DPDT-CO Power & Signal Relays 236

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Relay Type Mounting Feature Relay Action Relay Function Coil or Input Supply Type Reference Standard Maximum Contact AC Rating (R Load) Dielectric Strength Between Open Contacts AC Coil Release Voltage Relay Form AC Coil Operate Voltage Operate Time Maximum Contact AC Rating (M Load) Electrical Life Maximum Contact DC Power Rating (R Load) Release Time Insulation Resistance Coil Power (mW) Packing Method Body Length/Diameter Body Width Coil Resistance Sealing Weight Maximum AC Coil Current No. of Terminals Physical Dimension End Contact Plating Body Height Dielectric Strength Between Coil & Contacts Maximum Contact DC Rating (R Load) Maximum Operating Temperature Maximum AC Contact Current Maximum DC Coil Current Maximum AC Coil Voltage Maximum Contact AC Rating (I Load) Minimum Operating Temperature DC Coil Release Voltage Terminal Finish Maximum DC Contact Current Termination Type Maximum Contact AC Power Rating (M Load) Nominal Coil Voltage DC Coil Operate Voltage Manufacturer Series Contact Resistance Input Switching Control Type End Contact Material PCB Hole Count Maximum DC Contact Voltage Additional Features Maximum AC Contact Voltage JESD-609 Code Minimum Operating Frequency Terminal Length Maximum DC Coil Voltage Maximum Operating Frequency Maximum Contact AC Power Rating (R Load) Contact or Output Supply Type

2-1617072-7

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

520 mW

1.35 kΩ

Hermetically Sealed

0.32 in (8.13 mm)

125 °C (257 °F)

2 A

20 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

2 A

Solder

26.5 V

AC/DC

1-1617146-8

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

500 mW

50 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

1 A

100 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

1 A

Solder/Quick Connect

28 V

With Coil Suppression Diode

28 V

5 V

AC/DC

M83536/2-021M

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Socket Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

MIL-PRF-83536/2

5A@115VAC

2 Form C

6 ms

100000 Cycle(s)

6 ms

1.792 W

0.81 in (20.57 mm)

10.41 in (264.414 mm)

500 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

0.81 x 0.41 x 0.64 in (20.57 x 10.41 x 16.26 mm)

0.64 in (16.26 mm)

5A@28VDC

125 °C (257 °F)

5 A

64 mA

-70 °C (-94 °F)

2.3 V

Gold Over Nickel (150)

5 A

Solder/Quick Connect

13.5 V

Silver Cadmium Oxide

28 V

Transient Suppressed DC Coil

115 V

28 V

AC/DC

FCA-210-1027M

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

10A@115VAC

1.25 kVrms

2 Form C

10 ms

4A@115VAC

10 ms

100 MΩ

1.025 in (26.03 mm)

320 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

45.4 g

8

Gold

0.525 in (13.33 mm)

10A@28VDC

125 °C (257 °F)

10 A

8A@115VAC

-70 °C (-94 °F)

1.5 V

Tin/Lead

10 A

Solder/Quick Connect

28 V

18 V

10 mΩ

Random

Silver Cadmium Oxide

8

28 V

Panel Mountable, Polarized, with Coil Suppression Diode

115 V

e0

0.1969 in (5.001 mm)

28 V

AC/DC

M39016/13-073L

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

6 ms

100000 Cycle(s)

6 ms

568 mW

0.61 in (15.49 mm)

7.87 in (199.898 mm)

44 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

0.61 x 0.31 x 0.32 in (15.49 x 7.87 x 8.13 mm)

0.32 in (8.128 mm)

2A@28VDC

125 °C (257 °F)

2 A

114 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

260 mV

2 A

Solder

2.4 V

28 V

5 V

DC

M39016/15-129M

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

450 mW

1.56 kΩ

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

1 A

-65 °C (-85 °F)

1 A

Solder/Quick Connect

28 V

28 V

26.5 V

1-1617122-4

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

450 mW

1.56 kΩ

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

1 A

-65 °C (-85 °F)

1 A

Solder/Quick Connect

28 V

28 V

26.5 V

B07D692BZ2-0011

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

M39016

5A@115VAC

2 Form C

15 ms

50000 Cycle(s)

15 ms

2.34 W

1.025 in (26.03 mm)

13.33 in (338.582 mm)

300 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

8

1.025 x 0.525 x 1.01 in (26.03 x 13.33 x 25.65 mm)

1.01 in (25.65 mm)

10A@28VDC

125 °C (257 °F)

