Part | RoHS | Manufacturer | Resistor Type | Mounting Type | Resistance | Rated Power Dissipation (P) | Maximum Operating Temperature | Tolerance | Diameter (Lead) | Spacing (Lead) | Rated Temperature | No. of Functions | Technology | Shape (Package) | No. of Elements | Construction | Packing Method | Size Code | Network Type | No. of Terminals | Package Style (Meter) | Terminal Shape | Sub-Category | Dimensions | First Element Resistance | Minimum Operating Temperature | Temperature Coef (ppm/Cel) | Terminal Finish | Length (Lead) | Height (Package) | Manufacturer Series | Operating Voltage | Additional Features | Length (Package) | JESD-609 Code | Series | Diameter (Package) | Reference Standard | Width (Package) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bourns |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
10 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
5 % |
70 Cel |
METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM |
Rectangular |
TR, PAPER, 7 INCH |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
-55 Cel |
200 |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
.6 mm |
300 V |
CURRENT SENSING |
6.3 mm |
e3 |
3.1 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Ohmite Manufacturing |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.005 ohm |
2 W |
125 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
METAL ALLOY |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR, 7 Inch |
1224 |
4 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
-40 Cel |
100 |
MATTE TIN |
.5 mm |
3.2 mm |
e3 |
6.4 mm |
||||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
2000 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
FIXED RESISTOR |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
-55 Cel |
100 |
.55 mm |
250 V |
6.35 mm |
AEC-Q200 |
3.2 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FIXED RESISTOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
560000 ohm |
2 W |
200 Cel |
5 % |
.78 mm |
70 Cel |
METAL FILM |
TUBULAR PACKAGE |
Tubular |
TR |
2 |
Axial |
WIRE |
FIXED RESISTOR |
-55 Cel |
250 |
Matte Tin (Sn) |
500 V |
10 mm |
e3 |
3.9 mm |
AEC-Q200 |
||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FIXED RESISTOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
270 ohm |
2 W |
200 Cel |
5 % |
.78 mm |
70 Cel |
METAL FILM |
TUBULAR PACKAGE |
Tubular |
AMMO PACK |
2 |
Axial |
WIRE |
FIXED RESISTOR |
-55 Cel |
250 |
Matte Tin (Sn) |
500 V |
10 mm |
e3 |
3.9 mm |
AEC-Q200 |
||||||||||||||
|
Bourns |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
1 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
5 % |
70 Cel |
METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM |
Rectangular |
TR, PAPER, 7 INCH |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
-55 Cel |
200 |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
.6 mm |
300 V |
CURRENT SENSING |
6.3 mm |
e3 |
3.1 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Ohmite Manufacturing |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.001 ohm |
2 W |
125 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
METAL ALLOY |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR, 7 Inch |
1224 |
4 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
-40 Cel |
300 |
MATTE TIN |
.5 mm |
3.2 mm |
e3 |
6.4 mm |
||||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
3300 ohm |
2 W |
1 % |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
WRAPAROUND |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
100 |
250 V |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Bourns |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
1000 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
5 % |
70 Cel |
METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM |
Rectangular |
TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
-55 Cel |
200 |
TIN OVER NICKEL |
.6 mm |
300 V |
ANTI-SULFUR |
6.4 mm |
e3 |
AEC-Q200 |
3.1 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
10 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
.1 % |
70 Cel |
THIN FILM |
Rectangular |
TR |
1206 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
-55 Cel |
25 |
TIN SILVER COPPER |
.381 mm |
100 V |
FLAME PROOF, PRECISION |
3.2004 mm |
e1 |
1.6002 mm |
|||||||||||||||
Vishay Intertechnology |
FIXED RESISTOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.1 ohm |
2 W |
250 Cel |
1 % |
.508 mm |
25 Cel |
WIRE WOUND |
Tubular |
BULK |
2 |
Axial |
WIRE |
-55 Cel |
650 |
Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb) |
.4472 V |
10.31 mm |
e0 |
2.39 mm |
MIL-PRF-39007 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FIXED RESISTOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
24000 ohm |
2 W |
200 Cel |
5 % |
.78 mm |
70 Cel |
METAL FILM |
TUBULAR PACKAGE |
Tubular |
TR |
2 |
Axial |
WIRE |
FIXED RESISTOR |
-55 Cel |
250 |
Matte Tin (Sn) |
500 V |
10 mm |
e3 |
3.9 mm |
AEC-Q200 |
||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
470 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
WRAPAROUND |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
-55 Cel |
100 |
250 V |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Vishay Intertechnology |
FIXED RESISTOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.1 ohm |
2 W |
250 Cel |
1 % |
.508 mm |
25 Cel |
WIRE WOUND |
Tubular |
TR |
2 |
Axial |
WIRE |
-55 Cel |
650 |
Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb) |
.4472 V |
10.31 mm |
e0 |
2.39 mm |
MIL-PRF-39007 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
1000000 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
FIXED RESISTOR |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
-55 Cel |
100 |
.55 mm |
250 V |
6.35 mm |
AEC-Q200 |
3.2 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FIXED RESISTOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
1 ohm |
2 W |
200 Cel |
5 % |
.78 mm |
70 Cel |
METAL FILM |
TUBULAR PACKAGE |
Tubular |
AMMO PACK |
2 |
Axial |
WIRE |
FIXED RESISTOR |
-55 Cel |
250 |
Matte Tin (Sn) |
500 V |
10 mm |
e3 |
3.9 mm |
AEC-Q200 |
||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
27 ohm |
2 W |
1 % |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
WRAPAROUND |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
100 |
250 V |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FIXED RESISTOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
33000 ohm |
2 W |
200 Cel |
5 % |
.78 mm |
70 Cel |
METAL FILM |
TUBULAR PACKAGE |
Tubular |
AMMO PACK |
2 |
Axial |
WIRE |
FIXED RESISTOR |
-55 Cel |
250 |
Matte Tin (Sn) |
500 V |
10 mm |
e3 |
3.9 mm |
AEC-Q200 |
||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
820 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
WRAPAROUND |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
-55 Cel |
100 |
250 V |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
4700 ohm |
2 W |
275 Cel |
5 % |
20 Cel |
METAL FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR |
2616 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
6.7mm x 4mm x 3.55mm |
-55 Cel |
100 |
3.55 mm |
300 V |
FLAME PROOF |
6.7 mm |
4 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.02 ohm |
2 W |
170 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
METAL STRIP |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
-65 Cel |
75 |
Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier |
.635 mm |
.2 V |
ANTI-SULFUR |
6.35 mm |
e3 |
AEC-Q200 |
3.18 mm |
|||||||||||||
Vishay Intertechnology |
FIXED RESISTOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
.1 ohm |
2 W |
250 Cel |
1 % |
.508 mm |
25 Cel |
WIRE WOUND |
Tubular |
BULK |
2 |
Axial |
WIRE |
-55 Cel |
650 |
Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb) |
.4472 V |
10.31 mm |
e0 |
2.39 mm |
MIL-PRF-39007 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
22000 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
-55 Cel |
100 |
.55 mm |
500 V |
6.35 mm |
AEC-Q200 |
3.2 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FIXED RESISTOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
62000 ohm |
2 W |
200 Cel |
5 % |
.78 mm |
70 Cel |
METAL FILM |
TUBULAR PACKAGE |
Tubular |
AMMO PACK |
2 |
Axial |
WIRE |
FIXED RESISTOR |
-55 Cel |
250 |
Matte Tin (Sn) |
500 V |
10 mm |
e3 |
3.9 mm |
AEC-Q200 |
||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
330 ohm |
2 W |
1 % |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
WRAPAROUND |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
100 |
250 V |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.01 ohm |
2 W |
170 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
METAL STRIP |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
6.4mm x 3.2mm x .6mm |
-55 Cel |
100 |
.25 mm |
4.4721 V |
6.35 mm |
3.18 mm |
||||||||||||||||
Ohmite Manufacturing |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
18000 ohm |
2 W |
125 Cel |
5 % |
25 Cel |
METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM |
Rectangular |
TR, 13 Inch |
4624 |
2 |
SMT |
J BEND |
Fixed Resistors |
-55 Cel |
250 |
5.74 mm |
500 V |
11.56 mm |
6.1 mm |
||||||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
1000 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
5 % |
70 Cel |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
-55 Cel |
100 |
.55 mm |
250 V |
6.35 mm |
3.2 mm |
||||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
2200 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
-55 Cel |
100 |
.55 mm |
500 V |
6.35 mm |
AEC-Q200 |
3.2 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
ROHM |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.005 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
METAL PLATE |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR, Embossed, 7 Inch |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
FIXED RESISTOR |
-55 Cel |
100 |
TIN OVER NICKEL |
.52 mm |
6.4 mm |
e3 |
3.2 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
2200 ohm |
2 W |
1 % |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
100 |
.55 mm |
250 V |
6.35 mm |
3.2 mm |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
10 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
-55 Cel |
100 |
.55 mm |
500 V |
6.35 mm |
AEC-Q200 |
3.2 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
1 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
1 % |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
FIXED RESISTOR |
6.35mm x 3.15mm x .74mm |
-55 Cel |
200 |
.74 mm |
6.35 mm |
3.15 mm |
|||||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
100000 ohm |
2 W |
235 Cel |
5 % |
METAL OXIDE FILM |
TUBULAR PACKAGE |
AMMO PACK |
2 |
WIRE |
5.5mm x 16mm |
-55 Cel |
350 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
270 ohm |
2 W |
1 % |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
