SQUARE Secondary Storage Controllers 47

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Part	Manufacturer	Peripheral IC Type	Temperature Grade	Terminal Form	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Package Body Material	Surface Mount	Maximum Supply Voltage	Power Supplies (V)	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Minimum Supply Voltage	Maximum Operating Temperature	Maximum Data Transfer Rate	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Terminal Position	Maximum Seated Height	Width	Additional Features	External Data Bus Width	Maximum Clock Frequency	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length	Host Interface Standard	Technology	Maximum Host Data Transfer Rate	Maximum Supply Current	Nominal Supply Voltage	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Qualification	Drive Interface Standard	JESD-609 Code
CY7C68023-56LTXC	Infineon Technologies	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	COMMERCIAL	NO LEAD	56	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	3.6 V	3.3	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE		3 V	70 Cel		0 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	1 mm	8 mm				20	260	8 mm	USB	CMOS			3.3 V	Bus Controllers	.5 mm	S-XQCC-N56	3	Not Qualified		e3
CY7C68024-56LFXC	Cypress Semiconductor	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	COMMERCIAL	NO LEAD	56	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	3.6 V	3.3	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC56,.31SQ,20	3 V	70 Cel		0 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn)	QUAD	1 mm	8 mm				20	260	8 mm	USB	CMOS			3.3 V	Bus Controllers	.5 mm	S-XQCC-N56	3	Not Qualified		e3
PC8477BV-1	National Semiconductor	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLOPPY DISK DRIVE	COMMERCIAL	J BEND	68	QCCJ	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	5	CHIP CARRIER	LDCC68,1.0SQ	4.5 V	70 Cel	.125 MBps	0 Cel	TIN LEAD	QUAD				8					PC-AT; PS/2; EISA	CMOS		15 mA	5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1.27 mm	S-PQCC-J68		Not Qualified		e0
PC8477BVF-1	National Semiconductor	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLOPPY DISK DRIVE	COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	60	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V	5	FLATPACK	QFP60,.75SQ,32	4.5 V	70 Cel	.125 MBps	0 Cel	TIN LEAD	QUAD				8					PC-AT; PS/2; EISA	CMOS		15 mA	5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	.8 mm	S-PQFP-G60		Not Qualified		e0
CY7C68023-56LFXC	Cypress Semiconductor	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	COMMERCIAL	NO LEAD	56	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	3.6 V	3.3	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC56,.31SQ,20	3 V	70 Cel		0 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	1 mm	8 mm				20	260	8 mm	USB	CMOS			3.3 V	Bus Controllers	.5 mm	S-XQCC-N56	3	Not Qualified		e3
GD31244	Intel	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, CD ROM	COMMERCIAL	BALL	256	BGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2.625 V	2.5,3.3	GRID ARRAY	BGA256,16X16,40	2.375 V	70 Cel	187.5 MBps	0 Cel		BOTTOM	2.02 mm	17 mm		64				17 mm	PCI	CMOS	1064 MBps		2.5 V	Bus Controllers	1 mm	S-PBGA-B256	1	Not Qualified	IDE
XCCACE-TQG144I	Xilinx	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	144	LFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2.75 V	2.5/3.3,3.3	FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH	QFP144,.87SQ,20	2.25 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	1.6 mm	20 mm	ALSO OPERATES AT 3.3V SUPPLY	16		30	260	20 mm	PCMCIA-ATA	CMOS		.42 mA	2.5 V	Memory Controllers	.5 mm	S-PQFP-G144	3	Not Qualified		e3
PCI1620GHK	Texas Instruments	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	COMMERCIAL	BALL	209	LFBGA	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	3.3,3.3/5	GRID ARRAY, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH	BGA209,19X19,32	3 V	70 Cel		0 Cel		BOTTOM	1.4 mm	16 mm		32		NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	16 mm	ATA; ISA; PCI; PCMCIA	CMOS	132 MBps		3.3 V	Bus Controllers	.8 mm	S-PBGA-B209		Not Qualified
PCI1620PDV	Texas Instruments	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	208	LFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	3.3,3.3/5	FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH	QFP208,1.2SQ,20	3 V	70 Cel		0 Cel		QUAD	1.6 mm	28 mm		32		NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	28 mm	ATA; ISA; PCI; PCMCIA	CMOS	132 MBps		3.3 V	Bus Controllers	.5 mm	S-PQFP-G208		Not Qualified
