4020 ohm Fixed Resistors 50

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Part	Manufacturer	Resistor Type	Mounting Type	Resistance	Rated Power Dissipation (P)	Maximum Operating Temperature	Tolerance	Diameter (Lead)	Rated Temperature	Technology	Shape (Package)	Construction	Packing Method	Size Code	No. of Terminals	Package Style (Meter)	Terminal Shape	Sub-Category	Dimensions	Minimum Operating Temperature	Temperature Coef (ppm/Cel)	Terminal Finish	Length (Lead)	Height (Package)	Operating Voltage	Additional Features	Length (Package)	JESD-609 Code	Series	Diameter (Package)	Reference Standard	Width (Package)
CRCW04024K02FKED	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.35 mm	50 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 50	1 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	.5 mm
ERJ6ENF4021V	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.125 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.6 mm	150 V	PRECISION, STANDARD: IEC60115-8	2 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	1.25 mm
CRCW04024K02FKEDC	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.3 mm	50 V	RATED AC COLTAGE(V): 50	1 mm	e3				.5 mm
CRCW06034K02FKEA	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	75 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 75	1.55 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	.85 mm
CRCW04024K02FKEDHP	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.2 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.3 mm	50 V	RATED AC VOLTAGE: 50V	1 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	.5 mm
RN73C1J4K02BTG	TE Connectivity	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	.1 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	TAPE	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		1.6mm x .8mm x .4mm	-55 Cel	10	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	50 V	PRECISION	1.55 mm	e3				.8 mm
CRCW12064K02FKTA	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.25 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)		.55 mm	200 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, RATED AC VOLTAGE (V) : 200	3.2 mm	e0			AEC-Q200	1.6 mm
CRCW12064K02FKTABC	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR		4020 ohm	.25 W	155 Cel	1 %			METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Chip	TR, Paper, 7 Inch	1206	2	SMT		Fixed Resistors		-55 Cel	100	Tin (Sn)		.55 mm	200 V		3.2 mm	e3	CRCW-BCE3			1.6 mm
CRCW06034K02FKEAC	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	75 V	RATED AC COLTAGE(V): 75	1.6 mm	e3				.8 mm
CRCW08054K02FKEA	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.125 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	150 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 150	2 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	1.25 mm
CRCW06034K02FKEAHP	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.33 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	75 V	RATED AC VOLTAGE: 75V	1.6 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	.85 mm
RC0402FR-074K02L	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.0625 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.35 mm	50 V	LASER TRIMMABLE	1 mm	e3				.5 mm
CPF0805B4K02E1	TE Connectivity	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	.1 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		2mm x 1.25mm x .5mm	-55 Cel	25			.55 mm	100 V	PRECISION	2 mm					1.25 mm
CPF-A-0603B4K02E1	TE Connectivity	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	.1 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		1.55mm x .8mm x .45mm	-55 Cel	25			.45 mm	50 V	PRECISION	1.55 mm				AEC-Q200	.8 mm
CRCW08054K02FKEAC	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.125 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.5 mm	150 V	RATED AC COLTAGE(V): 150	2 mm	e3				1.25 mm
CRCW08054K02FKEAHP	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.5 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL		.5 mm	150 V	RATED AC VOLTAGE: 150V	2 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	1.25 mm
ERA2AEB4021X	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	.1 %		85 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	25	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.35 mm	50 V	IEC60115-8	1 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	.5 mm
RC0603FR-074K02L	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.45 mm	75 V	LASER TRIMMABLE	1.6 mm	e3				.8 mm
ERJ8ENF4021V	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.25 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.6 mm	200 V	PRECISION, STANDARD: IEC60115-8	3.2 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	1.6 mm
ERA8AEB4021V	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.25 W	155 Cel	.1 %		85 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	25	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.6 mm	150 V	IEC60115-8	3.2 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	1.6 mm
TNPW04024K02BEED	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.063 W	125 Cel	.1 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	25	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.35 mm	50 V	ANTI-SULFUR; LASER TRIMMABLE; PRECISION; RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 50	1 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	.5 mm
CPF0402B4K02E1	TE Connectivity	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	.1 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		1mm x .5mm x .3mm	-55 Cel	25			.3 mm	25 V	PRECISION	1 mm					.5 mm
ERA6AEB4021V	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.125 W	155 Cel	.1 %		85 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	25	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.5 mm	100 V	IEC60115-8	2 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	1.25 mm
ERJ3EKF4021V	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	75 V	PRECISION, STANDARD: IEC60115-8	1.6 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	.8 mm
9-1614887-3	TE Connectivity	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	.1 %			THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE		TR	0805	2		WRAPAROUND		2mm x 1.25mm x .5mm	-55 Cel	25					SEMI PRECISION
AC0402FR-074K02L	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.0625 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.32 mm	50 V	LASER TRIMMABLE	1 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	.5 mm
ERA3ARB4021V	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	.1 %		85 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	10	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	75 V	IEC60115-8	1.6 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	.8 mm