10 A

88 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

2.3 V

10 A

Solder

26.5 V

13 V

Random

Silver Cadmium Oxide

28 V

115 V

0.311 in (7.899 mm)

26.5 V

AC/DC

FCB-205-0222M

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

5A@115VAC

2 Form C

7.5 ms

3A@115VAC

7.5 ms

100 MΩ

1.568 W

0.81 in (20.57 mm)

10.41 in (264.414 mm)

500 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

15.4 g

8

0.81 x 0.41 x 0.64 in (20.57 x 10.41 x 16.26 mm)

0.64 in (16.26 mm)

5A@6VDC

125 °C (257 °F)

5 A

56 mA

5A@115VAC

-70 °C (-94 °F)

1.5 V

Tin/Lead

5 A

Solder Hook

28 V

18 V

50 mΩ

Random

Silver Cadmium Oxide

8

6 V

115 V

e0

0.1575 in (4 mm)

28 V

AC/DC

2-1617030-8

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

900 mW

160 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

2 A

75 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

2 A

Solder

12 V

AC/DC

4-1617073-5

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

520 mW

1.35 kΩ

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

2 A

-65 °C (-85 °F)

2 A

Solder

28 V

28 V

26.5 V

M39016/18-040M

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

M39016

2 Form C

2 ms

100000 Cycle(s)

4 ms

369 mW

0.335 in (8.52 mm)

8.52 in (216.408 mm)

390 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

8

0.335 x 0.335 x 0.3 in (8.52 x 8.52 x 7.62 mm)

0.3 in (7.62 mm)

1A@28VDC

125 °C (257 °F)

1 A

31 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

4 V

1 A

Solder/Quick Connect

12 V

7 V

Random

9

28 V

28 V

0.4724 in (11.999 mm)

12 V

AC/DC

M39016/6-104L

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

1.003 W

700 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

2 A

-65 °C (-85 °F)

2 A

Solder

26.5 V

M83536/2-022M

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

5A@115VAC

2 Form C

6 ms

3A@115VAC

5.1 ms

100 MΩ

1.568 W

0.81 in (20.57 mm)

10.41 in (264.414 mm)

500 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

15.4 g

8

0.81 x 0.41 x 0.64 in (20.57 x 10.41 x 16.26 mm)

0.64 in (16.26 mm)

5A@28VDC

125 °C (257 °F)

5 A

56 mA

5A@115VAC

-70 °C (-94 °F)

1.5 V

Tin/Lead

5 A

Solder Hook

28 V

18 V

50 mΩ

Random

Silver Cadmium Oxide

8

28 V

Polarized, Panel Mountable

115 V

e0

0.1575 in (4 mm)

28 V

AC/DC

1617003-2

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

2.34 W

300 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

10 A

-65 °C (-85 °F)

10 A

Solder

Silver Cadmium Oxide

28 V

26.5 V

1617004-9

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

5A@115VAC

2 Form C

15 ms

50000 Cycle(s)

15 ms

1.92 W

1.075 in (27.31 mm)

15.88 in (403.352 mm)

75 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

8

1.075 x 0.625 x 1.01 in (27.31 x 15.88 x 25.65 mm)

1.01 in (25.65 mm)

10A@28VDC

125 °C (257 °F)

10 A

160 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

3.6 V

10 A

Solder Hook

12 V

6.5 V

Random

Silver Cadmium Oxide

8

28 V

115 V

0.1969 in (5.001 mm)

12 V

AC/DC

JMGST-18M

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

203 mW

1.6 kΩ

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

1 A

-65 °C (-85 °F)

1 A

Solder/Quick Connect

18 V

M39016/19-042L

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

450 mW

1.56 kΩ

Hermetically Sealed

0.28 in (7.11 mm)

125 °C (257 °F)

1 A

-65 °C (-85 °F)

1 A

Solder/Quick Connect

28 V

28 V

26.5 V

M39016/21-044L

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

169 mW

850 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

1 A

-65 °C (-85 °F)

1 A

Solder/Quick Connect

28 V

28 V

12 V

M83536/2-027M

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

6 ms

5.1 ms

1.568 W

0.81 in (20.57 mm)

10.41 in (264.414 mm)

500 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

0.81 x 0.41 x 0.64 in (20.57 x 10.41 x 16.26 mm)

0.64 in (16.26 mm)

125 °C (257 °F)

5 A

56 mA

-70 °C (-94 °F)

Tin/Lead

5 A

Solder/Quick Connect

Silver Cadmium Oxide

Polarized, Panel Mountable

e0

28 V

2-1617031-1

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

6.5 ms

100000 Cycle(s)

6.5 ms

1.003 W

0.81 in (20.57 mm)

