INDUSTRIAL Secondary Storage Controllers 69

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Part	Manufacturer	Peripheral IC Type	Temperature Grade	Terminal Form	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Package Body Material	Surface Mount	Maximum Supply Voltage	Power Supplies (V)	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Minimum Supply Voltage	Maximum Operating Temperature	Maximum Data Transfer Rate	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Terminal Position	Maximum Seated Height	Width	Additional Features	External Data Bus Width	Maximum Clock Frequency	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length	Host Interface Standard	Technology	Maximum Host Data Transfer Rate	Maximum Supply Current	Nominal Supply Voltage	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Qualification	Drive Interface Standard	JESD-609 Code
MTEDCAE002SAJ-1M2IT	Micron Technology	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	10		RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED	YES	5.25 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.75 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	Matte Tin (Sn)	UNSPECIFIED	9.7 mm	26.6 mm		2		30	260	36.9 mm	USB	CMOS	30 MBps		5 V			R-XXMA-N10				e3
MTFDCAE004SAJ-1N1IT	Micron Technology	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLOPPY DISK DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED			RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.25 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.75 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel		UNSPECIFIED						30	260		USB	CMOS			5 V			R-XXMA-X		Not Qualified
SDIN8DE1-8G-XI	Sandisk	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD		DIE	RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED	YES	3.6 V		UNCASED CHIP		2.7 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel		UPPER										CMOS	120 MBps		3.3 V			R-XUUC-N
GLS85LP1004P-S-I-FTE	Greenliant Systems	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	91	BGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		3.3	GRID ARRAY	BGA91,10X16,40		85 Cel		-40 Cel		BOTTOM	1.9 mm	14 mm				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	24 mm	ATA; IDE	CMOS	50 MBps		3.3 V	Secondary Storage Controllers	1 mm	R-PBGA-B91		Not Qualified
GLS85LP1004P-S-I-FTE-ND001	Greenliant Systems	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	91	BGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			GRID ARRAY	BGA91,10X16,40		85 Cel		-40 Cel		BOTTOM	1.9 mm	14 mm				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	24 mm	ATA; IDE	CMOS	50 MBps		3.3 V		1 mm	R-PBGA-B91
GLS85LS1064B-M-I-FZJE-ND103	Greenliant Systems	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	145	BGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			GRID ARRAY			85 Cel		-40 Cel		BOTTOM	1.95 mm	14 mm				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	24 mm	ATA; ATAPI	CMOS			3.3 V		1 mm	R-PBGA-B145
SFCF1024H1BK2TO-I-MS-553-SMA	Swissbit Ag	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	50	DIE	RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED	YES	3.63 V		UNCASED CHIP		2.97 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel		UPPER	4.1 mm	36.4 mm	ALSO OPRATES AT 5V	16		NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	42.8 mm	ATA; PCMCIA; PC-AT	CMOS	66 MBps		3.3 V			R-XUUC-N50			IDE
THGBMAG5A1JBAWR	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	153	BGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			GRID ARRAY			85 Cel		-40 Cel		BOTTOM										CMOS	275 MBps					R-PBGA-B153
MTEDCBE002SAJ-1M2IT	Micron Technology	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	10		RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED	YES	5.25 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.75 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel		UNSPECIFIED	5.9 mm	26.6 mm						36.9 mm	USB	CMOS	30 MBps		5 V			R-XXMA-N10
XCCACE-TQG144I	Xilinx	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	144	LFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2.75 V	2.5/3.3,3.3	FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH	QFP144,.87SQ,20	2.25 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	1.6 mm	20 mm	ALSO OPERATES AT 3.3V SUPPLY	16		30	260	20 mm	PCMCIA-ATA	CMOS		.42 mA	2.5 V	Memory Controllers	.5 mm	S-PQFP-G144	3	Not Qualified		e3
SE04TFPHL-C6000-D	Delkin Devices	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	9	DIE	RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED	YES	3.6 V		UNCASED CHIP		2.7 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel		UPPER	2.25 mm	24 mm		4		NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	32 mm		CMOS	25 MBps					R-XUUC-N9
CY7C68034-56LTXI	Infineon Technologies	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	56	QCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES		3.3	CHIP CARRIER	LCC56,.31SQ,20		105 Cel		-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD										CMOS			3.3 V	Bus Controllers	.5 mm	S-PQCC-N56	3	Not Qualified		e4
XCCACE-TQ144I	Xilinx	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	144	LFQFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	2.75 V	2.5/3.3,3.3	FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH	QFP144,.87SQ,20	2.25 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)	QUAD	1.6 mm	20 mm	ALSO OPERATES AT 3.3V SUPPLY	16		30	225	20 mm	PCMCIA-ATA	CMOS		.42 mA	2.5 V	Memory Controllers	.5 mm	S-PQFP-G144	3	Not Qualified		e0
THNID1G02BBI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	40		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X40		Not Qualified		e0
THNID016MBAI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	44		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X44		Not Qualified		e0
THNID1G53BBI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	40		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X40		Not Qualified		e0
THNID320MBBI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	40		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X40		Not Qualified		e0
THNID320MBAI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	44		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X44		Not Qualified		e0
THNID128MBAI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	44		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X44		Not Qualified		e0
THNID064MBAI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	44		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X44		Not Qualified		e0
THNID2G04BBI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	40		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X40		Not Qualified		e0
THNID640MBAI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	44		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X44		Not Qualified		e0
THNID2G04BAI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	44		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X44		Not Qualified		e0
