100 Display Controllers 85

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Peripheral IC Type Temperature Grade Terminal Form No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Package Body Material Surface Mount Maximum Supply Voltage Screening Level Address Bus Width DAC Channels Bit Size Power Supplies (V) Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Minimum Supply Voltage Maximum Operating Temperature Minimum Operating Temperature Terminal Finish ADC Channels Terminal Position DMA Channels Display Config Maximum Seated Height Width Additional Features External Data Bus Width Maximum Clock Frequency Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Length Technology Maximum Supply Current Nominal Supply Voltage PWM Channels Sub-Category Bus Compatibility Terminal Pitch JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Qualification Speed JESD-609 Code No. of I/O Lines

S1D13781F00A100

Seiko Epson

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, DOT MATRIX LCD DISPLAY

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

100

LFQFP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1.65 V

19

FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH

1.35 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

QUAD

800 X 480 PIXELS

1.7 mm

14 mm

480 X 272 PIXELS

16

66 MHz

14 mm

CMOS

1.5 V

.5 mm

S-PQFP-G100

S1D13706F00A200

Seiko Epson

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, CRT OR FLAT PANEL GRAPHICS DISPLAY

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

100

TFQFP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

3.6 V

17

FLATPACK, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH

3 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

QUAD

320 X 240 PIXELS

1.2 mm

14 mm

OPERATES AT 2V SUPPLY @ 40 MHZ

16

100 MHz

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

14 mm

CMOS

3.3 V

SH-3; SH-4; 68XXX; 68EZ328; 68VZ328

.5 mm

S-PQFP-G100

SSD1906QT2

Solomon Systech

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, CRT OR FLAT PANEL GRAPHICS DISPLAY