10.41 in (264.414 mm)

700 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

8

0.81 x 0.41 x 0.41 in (20.57 x 10.41 x 10.41 mm)

0.41 in (10.41 mm)

2A@28VDC

125 °C (257 °F)

2 A

38 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

1.5 V

2 A

Solder

26.5 V

13.5 V

Random

8

28 V

0.185 in (4.699 mm)

26.5 V

AC/DC

3-1617758-7

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

500 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

5 A

-70 °C (-94 °F)

5 A

Solder/Quick Connect

Silver Cadmium Oxide

28 V

AC/DC

M39016/19-036M

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

450 mW

1.56 kΩ

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

1 A

-65 °C (-85 °F)

1 A

Solder/Quick Connect

28 V

28 V

26.5 V

M83536/1-025M

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Socket Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

MIL-PRF-83536/1

5A@115VAC

1 kVrms

2 Form C

6 ms

3A@115VAC

100000 Cycle(s)

6 ms

100 MΩ

1.792 W

0.81 in (20.57 mm)

10.41 in (264.414 mm)

500 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

15.4 g

8

0.81 x 0.41 x 0.64 in (20.57 x 10.41 x 16.26 mm)

0.64 in (16.26 mm)

5A@28VDC

125 °C (257 °F)

5 A

64 mA

5A@115VAC

-70 °C (-94 °F)

2.3 V

5 A

Solder/Quick Connect

28 V

13.5 V

Random

Silver Cadmium Oxide

8

28 V

Panel Mountable

115 V

0.1693 in (4.3 mm)

28 V

AC/DC

JMGACDD-26MW

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

450 mW

1.56 kΩ

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

1 A

17 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

1 A

Solder/Quick Connect

28 V

With Coil Suppression Diode

28 V

26.5 V

AC/DC

3-1617031-7

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

926 mW

27 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

2 A

-65 °C (-85 °F)

2 A

Solder

5 V

FW1120G01

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

7 ms

100000 Cycle(s)

7 ms

1.04 W

0.8 in (20.32 mm)

10.16 in (258.064 mm)

675 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

0.8 x 0.4 x 0.875 in (20.32 x 10.16 x 22.23 mm)

0.875 in (22.23 mm)

2A@28VDC

125 °C (257 °F)

3 A

34 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

2.3 V

3 A

Solder

13 V

28 V

26.5 V

DC

M83536/10-022M

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

320 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

10 A

-70 °C (-94 °F)

Tin/Lead

10 A

Solder Hook

Silver Cadmium Oxide

Panel Mountable

e0

28 V

AC/DC

1-1617122-3

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

450 mW

1.56 kΩ

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

1 A

-65 °C (-85 °F)

1 A

Solder/Quick Connect

28 V

28 V

26.5 V

FCB-205-0224L

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

500 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

5 A

-70 °C (-94 °F)

Tin/Lead

5 A

Solder Hook

Silver Cadmium Oxide

e0

28 V

AC/DC

1-1617039-2

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Through Hole-Straight Mount

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

682 mW

1.03 kΩ

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

2 A

-65 °C (-85 °F)

2 A

Solder/Quick Connect

26.5 V

1-1617121-1

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

450 mW

1.56 kΩ

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

1 A

17 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

1 A

Solder/Quick Connect

28 V

28 V

26.5 V

AC/DC

1-1617122-2

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

450 mW

1.56 kΩ

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

1 A

17 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

1 A

Solder/Quick Connect

28 V

With Coil Suppression Diode

28 V

26.5 V

AC/DC

2-1617122-1

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

500 mW

50 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

1 A

100 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

1 A

Solder/Quick Connect

28 V

With Coil Suppression Diode

28 V

5 V

AC/DC

3SBC5251K1

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Through Hole-Straight Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

50000 Cycle(s)

520 mW

0.61 in (15.49 mm)

8.12 in (206.248 mm)

1.35 kΩ

Hermetically Sealed

0.61 x 0.32 x 0.32 in (15.49 x 8.12 x 8.13 mm)

0.32 in (8.13 mm)

2A@28VDC

125 °C (257 °F)

2 A

20 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

1.5 V

2 A

Solder/Quick Connect

13.5 V

28 V

26.5 V

AC/DC

HMB1131K01M

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Through Hole-Straight Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

1.003 W

700 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

2 A

38 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

2 A

Solder/Quick Connect

26.5 V

AC/DC

3SBC1527A2

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

520 mW

1.35 kΩ

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

2 A

20 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

2 A

Solder

26.5 V

AC/DC

9-1617758-0

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

500 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

5 A

-70 °C (-94 °F)

