.5 % Fixed Resistors 733

Reset All

Part	Manufacturer	Resistor Type	Mounting Type	Resistance	Rated Power Dissipation (P)	Maximum Operating Temperature	Tolerance	Diameter (Lead)	Rated Temperature	Technology	Shape (Package)	Construction	Packing Method	Size Code	No. of Terminals	Package Style (Meter)	Terminal Shape	Sub-Category	Minimum Operating Temperature	Temperature Coef (ppm/Cel)	Terminal Finish	Length (Lead)	Height (Package)	Operating Voltage	Additional Features	Length (Package)	JESD-609 Code	Diameter (Package)	Reference Standard	Width (Package)
MCA1206MD1003DP500	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100000 ohm	.52 W	175 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, Paper, 7 Inch	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	25	TIN OVER NICKEL		.55 mm	200 V	ANTI-SULFUR, RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 200	3.2 mm	e3		AEC-Q200; CECC40401-801	1.6 mm
RT0603DRD07165KL	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	165000 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	25	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.45 mm	75 V	HIGH PRECISION, LASER TRIMMABLE	1.6 mm	e3			.8 mm
TNPW060318K2DETA	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	18200 ohm	.1 W	125 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM		Rectangular	TR, CARDBOARD, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	25	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.45 mm	75 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 75	1.6 mm	e0			.85 mm
WSL0805R0470DTG	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.047 ohm	.125 W	170 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL STRIP	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-65 Cel	75	TIN LEAD		.406 mm	.0766 V	ANTI-SULFUR	2.03 mm	e0		AEC-Q200	1.27 mm
WSL2010R0100DBA	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.01 ohm	.5 W	170 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL STRIP	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	BULK	2010	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-65 Cel	75	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)		.635 mm	.0707 V	ANTI-SULFUR	5.08 mm	e0		AEC-Q200	2.54 mm
WSL2010R0100DTB	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.01 ohm	.5 W	170 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL STRIP		Rectangular	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2010	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-65 Cel	75	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)		.635 mm	.0707 V	ANTI-SULFUR	5.08 mm	e0		AEC-Q200	2.54 mm
WSLP1206R0200DEA	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.02 ohm	1 W	170 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL STRIP	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-65 Cel	75	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.635 mm	.1414 V	ANTI-SULFUR	3.2 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	1.6 mm
ARG03DTC1001	Viking Tech	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	1000 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	25	Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.45 mm	75 V		1.6 mm	e3			.8 mm
ERJP14D12R0U	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	12 ohm	.5 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH	1210	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	100	TIN		.6 mm	200 V	HIGH PRECISION, IEC60115-8	3.2 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	2.5 mm
HRG3216P-1001-D-T1	Susumu	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	1000 ohm	1 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM		Rectangular	TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	25	MATTE TIN		.45 mm	200 V	ANTI-SULFUR	3.2 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	1.6 mm
PATT0603L5972DGTF	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	59700 ohm	.15 W	250 Cel	.5 %		155 Cel	THIN FILM		Rectangular	TR	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	200	Gold (Au) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.381 mm	75 V	ANTI-SULFUR, LASER TRIMMABLE, PRECISION	1.6256 mm	e4		AEC-Q200	.8128 mm
RNCF2512DTE6R34	Stackpole Electronics	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	6.34 ohm	1 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2512	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	25	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.55 mm	200 V		6.3 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	3.1 mm
RR0816P-1023-D-02D	Susumu	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	102000 ohm	.0625 W	125 Cel	.5 %			THIN FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	25	MATTE TIN		.4 mm	75 V	PRECISION	1.6 mm	e3			.8 mm
TNPW080546K4DETA	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	46400 ohm	.125 W	125 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM		Rectangular	TR, CARDBOARD, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	25	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.45 mm	150 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, RATED AC VOLTAGE (V): 150	2 mm	e0			1.25 mm
WSL2010R0100DTA	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.01 ohm	.5 W	170 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL STRIP	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2010	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-65 Cel	75	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)		.635 mm	.0707 V	ANTI-SULFUR	5.08 mm	e0		AEC-Q200	2.54 mm