OTHER

GULL WING

100

TFQFP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

3.6 V

18

16

FLATPACK, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH

TQFP100,.63SQ

3 V

85 Cel

-30 Cel

QUAD

1.2 mm

14 mm

16

66 MHz

14 mm

CMOS

3.3 V

.5 mm

S-PQFP-G100

TFP7443PZP

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

3.3

FLATPACK

TQFP100,.63SQ

70 Cel

0 Cel

QUAD

3.3 V

Display Controllers

.5 mm

S-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

TFP7453PZP

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

3.3

FLATPACK

TQFP100,.63SQ

70 Cel

0 Cel

QUAD

3.3 V

Display Controllers

.5 mm

S-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

TFP7433PZP

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

3.3

FLATPACK

TQFP100,.63SQ

70 Cel

0 Cel

QUAD

3.3 V

Display Controllers

.5 mm

S-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

TFP7423PZP

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

3.3

FLATPACK

TQFP100,.63SQ

70 Cel

0 Cel

QUAD

3.3 V

Display Controllers

.5 mm

S-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

ADV7152LS135

Analog Devices

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, PALETTE DAC

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

0

FLATPACK

4.75 V

70 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

3.4 mm

14 mm

10

135 MHz

20 mm

CMOS

5 V

.65 mm

R-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

e0

ADV7152LS85

Analog Devices

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, PALETTE DAC

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

0

FLATPACK

4.75 V

70 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

3.4 mm

14 mm

10

85 MHz

20 mm

CMOS

5 V

.65 mm

R-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

e0

ADV7151LS85

Analog Devices

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, PALETTE DAC

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

0

FLATPACK

4.75 V

70 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

3.4 mm

14 mm

10

85 MHz

20 mm

CMOS

5 V

.65 mm

R-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

e0

ADV7151LS110

Analog Devices

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, PALETTE DAC

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

0

FLATPACK

4.75 V

70 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

3.4 mm

14 mm

10

110 MHz

20 mm

CMOS

5 V

.65 mm

R-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

e0

ADV7151LS135

Analog Devices

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, PALETTE DAC

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

0

FLATPACK

4.75 V

70 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

3.4 mm

14 mm

10

135 MHz

20 mm

CMOS

5 V

.65 mm

R-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

e0

ADV7152LS220

Analog Devices

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, PALETTE DAC

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

0

FLATPACK

4.75 V

70 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

3.4 mm

14 mm

10

220 MHz

20 mm

CMOS

5 V

.65 mm

R-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

e0

ADV7152LS170

Analog Devices

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, PALETTE DAC

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

0

FLATPACK

4.75 V

70 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

3.4 mm

14 mm

10

170 MHz

20 mm

CMOS

5 V

.65 mm

R-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

e0

ADV7151LS170

Analog Devices

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, PALETTE DAC

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

0

FLATPACK

4.75 V

70 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

3.4 mm

14 mm

10

170 MHz

20 mm

CMOS

5 V

.65 mm

R-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

e0

ADV7152LS110

Analog Devices

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, PALETTE DAC

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

0

FLATPACK

4.75 V

70 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

3.4 mm

14 mm

10

110 MHz

20 mm

CMOS

5 V

.65 mm

R-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

e0

ADV7151LS220

Analog Devices

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, PALETTE DAC

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

0

FLATPACK

4.75 V

70 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

3.4 mm

14 mm

10

220 MHz

20 mm

CMOS

5 V

.65 mm

R-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

e0

LC74736PT-E

Onsemi

GRAPHICS PROCESSOR

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

3.3

FLATPACK

TQFP100,.63SQ

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN BISMUTH

QUAD

30

260

CMOS

3.3 V

Display Controllers

.5 mm

S-PQFP-G100

3

Not Qualified

e6

LC11011-141

Onsemi

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

3.3/5

FLATPACK

QFP100,.7X.9

70 Cel

0 Cel

QUAD

CMOS

45 mA

Display Controllers

.635 mm

R-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

LC74736PT

Onsemi

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, CRT CHARACTER OR GRAPHICS DISPLAY

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

100

TFQFP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

3.6 V

20

FLATPACK, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH

TQFP100,.63SQ

3 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

QUAD

24 x 32 DOT CHARACTER

1.2 mm

14 mm

24 X 32 DOT GRAPHICS ALSO AVAILABLE

16

40 MHz

14 mm

CMOS

25 mA

3.3 V

.5 mm

S-PQFP-G100

LC75810T

Onsemi

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, DOT MATRIX LCD DRIVER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

100

TFQFP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

6 V

0

FLATPACK, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH

2.7 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

QUAD

10 X 80 DOTS

1.2 mm

14 mm

0

.6 MHz

14 mm

CMOS

5 V

.5 mm

S-PQFP-G100

LC75810E

Onsemi

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, DOT MATRIX LCD DRIVER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

