	3.5 mm	27 mm	32	66 MHz	NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	27 mm	CMOS		3.3 V	Bus Controllers	PCI; ISA; VGA	1.27 mm	S-PBGA-B272		Not Qualified	IEEE 1149.1
PI7C8150BNDI-33E	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	256	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32		GRID ARRAY		3 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM	1.76 mm	17 mm	32	33 MHz			17 mm	CMOS		3.3 V			1 mm	S-PBGA-B256	3	Not Qualified		e1
PI7C8154BNA-80E	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	OTHER	BALL	304	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32		GRID ARRAY		3 V	85 Cel		0 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM	2.53 mm	31 mm	32	80 MHz			31 mm	CMOS		3.3 V			1.27 mm	S-PBGA-B304	3	Not Qualified		e1
PI7C9X2G304ELZXAEX	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	136	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1.1 V		0		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE		.9 V	85 Cel	625 MBps	-40 Cel		QUAD	.85 mm	10 mm	0		NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	10 mm	CMOS		1 V		I2C; ISA; SMBUS; VGA	.5 mm	S-XQCC-N136
PI7C9X7952FD	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	128	LFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2 V		0		FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH		1.6 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel		QUAD	1.6 mm	14 mm	0	60 MHz			14 mm	CMOS		1.8 V		PCI	.4 mm	S-PQFP-G128
PI7C9X2G606PRCNJE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI
PI7C9X7952XFDE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	128	LFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2 V		0		FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH		1.6 V	85 Cel	312.5 MBps	-40 Cel		QUAD	1.6 mm	14 mm	0	60 MHz			14 mm	CMOS		1.8 V		UART; VGA	.4 mm	S-PQFP-G128			RS232; RS422; RS485
PI7C9X2G404ELZXAEX	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	BUTT	136	HVBCC	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1.1 V		0		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE		.95 V	85 Cel	625 MBps	-40 Cel		BOTTOM	.85 mm	10 mm	0		10	260	10 mm	CMOS		1 V		PCI; SMBUS	.5 mm	S-XBCC-B136	3
PI7C9X20303ULZPX	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	BUTT	132	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1.1 V		0		CHIP CARRIER		.9 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel		BOTTOM	1 mm	10 mm	0	100 MHz			10 mm	CMOS		1 V		PCI	.5 mm	S-PBCC-B132		Not Qualified	IEEE 1149.6; IEEE 1149.1
PI7C9X20404SLCFDE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	128	LFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1.1 V		0		FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH		.9 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	1.6 mm	14 mm	0	100 MHz			14 mm	CMOS		1 V			.4 mm	S-PQFP-G128	3	Not Qualified	IEEE 1149.1	e3
PI7C8150AMAE-33	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	OTHER	GULL WING	208	FQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32		FLATPACK, FINE PITCH		3 V	85 Cel		0 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	3.8 mm	28 mm	32	33 MHz			28 mm	CMOS		3.3 V			.5 mm	S-PQFP-G208	3	Not Qualified		e3
PI7C9X2G312GPBNJEX	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	196	LBGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1.1 V		0		GRID ARRAY, LOW PROFILE		.95 V	85 Cel	625 MBps	-40 Cel		BOTTOM	1.5 mm	15 mm	0		NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	15 mm	CMOS		1 V		I2C; SMBUS	1 mm	S-PBGA-B196
PI7C8152BMAE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	OTHER	GULL WING	160	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32		FLATPACK		3 V	85 Cel		0 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	4.1 mm	28 mm	32	66 MHz			28 mm	CMOS		3.3 V			.65 mm	S-PQFP-G160	3	Not Qualified		e3
PI7C8154ANA-33E	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	OTHER	BALL	304	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32		GRID ARRAY		3 V	85 Cel		0 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM	2.53 mm	31 mm	32	33 MHz			31 mm	CMOS		3.3 V			1.27 mm	S-PBGA-B304	3	Not Qualified		e1
PI7C8140AMAE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	COMMERCIAL EXTENDED	GULL WING	128	FQFP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32	3.3	FLATPACK, FINE PITCH	QFP128,.67X.91,20	3 V	85 Cel		0 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	3.4 mm	14 mm	32	66 MHz			20 mm	CMOS		3.3 V	Bus Controllers	PCI	.5 mm	R-PQFP-G128	3	Not Qualified		e3
PI7C9X20508GPND	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	256	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1.1 V		0		GRID ARRAY		.9 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel		BOTTOM	1.76 mm	17 mm	0	100 MHz			17 mm	CMOS		1 V		PCI	1 mm	S-PBGA-B256		Not Qualified	IEEE 1149.6; IEEE 1149.1
PI7C8154ANAE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	OTHER	BALL	304	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32	3.3	GRID ARRAY	BGA304,23X23,50	3 V	85 Cel		0 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM	2.53 mm	31 mm	32	66 MHz			31 mm	CMOS		3.3 V	Bus Controllers		1.27 mm	S-PBGA-B304	3	Not Qualified		e1
PI7C8150BMA-33E	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	OTHER	GULL WING	208	FQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32		FLATPACK, FINE PITCH		3 V	85 Cel		0 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	3.8 mm	28 mm	32	33 MHz			28 mm	CMOS		3.3 V			.5 mm	S-PQFP-G208	3	Not Qualified		e3
PI7C9X20303ULZP	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	BUTT	132	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1.1 V		0		CHIP CARRIER		.9 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel		BOTTOM	1 mm	10 mm	0	100 MHz			10 mm	CMOS		1 V		PCI	.5 mm	S-PBCC-B132		Not Qualified	IEEE 1149.6; IEEE 1149.1
PI7C8150BND-33E	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	OTHER	BALL	256	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32		GRID ARRAY		3 V	85 Cel		0 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM	1.76 mm	17 mm	32	33 MHz			17 mm	CMOS		3.3 V			1 mm	S-PBGA-B256	3	Not Qualified		e1
PI7C9X7958NBEX	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	160	LFBGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2 V		0		GRID ARRAY, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH		1.6 V	85 Cel	1.875 MBps	-40 Cel		BOTTOM	1.58 mm	12 mm	0				12 mm	CMOS		1.8 V		UART	.8 mm	S-PBGA-B160
PI7C8148BNJE	Diodes Incorporated	BUS CONTROLLER, PCI	OTHER	BALL	160	LBGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		32	3.3	GRID ARRAY, LOW PROFILE	BGA160,14X14,40	3 V	85 Cel		0 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	BOTTOM	1.4 mm	15 mm	32				15 mm	CMOS		3.3 V	Bus Controllers	VGA	1 mm	S-PBGA-B160	3	Not Qualified		e1

Bus Controllers

Bus controllers are integrated circuits that are used to manage and control the flow of data and control signals between different devices in a computer system. They are commonly used in systems that have multiple buses, such as a memory bus and an I/O bus. Bus controllers ensure that data is transferred efficiently and correctly between different devices in the system.

One of the primary functions of a bus controller is to manage bus arbitration. Bus arbitration is the process of resolving conflicts that occur when two or more devices on the bus attempt to access the bus at the same time. Bus controllers use various algorithms to determine which device has priority access to the bus and when other devices can access it.

Another important function of bus controllers is to manage the transfer of data and control signals between devices on the bus. This involves controlling the timing and synchronization of signals, as well as error detection and correction. Bus controllers also manage other aspects of the bus, such as interrupt handling and power management.