5 A

Solder/Quick Connect

Silver Cadmium Oxide

28 V

AC/DC

2-1617030-0

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

900 mW

40 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

2 A

-65 °C (-85 °F)

2 A

Solder

6 V

FCB-205-0119M

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Through Hole-Straight Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

5A@115VAC

1 kVrms

2 Form C

5 ms

3A@115VAC

5 ms

100 MΩ

0.81 in (20.57 mm)

10.41 in (264.414 mm)

500 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

15.4 g

8

0.81 x 0.41 x 0.64 in (20.57 x 10.41 x 16.26 mm)

0.64 in (16.26 mm)

5A@28VDC

125 °C (257 °F)

5 A

5A@115VAC

-70 °C (-94 °F)

1.5 V

Tin/Lead

5 A

Solder/Quick Connect

28 V

18 V

50 mΩ

Random

Silver Cadmium Oxide

8

28 V

115 V

e0

0.1693 in (4.3 mm)

28 V

AC/DC

M39016/19-042P

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

450 mW

1.56 kΩ

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

1 A

-65 °C (-85 °F)

1 A

Solder/Quick Connect

28 V

28 V

26.5 V

M39016/9-019M

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

MIL-PRF-39016/9

0.25A@115VAC

2 Form C

2 ms

100000 Cycle(s)

1.5 ms

500 mW

0.37 in (9.4 mm)

50 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

0.28 in (7.11 mm)

1A@28VDC

125 °C (257 °F)

1 A

100 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

220 mV

1 A

Solder/Quick Connect

2.7 V

28 V

28 V

5 V

AC/DC

1-1617127-2

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

199 mW

6.5 kΩ

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

1 A

6 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

1 A

Solder/Quick Connect

28 V

28 V

36 V

AC/DC

3-1617784-4

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

80 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

10 A

-70 °C (-94 °F)

10 A

Solder/Quick Connect

Silver Cadmium Oxide

12 V

HFW1130K06M

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

M39016

2 Form C

1.003 W

700 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

2 A

38 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

2 A

Solder

26.5 V

AC/DC

M39016/11-043P

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

MIL-PRF-39016/11

0.1A@115VAC

2 Form C

4 ms

100000 Cycle(s)

2 ms

169 mW

0.335 in (8.51 mm)

850 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

0.493 in (12.52 mm)

1A@28VDC

125 °C (257 °F)

1 A

14 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

640 mV

1 A

Solder/Quick Connect

7 V

28 V

28 V

12 V

AC/DC

1-1617128-6

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

250 mW

100 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

1 A

50 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

1 A

Solder/Quick Connect

28 V

With Coil Suppression Diode

28 V

5 V

AC/DC

3SBC1538A2

TE Connectivity

Power/Signal Relay

Panel Mount

Momentary

DPDT-CO

DC

2 Form C

568 mW

44 Ω

Hermetically Sealed

125 °C (257 °F)

2 A

114 mA

-65 °C (-85 °F)

2 A

Solder

5 V

AC/DC

Power & Signal Relays

Power and signal relays are electromechanical switches that are used to control power circuits and signal circuits respectively. Power relays are designed to handle higher voltages and currents, typically in the range of several hundred volts and amperes. They are commonly used in industrial and automotive applications to switch on/off motors, heaters, lights, and other high-power loads. Signal relays, on the other hand, are designed to handle lower voltages and currents, typically in the range of several volts and milliamperes. They are commonly used in electronic equipment such as computers, telecommunications equipment, and consumer electronics to switch on/off signals, data, and low-power loads.

Power and signal relays come in different types and configurations depending on the specific application requirements. Some common types include electromechanical relays, reed relays, solid-state relays, and latching relays. Electromechanical relays use a mechanical switching mechanism, typically a set of contacts that move to make or break an electrical circuit. Reed relays use a set of magnetically activated contacts that are enclosed in a sealed glass tube. Solid-state relays use a semiconductor device to switch on/off the load. Latching relays use a magnetic field to hold the contacts in either the open or closed position, eliminating the need for continuous power to maintain the relay's state.

Power and signal relays play a critical role in the overall performance and reliability of electrical and electronic systems. The selection of the appropriate relay for a given application is crucial to ensure proper operation, safety, and longevity of the system. Factors to consider when selecting a relay include the load current and voltage, switching frequency, contact rating, switching speed, contact bounce, and environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and vibration. Proper maintenance and testing of relays are also important to ensure their continued performance and reliability over time.