6 V

0

FLATPACK

2.7 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

QUAD

10 X 80 DOTS

3 mm

14 mm

0

.6 MHz

20 mm

CMOS

5 V

.65 mm

R-PQFP-G100

IMSG335X-10S

STMicroelectronics

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, CRT GRAPHICS DISPLAY

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

10

FLATPACK

4.75 V

QUAD

1280 X 1024 PIXELS

3.4 mm

14 mm

24

20 mm

MOS

325 mA

5 V

.65 mm

R-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

IMSG335X-11S

STMicroelectronics

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, CRT GRAPHICS DISPLAY

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

10

5

FLATPACK

QFP100,.7X.9

4.75 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

1280 X 1024 PIXELS

3.4 mm

14 mm

24

20 mm

MOS

335 mA

5 V

Display Controllers

.65 mm

R-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

e0

IMSG332F-11S

STMicroelectronics

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, CRT GRAPHICS DISPLAY

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

24

FLATPACK

QUAD

1280 X 1024 PIXELS

3.4 mm

14 mm

24

20 mm

MOS

5 V

.65 mm

R-CQFP-G100

Not Qualified

GMZAN3SL

STMicroelectronics

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1.8,3.3

FLATPACK

QFP100,.7X.9

70 Cel

0 Cel

QUAD

161 mA

Display Controllers

.635 mm

R-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

STG1732X-13

STMicroelectronics

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, PALETTE DAC

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

8

FLATPACK

4.75 V

70 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

3.4 mm

14 mm

8

135 MHz

20 mm

CMOS

5 V

VESA

.65 mm

R-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

e0

IMSG332F-10S

STMicroelectronics

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, CRT GRAPHICS DISPLAY

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

24

FLATPACK

QUAD

1280 X 1024 PIXELS

3.4 mm

14 mm

24

20 mm

MOS

5 V

.65 mm

R-CQFP-G100

Not Qualified

GMZAN3XL

STMicroelectronics

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1.8,3.3

FLATPACK

QFP100,.7X.9

70 Cel

0 Cel

QUAD

161 mA

Display Controllers

.635 mm

R-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

IMSG300F-10C

STMicroelectronics

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, CRT GRAPHICS DISPLAY

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

24

5

FLATPACK

QFP100,.7X.9

70 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

1280 X 1024 PIXELS

3.4 mm

14 mm

24

20 mm

MOS

400 mA

5 V

Display Controllers

.65 mm

R-CQFP-G100

Not Qualified

e0

IMSG335X-85S

STMicroelectronics

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, CRT GRAPHICS DISPLAY

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

10

5

FLATPACK

QFP100,.7X.9

4.75 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

1280 X 1024 PIXELS

3.4 mm

14 mm

24

20 mm

MOS

305 mA

5 V

Display Controllers

.65 mm

R-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

e0

IMSG300F-85C

STMicroelectronics

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, CRT GRAPHICS DISPLAY

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

24

5

FLATPACK

QFP100,.7X.9

70 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

1280 X 1024 PIXELS

3.4 mm

14 mm

24

20 mm

MOS

400 mA

5 V

Display Controllers

.65 mm

R-CQFP-G100

Not Qualified

e0

IMSG300F-11C

STMicroelectronics

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, CRT GRAPHICS DISPLAY

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

24

5

FLATPACK

QFP100,.7X.9

70 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

1280 X 1024 PIXELS

3.4 mm

14 mm

24

20 mm

MOS

400 mA

5 V

Display Controllers

.65 mm

R-CQFP-G100

Not Qualified

e0

IMSG332F-85S

STMicroelectronics

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, CRT GRAPHICS DISPLAY

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

24

5

FLATPACK

QFP100,.7X.9

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

1280 X 1024 PIXELS

3.4 mm

14 mm

24

20 mm

MOS

5 V

Display Controllers

.65 mm

R-CQFP-G100

Not Qualified

e0

IMSG335X-13S

STMicroelectronics

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, CRT GRAPHICS DISPLAY

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

100

QFP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

10

5

FLATPACK

QFP100,.7X.9

4.75 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

1280 X 1024 PIXELS

3.4 mm

14 mm

24

20 mm

MOS

360 mA

5 V

Display Controllers

.65 mm

R-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

e0

PCF2113AU

NXP Semiconductors

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, DOT MATRIX LCD DRIVER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

100

DIE

UNSPECIFIED

UNSPECIFIED

YES

5.5 V

1

UNCASED CHIP

1.8 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

UPPER

18 X 60 DOTS

8

2 MHz

CMOS

.4 mA

5 V

I2C; 84C81A; P80CL410; P80CL51

X-XUUC-N100

Not Qualified

PCF2113DU/10/F2

NXP Semiconductors

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, DOT MATRIX LCD DRIVER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

100

DIE

UNSPECIFIED

UNSPECIFIED

YES

5.5 V

1

UNCASED CHIP

1.8 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

UPPER

18 X 60 DOTS

8

.4 MHz

CMOS

.4 mA

3.3 V

I2C

X-XUUC-N100

Not Qualified

PCF2113EU/10

NXP Semiconductors

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, DOT MATRIX LCD DRIVER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

100

DIE

UNSPECIFIED

UNSPECIFIED

YES

5.5 V

1

UNCASED CHIP

1.8 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

UPPER

18 X 60 DOTS

8

2 MHz

CMOS

.4 mA

5 V

I2C; 84C81A; P80CL410; P80CL51

X-XUUC-N100

Not Qualified

PCF2113EU

NXP Semiconductors

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, DOT MATRIX LCD DRIVER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

100

DIE

UNSPECIFIED

UNSPECIFIED

YES

5.5 V

1

UNCASED CHIP

1.8 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

UPPER

18 X 60 DOTS

8

2 MHz

CMOS

.4 mA

5 V

I2C; 84C81A; P80CL410; P80CL51

X-XUUC-N100

Not Qualified

PCF2113AH

NXP Semiconductors

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, DOT MATRIX LCD DRIVER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