THNID256MBAI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	44		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X44		Not Qualified		e0
THNID128MBBI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	40		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X40		Not Qualified		e0
THNID064MBBI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	40		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X40		Not Qualified		e0
THNID512MBBI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	40		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X40		Not Qualified		e0
THNID384MBAI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	44		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X44		Not Qualified		e0
THNID512MBAI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	44		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X44		Not Qualified		e0
THNID192MBBI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	40		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X40		Not Qualified		e0
THNID032MBBI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	40		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X40		Not Qualified		e0
T7518	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FIXED DISK	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	144	QFP	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V		FLATPACK		4.5 V	85 Cel	.625 MBps	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	QUAD				8					SCSI	CMOS	1.2 MBps		5 V			S-PQFP-G144		Not Qualified	ST506; ESDI	e0
THNID640MBBI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	40		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X40		Not Qualified		e0
THNID192MBAI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	44		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X44		Not Qualified		e0
THNID384MBBI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	40		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X40		Not Qualified		e0
THNID016MBBI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	40		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X40		Not Qualified		e0
THNID1G53BAI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	44		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X44		Not Qualified		e0
THNID032MBAI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	44		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X44		Not Qualified		e0
THNID256MBBI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	40		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X40		Not Qualified		e0
THNID1G02BAI	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED	44		UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.5 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	UNSPECIFIED				16					ATA	CMOS	16.6 MBps		5 V			X-XXMA-X44		Not Qualified		e0
TC8566AF	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLOPPY DISK DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	GULL WING	100	QFP	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	5.5 V		FLATPACK		4.5 V	85 Cel	.0625 MBps	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	QUAD				8	16.5 MHz					CMOS		30 mA	5 V			R-PQFP-G100		Not Qualified		e0
THGBMAG7B2JBAWM	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	169	BGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			GRID ARRAY			85 Cel		-40 Cel		BOTTOM										CMOS	275 MBps					R-PBGA-B169
THGBMAG6A2JBAWR	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	153	BGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			GRID ARRAY			85 Cel		-40 Cel		BOTTOM										CMOS	275 MBps					R-PBGA-B153
THGBMAG8B4JBAWM	Toshiba	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	BALL	169	BGA	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES			GRID ARRAY			85 Cel		-40 Cel		BOTTOM										CMOS	275 MBps					R-PBGA-B169
MTFDCAE008SAJ-1M1IT	Micron Technology	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLOPPY DISK DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	UNSPECIFIED			RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED	NO	5.25 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.75 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel		UNSPECIFIED						30	260		USB	CMOS			5 V			R-XXMA-X		Not Qualified
MTEDCBR004SAJ-1N2IT	Micron Technology	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	10		RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED	YES	3.5 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		2.85 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel		UNSPECIFIED	5.9 mm	26.6 mm						36.9 mm	USB	CMOS	30 MBps		3.3 V			R-XXMA-N10
MTEDCBE016SAJ-1N2IT	Micron Technology	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	10		RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED	YES	5.25 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.75 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel		UNSPECIFIED	5.9 mm	26.6 mm				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	36.9 mm	USB	CMOS	30 MBps		5 V			R-XXMA-N10
MTEDCAE004SAJ-1N2IT	Micron Technology	SECONDARY STORAGE CONTROLLER, FLASH MEMORY DRIVE	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	10		RECTANGULAR	UNSPECIFIED	YES	5.25 V		MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		4.75 V	85 Cel		-40 Cel		UNSPECIFIED	9.7 mm	26.6 mm				NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	36.9 mm	USB	CMOS	30 MBps		5 V			R-XXMA-N10

Secondary Storage Controllers

Secondary storage controllers are electronic devices that manage the input/output operations between a computer's CPU and secondary storage devices such as hard drives, solid-state drives, and optical drives. These controllers provide an interface that allows the CPU to access data stored on secondary storage devices and manage the storage operations.

Secondary storage controllers can be either integrated into the computer's motherboard or added as an expansion card. They typically include a storage interface that connects to the storage device and a host interface that connects to the computer's bus system. The storage interface may be based on various standards such as SATA, SAS, or PCIe, while the host interface can be based on various standards such as PCI, PCIe, or USB.

Secondary storage controllers offer various benefits such as increased data transfer rates, improved reliability, and increased storage capacity. They also provide advanced features such as caching, data striping, and redundancy that can improve performance and data integrity.

Some of the commonly used secondary storage controllers include RAID controllers, SATA controllers, and SCSI controllers. RAID controllers are used to manage multiple storage devices in a RAID array, while SATA controllers and SCSI controllers are used to manage hard drives and optical drives respectively. These controllers are essential components in modern computer systems, and their functionality and performance play a crucial role in overall system performance and data storage reliability.