ERA2AED392X	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	3900 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	.5 %		85 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	25	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.35 mm	50 V	IEC60115-8	1 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.5 mm
ERJ1RHD1003C	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100000 ohm	.05 W	125 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PRESSED, 7 INCH	0201	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	50	TIN OVER NICKEL		.23 mm	15 V	PRECISION	.6 mm	e3		IEC60115-8	.3 mm
ERJ2RHD4701X	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4700 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	50	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.35 mm	50 V	PRECISION, STANDARD: IEC60115-8	1 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.5 mm
RNCF0201DTE82R0	Stackpole Electronics	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	82 ohm	.05 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0201	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	25	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.23 mm	15 V		.58 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.29 mm
RR0816P103D-C	Thin Film Technology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10000 ohm	.0625 W	125 Cel	.5 %			THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	25	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.406 mm	75 V		1.6 mm	e3			.787 mm
RT0603DRE0751K7L	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR		51700 ohm	.1 W	125 Cel	.5 %		155 Cel	THIN FILM		Chip	TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0603	2	SMT		Fixed Resistors	-55 Cel	50	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.45 mm	75 V		1.6 mm	e3			.8 mm
WSL0805R0470DEA	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.047 ohm	.125 W	170 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL STRIP	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-65 Cel	75	Matte Tin (Sn)		.406 mm	.0766 V	ANTI-SULFUR	2.03 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	1.27 mm
WSL2010R0100DTA18	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.01 ohm	1 W	170 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL STRIP		Rectangular	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2010	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-65 Cel	75	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)		.635 mm	.1 V	ANTI-SULFUR	5.08 mm	e0		AEC-Q200	2.54 mm
WSL2010R0150DEA	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.015 ohm	.5 W	170 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL STRIP	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2010	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-65 Cel	75	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.635 mm	.0866 V	ANTI-SULFUR	5.08 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	2.54 mm
WSL2010R0150DEA18	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.015 ohm	1 W	170 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL STRIP		Rectangular	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2010	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-65 Cel	75	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.635 mm	.1225 V	ANTI-SULFUR	5.08 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	2.54 mm
ERA6AHD360V	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	36 ohm	.125 W	155 Cel	.5 %		85 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	50	TIN OVER NICKEL		.5 mm	100 V	IEC60115-8	2 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	1.25 mm
ERJ2RHD5601X	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	5600 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	50	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.35 mm	50 V	PRECISION, STANDARD: IEC60115-8	1 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.5 mm
ERJP06D69R8V	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	69.8 ohm	.5 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	100	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.6 mm	400 V	HIGH PRECISION, IEC60115-8	2 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	1.25 mm
ERJP14D10R2U	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10.2 ohm	.5 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH	1210	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	100	TIN		.6 mm	200 V	HIGH PRECISION, IEC60115-8	3.2 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	2.5 mm
ERJU02D45R3X	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	45.3 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	200			.35 mm	50 V	ANTI-SULFUR, IEC60115-8	1 mm			AEC-Q200	.5 mm
MCT0603PD1001DP500	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	1000 ohm	.25 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	25	TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	75 V	ANTI-SULFUR	1.55 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.85 mm
PFC-W1206LF-03-1691-D	Tt Electronics Plc	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	1690 ohm	.333 W	150 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-65 Cel	25	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.61 mm	200 V	ANTI-SULFUR; LASER TRIMMABLE; HIGH PRECISION	3.2 mm	e3			1.6 mm
RCMA0222300DES03	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	2230 ohm	.125 W	155 Cel	.5 %	.6 mm	70 Cel	METAL FILM	TUBULAR PACKAGE	Tubular	BULK		2	Axial	WIRE	FIXED RESISTOR	-65 Cel	25	Matte Tin (Sn)	25 mm		300 V	PRECISION	6.7 mm	e3	2.5 mm	CECC4101-803