100

LFQFP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.5 V

1

FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH

1.8 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

QUAD

18 X 60 DOTS

1.6 mm

14 mm

8

2 MHz

14 mm

CMOS

.4 mA

5 V

I2C; 84C81A; P80CL410; P80CL51

.5 mm

S-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

PCF2113DU/F2

NXP Semiconductors

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, DOT MATRIX LCD DRIVER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

100

DIE

UNSPECIFIED

UNSPECIFIED

YES

5.5 V

1

UNCASED CHIP

1.8 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

UPPER

18 X 60 DOTS

8

2 MHz

CMOS

.4 mA

5 V

I2C

X-XUUC-N100

Not Qualified

PCF2113AU/10

NXP Semiconductors

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, DOT MATRIX LCD DRIVER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

100

DIE

UNSPECIFIED

UNSPECIFIED

YES

5.5 V

1

UNCASED CHIP

1.8 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

UPPER

18 X 60 DOTS

8

2 MHz

CMOS

.4 mA

5 V

I2C

X-XUUC-N100

Not Qualified

PCF2113DU/10

NXP Semiconductors

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, DOT MATRIX LCD DRIVER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

100

DIE

UNSPECIFIED

UNSPECIFIED

YES

5.5 V

1

UNCASED CHIP

1.8 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

UPPER

18 X 60 DOTS

8

2 MHz

CMOS

.4 mA

5 V

I2C

X-XUUC-N100

Not Qualified

PCF2113DH/F2

NXP Semiconductors

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, DOT MATRIX LCD DRIVER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

100

LFQFP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.5 V

1

FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH

1.8 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

QUAD

18 X 60 DOTS

1.6 mm

14 mm

8

2 MHz

14 mm

CMOS

.4 mA

5 V

I2C

.5 mm

S-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

PCF2113EU/2

NXP Semiconductors

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, DOT MATRIX LCD DRIVER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

100

DIE

UNSPECIFIED

UNSPECIFIED

YES

5.5 V

1

UNCASED CHIP

1.8 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

UPPER

18 X 60 DOTS

8

2 MHz

CMOS

.4 mA

5 V

I2C; 84C81A; P80CL410; P80CL51

X-XUUC-N100

Not Qualified

PCF2113DU

NXP Semiconductors

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, DOT MATRIX LCD DRIVER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

100

DIE

UNSPECIFIED

UNSPECIFIED

YES

5.5 V

1

UNCASED CHIP

1.8 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

UPPER

18 X 60 DOTS

8

2 MHz

CMOS

.4 mA

5 V

I2C; 84C81A; P80CL410; P80CL51

X-XUUC-N100

Not Qualified

PCF2113AU/10/F2

NXP Semiconductors

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, DOT MATRIX LCD DRIVER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

100

DIE

UNSPECIFIED

UNSPECIFIED

YES

5.5 V

1

UNCASED CHIP

1.8 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

UPPER

18 X 60 DOTS

8

.4 MHz

CMOS

.4 mA

3.3 V

I2C

X-XUUC-N100

Not Qualified

PCF2113EH

NXP Semiconductors

DISPLAY CONTROLLER, DOT MATRIX LCD DRIVER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

100

LFQFP

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.5 V

1

FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH

1.8 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

QUAD

18 X 60 DOTS

1.6 mm

14 mm

8

2 MHz

14 mm

CMOS

.4 mA

5 V

I2C; 84C81A; P80CL410; P80CL51

.5 mm

S-PQFP-G100

Not Qualified

Display Controllers

Display controllers are electronic circuits or chips that are used to drive displays, such as LCDs, LEDs, and OLEDs. They are responsible for controlling the pixels or segments on the display to produce the desired output. Display controllers are commonly used in a variety of applications, including televisions, computers, smartphones, and other electronic devices.

Display controllers can be either integrated into the main processing chip or designed as a separate component. They typically include a microcontroller, memory, and a display driver that converts the digital signals into the analog signals required by the display. Display controllers also include features such as gamma correction, brightness and contrast control, and color calibration to ensure accurate and consistent display output.

There are many different types of display controllers available, each designed for a specific type of display technology. For example, LCD display controllers use a different type of driver circuit than OLED display controllers. The choice of display controller depends on the specific requirements of the display and the application.