CY7C68033-56LTXC	Infineon Technologies	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	COMMERCIAL	NO LEAD	56	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	3.6 V	3.3	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC56,.31SQ,20	3 V	70 Cel		0 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	1 mm	8 mm				20	260	8 mm	USB	CMOS			3.3 V	Bus Controllers	.5 mm	S-XQCC-N56	3	Not Qualified		e3
CY7C68034-56LTXI	Infineon Technologies	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	56	QCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		3.3	CHIP CARRIER	LCC56,.31SQ,20		105 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD										CMOS			3.3 V	Bus Controllers	.5 mm	S-PQCC-N56	3	Not Qualified		e4
XCCACE-TQ144I	Xilinx	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	144	LFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2.75 V	2.5/3.3,3.3	FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH	QFP144,.87SQ,20	2.25 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)	QUAD	1.6 mm	20 mm	ALSO OPERATES AT 3.3V SUPPLY	16		30	225	20 mm	PCMCIA-ATA	CMOS		.42 mA	2.5 V	Memory Controllers	.5 mm	S-PQFP-G144	3	Not Qualified		e0
TC8565F	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLOPPY DISK DRIVE	COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	44	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.25 V		FLATPACK		4.75 V	70 Cel	.0625 MBps	-10 Cel	TIN LEAD	QUAD				8	8.33 MHz					CMOS		10 mA	5 V			S-PQFP-G44		Not Qualified		e0
T7518	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FIXED DISK	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	144	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V		FLATPACK		4.5 V	85 Cel	.625 MBps	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	QUAD				8					SCSI	CMOS	1.2 MBps		5 V			S-PQFP-G144		Not Qualified	ST506; ESDI	e0
TC8561F	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FIXED DISK	COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	144	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.25 V		FLATPACK		4.75 V	70 Cel	1.875 MBps	-10 Cel	TIN LEAD	QUAD	3.25 mm	26 mm		8				26 mm	SCSI	CMOS	2 MBps		5 V		.65 mm	S-PQFP-G144		Not Qualified	ST506; ESDI	e0
TC8605F	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLOPPY DISK DRIVE	OTHER	GULL WING	60	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V		FLATPACK		4.5 V	70 Cel	.0625 MBps	-30 Cel	TIN LEAD	QUAD										CMOS			5 V			S-PQFP-G60		Not Qualified		e0
TC8600F	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLOPPY DISK DRIVE	OTHER	GULL WING	44	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V		FLATPACK	QFP44,.7SQ,32	4.5 V	85 Cel	.5 MBps	-30 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD		14 mm		0				5.5 mm		CMOS			5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	.8 mm	S-PQFP-G44		Not Qualified		e0
TC8602F	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLOPPY DISK DRIVE	OTHER	GULL WING	44	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V		FLATPACK	QFP44,.7SQ,32	4.5 V	70 Cel	.5 MBps	-30 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD		14 mm		0				5.5 mm		CMOS			5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	.8 mm	S-PQFP-G44		Not Qualified		e0
TC8607F	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLOPPY DISK DRIVE	OTHER	GULL WING	60	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V		FLATPACK		4.5 V	70 Cel	.0625 MBps	-30 Cel	TIN LEAD	QUAD										CMOS			5 V			S-PQFP-G60		Not Qualified		e0
UPD72068L	Renesas Electronics		COMMERCIAL	J BEND	84	QCCJ	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		5	CHIP CARRIER	LDCC84,1.2SQ		70 Cel		-10 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD										CMOS		60 mA	5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1.27 mm	S-PQCC-J84		Not Qualified		e0
UPD72061L	Renesas Electronics			J BEND	52	QCCJ	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		5	CHIP CARRIER	LDCC52,.8SQ					Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD										CMOS			5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1.27 mm	S-PQCC-J52		Not Qualified		e0
HN29W64AH05TE-1	Renesas Electronics	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	120	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.45 V		FLATPACK		3.15 V	70 Cel		0 Cel	TIN BISMUTH	QUAD			ALSO OPERATES AT 5V SUPPLY	16					ATA	CMOS	8 MBps		3.3 V			S-PQFP-G120		Not Qualified	IDE	e6
UPD72061GC18	Renesas Electronics			GULL WING	52	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		5	FLATPACK	QFP52,.8SQ,40					Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD										CMOS			5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1 mm	S-PQFP-G52		Not Qualified		e0
UPD72064GC-3B6	Renesas Electronics		COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	52	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		5	FLATPACK	QFP52,.8SQ,40		70 Cel		-10 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD										CMOS		60 mA	5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1 mm	S-PQFP-G52		Not Qualified		e0