CMF604K0200FHEK70	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	4020 ohm	1 W	175 Cel	1 %	.64 mm	70 Cel	METAL FILM	TUBULAR PACKAGE	Tubular	Bulk		2	Axial	WIRE	FIXED RESISTOR		-55 Cel	50	MATTE TIN	38.1 mm		500 V	PRECISION	8.74 mm	e3		3.68 mm
CR0402-FX-4021GLF	Bourns	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.32 mm	50 V		1 mm	e3				.5 mm
M55342E06B4B02STI	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.15 W	150 Cel	.1 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM		Rectangular	TR	0705	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-65 Cel	25	Tin/Lead (Sn60Pb40) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.8382 mm	50 V	NON-INDUCTIVE	2.032 mm	e0			MIL-PRF-55342	1.27 mm
M55342E06B4B02SWS	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.15 W	150 Cel	.1 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM		Rectangular	Waffle Pack	0705	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-65 Cel	25	Tin/Lead (Sn60Pb40) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.8382 mm	50 V	NON-INDUCTIVE	2.032 mm	e0			MIL-PRF-55342	1.27 mm
RC0805FR-074K02L	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.125 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.5 mm	150 V	LASER TRIMMABLE	2 mm	e3				1.25 mm
RLR07C4021FRB14	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.25 W	150 Cel	1 %	.64 mm	70 Cel	METAL FILM		Tubular	BULK		2	Axial	WIRE			-65 Cel	100	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	38.1 mm		250 V		6.35 mm	e0		2.29 mm	MIL-PRF-39017
RN73C1E4K02BTDF	TE Connectivity	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	.1 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	TR	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		1mm x .5mm x .3mm	-55 Cel	10	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.3 mm	25 V	PRECISION	1 mm	e3				.5 mm
CMF604K0200FHEK	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	4020 ohm	1 W	175 Cel	1 %	.64 mm	70 Cel	METAL FILM		Tubular	Bulk		2	Axial	WIRE			-55 Cel	50	MATTE TIN	38.1 mm		500 V	FLAME PROOF, PRECISION	8.74 mm	e3		3.68 mm
M55342E06B4B02RT5	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.15 W	150 Cel	.1 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR	0705	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-65 Cel	25	Tin/Lead (Sn60Pb40) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.8382 mm	50 V	NON-INDUCTIVE	2.032 mm	e0			MIL-PRF-55342	1.27 mm
ERA3AEB4021V	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	.1 %		85 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	25	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	75 V	IEC60115-8	1.6 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	.8 mm
RT0805BRD074K02L	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.125 W	155 Cel	.1 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	25	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.5 mm	150 V	HIGH PRECISION, LASER TRIMMABLE	2 mm	e3				1.25 mm
ERJ2RKF4021X	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.35 mm	50 V	PRECISION, STANDARD: IEC60115-8	1 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	.5 mm
RT0603DRD074K02L	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	25	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.45 mm	75 V	HIGH PRECISION, LASER TRIMMABLE	1.6 mm	e3				.8 mm
RC1206FR-074K02L	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.25 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.55 mm	200 V	LASER TRIMMABLE	3.1 mm	e3				1.6 mm
AC0603FR-074K02L	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.45 mm	75 V	LASER TRIMMABLE	1.6 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	.8 mm
CCF554K02FKE36	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.5 W	165 Cel	1 %	.58 mm	70 Cel	METAL FILM	TUBULAR PACKAGE	Tubular	TR		2	Axial	WIRE	Fixed Resistors		-65 Cel	100	MATTE TIN	27.94 mm		250 V	DUAL RATED AS 0.25 WATTS, FLAME PROOF	6.22 mm	e3		2.29 mm
CRCW12064K02FKEAHP	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.75 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.5 mm	200 V	RATED AC VOLTAGE: 200V	3.1 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	1.6 mm
CMF504K0200FHEB	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.25 W	175 Cel	1 %	.41 mm	70 Cel	METAL FILM		Tubular	TR, 7.5 INCH		2	Axial	WIRE			-55 Cel	50	Matte Tin (Sn)			200 V	FLAME PROOF, PRECISION	3.81 mm	e3		1.65 mm
CR0805-FX-4021ELF	Bourns	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.125 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.5 mm	150 V		2 mm	e3				1.25 mm
CRCW12064K02FKEA	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.25 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND			-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.55 mm	200 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 200	3.2 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	1.6 mm
NRC04F4021TRF	Nic Components	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4020 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	1 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR		-55 Cel	100	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.3 mm	50 V		1 mm	e3			AEC-Q200	.5 mm

Fixed Resistors

Fixed resistors are passive electronic components that are used to resist the flow of electric current in a circuit. They have a fixed value of resistance, meaning their resistance cannot be adjusted once they are manufactured. They are commonly used to set the bias of transistors, control the gain of amplifiers, or limit the current flowing through an LED. Fixed resistors come in various sizes, power ratings, and tolerances.

There are two types of fixed resistors: through-hole and surface mount. Through-hole resistors have leads that are inserted into holes on the printed circuit board (PCB), while surface mount resistors have terminals that are soldered directly to the surface of the PCB. Through-hole resistors are larger and easier to work with, but surface mount resistors are smaller and more suitable for miniaturized electronic devices.

Fixed resistors can be made from a variety of materials, including carbon, metal, and wire-wound. Carbon resistors are inexpensive and widely used, but they have a lower tolerance and are more susceptible to noise than other types. Metal film resistors have a higher tolerance and better stability, making them ideal for use in precision circuits. Wire-wound resistors have a higher power rating and are used in high power applications, such as power supplies and amplifiers.