WRAPAROUND |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
100 |
250 V |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.005 ohm |
2 W |
275 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
METAL STRIP |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Chip |
TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 13 INCH |
4527 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
FIXED RESISTOR |
-65 Cel |
110 |
Tin/Silver (Sn/Ag) |
2.41 mm |
11.56 mm |
e2 |
AEC-Q200 |
6.98 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
2400 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
WRAPAROUND |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
-55 Cel |
100 |
250 V |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Bourns |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.2 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
THICK FILM/METAL GLAZE |
Rectangular |
TR, Paper, 7 Inch |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
-55 Cel |
100 |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
.6 mm |
1.349 V |
6.3 mm |
e3 |
3.1 mm |
||||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
120 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
-55 Cel |
100 |
.55 mm |
500 V |
6.35 mm |
AEC-Q200 |
3.2 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.001 ohm |
2 W |
275 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
METAL STRIP |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 13 INCH |
4527 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
FIXED RESISTOR |
-65 Cel |
750 |
TIN SILVER |
2.41 mm |
.045 V |
ANTI-SULFUR |
11.56 mm |
e2 |
AEC-Q200 |
6.98 mm |
||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.002 ohm |
2 W |
170 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
METAL STRIP |
Rectangular |
TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
-65 Cel |
275 |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
.635 mm |
.0632 V |
ANTI-SULFUR |
6.35 mm |
AEC-Q200 |
3.18 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
43 ohm |
2 W |
1 % |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
WRAPAROUND |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
100 |
250 V |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
20000 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
FIXED RESISTOR |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
-55 Cel |
100 |
.55 mm |
250 V |
6.35 mm |
AEC-Q200 |
3.2 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
680 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
-55 Cel |
100 |
.55 mm |
500 V |
6.35 mm |
AEC-Q200 |
3.2 mm |
|||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
15 ohm |
2 W |
275 Cel |
5 % |
20 Cel |
WIRE WOUND |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR |
2616 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
4mm x 6.7mm x 3.55mm |
-55 Cel |
200 |
TIN |
3.55 mm |
300 V |
FLAME PROOF |
6.7 mm |
e3 |
4 mm |
|||||||||||||
|
Vishay Intertechnology |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
.04 ohm |
2 W |
275 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
METAL STRIP |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Chip |
TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 13 INCH |
4627 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
FIXED RESISTOR |
-65 Cel |
75 |
Tin/Silver (Sn/Ag) |
2.41 mm |
11.56 mm |
e2 |
AEC-Q200 |
6.98 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
SURFACE MOUNT |
68 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
1 % |
70 Cel |
THICK FILM |
RECTANGULAR PACKAGE |
Rectangular |
TR |
2512 |
2 |
SMT |
WRAPAROUND |
6.35mm x 3.2mm x .55mm |
-55 Cel |
100 |
MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL |
.55 mm |
250 V |
6.35 mm |
e3 |
3.2 mm |
||||||||||||||
|
TE Connectivity |
FIXED RESISTOR |
THROUGH HOLE MOUNT |
1000000 ohm |
2 W |
155 Cel |
5 % |
.7 mm |
70 Cel |
THIN FILM |
TUBULAR PACKAGE |
Tubular |
AMMO PACK |
2 |
Axial |
WIRE |
16mm x 5.5mm |
-55 Cel |
-700, 0 |
TIN |
28 mm |
500 V |
16 mm |
e3 |
5.5 mm |
Fixed resistors are passive electronic components that are used to resist the flow of electric current in a circuit. They have a fixed value of resistance, meaning their resistance cannot be adjusted once they are manufactured. They are commonly used to set the bias of transistors, control the gain of amplifiers, or limit the current flowing through an LED. Fixed resistors come in various sizes, power ratings, and tolerances.
There are two types of fixed resistors: through-hole and surface mount. Through-hole resistors have leads that are inserted into holes on the printed circuit board (PCB), while surface mount resistors have terminals that are soldered directly to the surface of the PCB. Through-hole resistors are larger and easier to work with, but surface mount resistors are smaller and more suitable for miniaturized electronic devices.
Fixed resistors can be made from a variety of materials, including carbon, metal, and wire-wound. Carbon resistors are inexpensive and widely used, but they have a lower tolerance and are more susceptible to noise than other types. Metal film resistors have a higher tolerance and better stability, making them ideal for use in precision circuits. Wire-wound resistors have a higher power rating and are used in high power applications, such as power supplies and amplifiers.