UPD72064LM	Renesas Electronics		COMMERCIAL	J BEND	44	QCCJ	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		5	CHIP CARRIER	LDCC44,.7SQ		70 Cel		-10 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD										CMOS		60 mA	5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1.27 mm	S-PQCC-J44		Not Qualified		e0
UPD72066L	Renesas Electronics		COMMERCIAL	J BEND	44	QCCJ	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		5	CHIP CARRIER	LDCC44,.7SQ		70 Cel		-10 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD										CMOS		10 mA	5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1.27 mm	S-PQCC-J44		Not Qualified		e0
UPD72069L	Renesas Electronics		COMMERCIAL	J BEND	84	QCCJ	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		5	CHIP CARRIER	LDCC84,1.2SQ		70 Cel		-10 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD										CMOS			5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1.27 mm	S-PQCC-J84		Not Qualified		e0
UPD72065GC	Renesas Electronics		COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	52	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		5	FLATPACK	QFP52,.8SQ,40		70 Cel		-10 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD										CMOS		10 mA	5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1 mm	S-PQFP-G52		Not Qualified		e0
HN29W256SH01TE-1	Renesas Electronics	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	120	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.45 V	3.3,3.3/5	FLATPACK	TQFP120,.64SQ,16	3.15 V	70 Cel		0 Cel	TIN BISMUTH	QUAD			ALSO OPERATES AT 5V SUPPLY	16					PCMCIA-ATA	CMOS		120 mA	3.3 V	Memory Controllers	.4 mm	S-PQFP-G120		Not Qualified	IDE	e6
UPD72065G	Renesas Electronics		COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	52	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		5	FLATPACK	QFP52,.8SQ,40		70 Cel		-10 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD										CMOS		10 mA	5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1 mm	S-PQFP-G52		Not Qualified		e0
UPD72065BGC-3B6	Renesas Electronics		COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	52	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		5	FLATPACK	QFP52,.8SQ,40		70 Cel		-10 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD										CMOS			5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1 mm	S-PQFP-G52		Not Qualified		e0
UPD72067L	Renesas Electronics		COMMERCIAL	J BEND	52	QCCJ	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		5	CHIP CARRIER	LDCC52,.8SQ		70 Cel		-10 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD										CMOS		30 mA	5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1.27 mm	S-PQCC-J52		Not Qualified		e0
UPD72061L18	Renesas Electronics			J BEND	52	QCCJ	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		5	CHIP CARRIER	LDCC52,.8SQ					Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD										CMOS			5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1.27 mm	S-PQCC-J52		Not Qualified		e0
UPD72061GC	Renesas Electronics			GULL WING	52	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		5	FLATPACK	QFP52,.8SQ,40					Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD										CMOS			5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1 mm	S-PQFP-G52		Not Qualified		e0
UPD72065L	Renesas Electronics		COMMERCIAL	J BEND	44	QCCJ	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		5	CHIP CARRIER	LDCC44,.7SQ		70 Cel		-10 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD										CMOS		10 mA	5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1.27 mm	S-PQCC-J44		Not Qualified		e0
UPD72067GC-3B6	Renesas Electronics		COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	52	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		5	FLATPACK	QFP52,.8SQ,40		70 Cel		-10 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD										CMOS		30 mA	5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1 mm	S-PQFP-G52		Not Qualified		e0
UPD72067G	Renesas Electronics		COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	52	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		5	FLATPACK	QFP52,.8SQ,40		70 Cel		-10 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD										CMOS		30 mA	5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1 mm	S-PQFP-G52		Not Qualified		e0
UPD72066G	Renesas Electronics		COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	52	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		5	FLATPACK	QFP52,.8SQ,40		70 Cel		-10 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD										CMOS		10 mA	5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1 mm	S-PQFP-G52		Not Qualified		e0