RCMA4022102DHB25	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	221000 ohm	2 W	155 Cel	.5 %	.8 mm	70 Cel	METAL FILM	TUBULAR PACKAGE	Tubular	BULK		2	Axial	WIRE	FIXED RESISTOR	-65 Cel	50	Matte Tin (Sn)	25 mm		800 V	PRECISION	54 mm	e3	10.2 mm	CECC4101-803
RGC1206DTC71R5	Stackpole Electronics	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	71.5 ohm	.25 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	50	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.6 mm	200 V	SEMI-PRECISION	3.1 mm	e3			1.55 mm
RNCF2512DKE6R34	Stackpole Electronics	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	6.34 ohm	1 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, 7 INCH	2512	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	25	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.55 mm	200 V		6.3 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	3.1 mm
RNCF2512DTC6R34	Stackpole Electronics	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	6.34 ohm	1 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2512	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	50	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.55 mm	200 V		6.3 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	3.1 mm
RR0816P-102-D	Susumu	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	1000 ohm	.0625 W	125 Cel	.5 %			THIN FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	25	MATTE TIN		.4 mm	75 V	PRECISION	1.6 mm	e3			.8 mm
RR0816Q-49R9-D-68R	Susumu	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	49.9 ohm	.0625 W	125 Cel	.5 %			THIN FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	50	MATTE TIN		.4 mm	75 V	PRECISION	1.6 mm	e3			.8 mm
RR1220P-242-D	Susumu	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	2400 ohm	.1 W	125 Cel	.5 %			THIN FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	25	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		.4 mm	100 V	PRECISION	2 mm	e3			1.25 mm
RT0603DRD073K4L	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	3400 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	25	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.45 mm	75 V	HIGH PRECISION, LASER TRIMMABLE	1.6 mm	e3			.8 mm
RT0603DRE073K4L	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	3400 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	50	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.45 mm	75 V	HIGH PRECISION, LASER TRIMMABLE	1.6 mm	e3			.8 mm
RT1206DRE0710KL	Yageo	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10000 ohm	.25 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	THIN FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	50	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.55 mm	200 V	HIGH PRECISION, LASER TRIMMABLE	3.1 mm	e3			1.6 mm
WSL2010R0100DEK	Vishay Intertechnology	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.01 ohm	.5 W	170 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL STRIP	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	BULK	2010	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-65 Cel	75	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		.635 mm	.0707 V	ANTI-SULFUR	5.08 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	2.54 mm
ERJ2RKD1004X	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	1000000 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL		.35 mm	50 V	PRECISION, STANDARD: IEC60115-8	1 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.5 mm
ERJH2RD3300X	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	330 ohm	.1 W	175 Cel	.5 %		105 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	100			.35 mm	50 V	IEC60115-8	1 mm			AEC-Q200	.5 mm
ERJU02D1210X	Panasonic	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	121 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PUNCHED, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	200			.35 mm	50 V	ANTI-SULFUR, IEC60115-8	1 mm			AEC-Q200	.5 mm
ESR03EZPD2202	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	22000 ohm	.25 W	155 Cel	.5 %		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL		.45 mm	150 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	1.6 mm	e3		AEC-Q200	.8 mm

Fixed Resistors

Fixed resistors are passive electronic components that are used to resist the flow of electric current in a circuit. They have a fixed value of resistance, meaning their resistance cannot be adjusted once they are manufactured. They are commonly used to set the bias of transistors, control the gain of amplifiers, or limit the current flowing through an LED. Fixed resistors come in various sizes, power ratings, and tolerances.

There are two types of fixed resistors: through-hole and surface mount. Through-hole resistors have leads that are inserted into holes on the printed circuit board (PCB), while surface mount resistors have terminals that are soldered directly to the surface of the PCB. Through-hole resistors are larger and easier to work with, but surface mount resistors are smaller and more suitable for miniaturized electronic devices.

Fixed resistors can be made from a variety of materials, including carbon, metal, and wire-wound. Carbon resistors are inexpensive and widely used, but they have a lower tolerance and are more susceptible to noise than other types. Metal film resistors have a higher tolerance and better stability, making them ideal for use in precision circuits. Wire-wound resistors have a higher power rating and are used in high power applications, such as power supplies and amplifiers.