UPD72065BL	Renesas Electronics		COMMERCIAL	J BEND	44	QCCJ	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		5	CHIP CARRIER	LDCC44,.7SQ		70 Cel		-10 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	QUAD										CMOS			5 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1.27 mm	S-PQCC-J44		Not Qualified		e0
SYM201F40	Broadcom	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FIXED DISK		GULL WING	176	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			FLATPACK				40 MBps		TIN LEAD	QUAD						NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED		SCSI	CMOS	80 MBps					S-PQFP-G176		Not Qualified		e0
KS32P6632-TX	Samsung	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	100	TFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		FLATPACK, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH		3 V	70 Cel	1.25 MBps	0 Cel		QUAD	1.2 mm	14 mm	ALSO OPERATES AT 5V SUPPLY	16				14 mm	PCMCIA-ATA	CMOS	20 MBps		3.3 V		.5 mm	S-PQFP-G100		Not Qualified	IDE
S3F49FAXZA	Samsung	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	OTHER	GULL WING	100	TFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		FLATPACK, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH		3 V	85 Cel		-25 Cel		QUAD	1.2 mm	14 mm		16				14 mm	PCMCIA; ATA; IDE; USB	CMOS	20 MBps		3.3 V		.5 mm	S-PQFP-G100		Not Qualified
KS9246	Samsung	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, CD ROM	COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	100	TFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V		FLATPACK, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH		4.5 V	70 Cel		0 Cel		QUAD	1.2 mm	14 mm	IT SUPPORTS 1M-BIT INTERNAL DRAM	16				14 mm	ATA; ATAPI	CMOS	33 MBps		5 V		.5 mm	S-PQFP-G100		Not Qualified	IDE
S3F49FAX	Samsung	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	OTHER	GULL WING	100	TFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V	3.3/5	FLATPACK, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH	TQFP100,.63SQ	3 V	85 Cel		-25 Cel		QUAD	1.2 mm	14 mm		16				14 mm	PCMCIA; ATA; IDE	CMOS	20 MBps	80 mA	3.3 V	Memory Controllers	.5 mm	S-PQFP-G100		Not Qualified
S3C49F9X	Samsung	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	100	TFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		FLATPACK, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH		3 V	70 Cel		0 Cel		QUAD	1.2 mm	14 mm		16				14 mm	PCMCIA; ATA; IDE	CMOS	20 MBps		3.3 V		.5 mm	S-PQFP-G100		Not Qualified
S3F49FAXZZ	Samsung	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	OTHER	GULL WING	100	TFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		FLATPACK, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH		3 V	85 Cel		-25 Cel		QUAD	1.2 mm	14 mm		16				14 mm	PCMCIA; ATA; IDE; USB	CMOS	20 MBps		3.3 V		.5 mm	S-PQFP-G100		Not Qualified
KS32P6632-LC	Samsung	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	COMMERCIAL	GULL WING	144	LFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	3.6 V		FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH		3 V	70 Cel	1.25 MBps	0 Cel		QUAD	1.6 mm	20 mm	ALSO OPERATES AT 5V SUPPLY	16				20 mm	PCMCIA-ATA	CMOS	20 MBps		3.3 V		.5 mm	S-PQFP-G144		Not Qualified	IDE

Secondary Storage Controllers

Secondary storage controllers are electronic devices that manage the input/output operations between a computer's CPU and secondary storage devices such as hard drives, solid-state drives, and optical drives. These controllers provide an interface that allows the CPU to access data stored on secondary storage devices and manage the storage operations.

Secondary storage controllers can be either integrated into the computer's motherboard or added as an expansion card. They typically include a storage interface that connects to the storage device and a host interface that connects to the computer's bus system. The storage interface may be based on various standards such as SATA, SAS, or PCIe, while the host interface can be based on various standards such as PCI, PCIe, or USB.

Secondary storage controllers offer various benefits such as increased data transfer rates, improved reliability, and increased storage capacity. They also provide advanced features such as caching, data striping, and redundancy that can improve performance and data integrity.

Some of the commonly used secondary storage controllers include RAID controllers, SATA controllers, and SCSI controllers. RAID controllers are used to manage multiple storage devices in a RAID array, while SATA controllers and SCSI controllers are used to manage hard drives and optical drives respectively. These controllers are essential components in modern computer systems, and their functionality and performance play a crucial role in overall system performance and data storage reliability.