ROHM Fixed Resistors 1,664

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Part	Manufacturer	Resistor Type	Mounting Type	Resistance	Rated Power Dissipation (P)	Maximum Operating Temperature	Tolerance	Rated Temperature	Technology	Shape (Package)	Construction	Packing Method	Size Code	No. of Terminals	Package Style (Meter)	Terminal Shape	Sub-Category	Minimum Operating Temperature	Temperature Coef (ppm/Cel)	Terminal Finish	Height (Package)	Operating Voltage	Additional Features	Length (Package)	JESD-609 Code	Reference Standard	Width (Package)
MCR25JZHF2000	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	200 ohm	.5 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH	1210	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	100	Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	.55 mm	200 V		3.2 mm	e3		2.5 mm
MCR10EZPF1002	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10000 ohm	.125 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL	.55 mm	150 V		2 mm	e3		1.25 mm
PMR10EZPJ000	ROHM	JUMPER	SURFACE MOUNT	0 ohm		155 Cel		70 Cel	METAL STRIP	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0805	2	SMT	ONE SURFACE	Fixed Resistors	-55 Cel		TIN	.32 mm		RATED CURRENT: 31.6A	2 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	1.1 mm
ESR18EZPF1600	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	160 ohm	.5 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL	.55 mm	200 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	3.2 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	1.6 mm
ESR01MZPJ221	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	220 ohm	.2 W	155 Cel	5 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	200	TIN OVER NICKEL	.35 mm	50 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	1 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	.5 mm
MCR01MRTF1002	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10000 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	100	Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	.35 mm	50 V		1 mm	e3	TS 16949	.5 mm
ESR01MZPJ470	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	47 ohm	.2 W	155 Cel	5 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	200	TIN OVER NICKEL	.35 mm	50 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	1 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	.5 mm
MCR03EZPFX8871	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	8870 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL	.45 mm	50 V		1.6 mm	e3		.8 mm
ESR10EZPF2R00	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	2 ohm	.4 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL	.55 mm	150 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	2 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	1.25 mm
ESR18EZPJ302	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	3000 ohm	.5 W	155 Cel	5 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	200	TIN OVER NICKEL	.55 mm	200 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	3.2 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	1.6 mm
KTR10EZPF1002	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10000 ohm	.125 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL	.55 mm	400 V		2 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	1.25 mm
ESR25JZPF2000	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	200 ohm	.66 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH	1210	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL	.55 mm	200 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	3.2 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	2.5 mm
MCR10EZPF10R0	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10 ohm	.125 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL	.55 mm	150 V		2 mm	e3		1.25 mm
SFR03EZPF4702	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	47000 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	100		.45 mm	50 V	ANTI-SULFUR, RATED CURRENT: 1A	1.6 mm		AEC-Q200; IATF 16949	.8 mm
ESR03EZPJ104	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100000 ohm	.25 W	155 Cel	5 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	200	TIN OVER NICKEL	.45 mm	150 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	1.6 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	.8 mm
MCR18EZPJ000	ROHM	JUMPER	SURFACE MOUNT	0 ohm	.25 W	155 Cel		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel		TIN OVER NICKEL	.55 mm		RATED CURRENT: 2A	3.2 mm	e3		1.6 mm
ESR03EZPJ121	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	120 ohm	.25 W	155 Cel	5 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	200	TIN OVER NICKEL	.45 mm	150 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	1.6 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	.8 mm
KTR10EZPF1070	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	107 ohm	.125 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE		TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2		WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL		300 V			e3
MCR03EZPFX4700	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	470 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL	.45 mm	50 V		1.6 mm	e3		.8 mm
PMR18EZPFV1L00	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.001 ohm	1 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL PLATE	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, Paper, 7 Inch	1206	2	SMT	ONE SURFACE	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	100	TIN	.44 mm			3.2 mm	e3		1.6 mm
ESR03EZPJ101	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 ohm	.25 W	155 Cel	5 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	200	TIN OVER NICKEL	.45 mm	150 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	1.6 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	.8 mm
KTR03EZPF1103	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	110000 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL	.45 mm	350 V		1.6 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	.8 mm
PSR400ITQFD0L30	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.0003 ohm	10 W	175 Cel	1 %	75 Cel	METAL PLATE	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Retangular	TR, EMBOSSED, 13 INCH	3921	2	SMT	GULL WING	FIXED RESISTOR	-65 Cel	0,100		1.85 mm	.05 V		10 mm		AEC-Q200	5.2 mm
ESR10EZPF10R0	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10 ohm	.4 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL	.55 mm	150 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	2 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	1.25 mm
ESR10EZPF1200	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	120 ohm	.4 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL	.55 mm	150 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	2 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	1.25 mm
KTR03EZPF1604	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	1600000 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL	.45 mm	350 V		1.6 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	.8 mm
MCR01MZPJ102	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	1000 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	5 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	200	TIN OVER NICKEL	.35 mm	50 V		1 mm	e3		.5 mm
PMR03EZPJ000	ROHM	JUMPER	SURFACE MOUNT	0 ohm		155 Cel		70 Cel	METAL STRIP	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0603	2	SMT	ONE SURFACE	Fixed Resistors	-55 Cel		TIN	.25 mm		RATED CURRENT: 22.4A	1.6 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	.8 mm
PMR10EZPFV3L00	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.003 ohm	.5 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL PLATE	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0805	2	SMT	ONE SURFACE	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	150	TIN	.42 mm			2 mm	e3		1.2 mm
PMR25HZPFV3L00	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.003 ohm	1 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL PLATE	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, Embossed, 7 Inch	1210	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL	.52 mm			3.2 mm	e3		2.5 mm
SFR03EZPJ000	ROHM	JUMPER	SURFACE MOUNT	0 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel			.45 mm		ANTI-SULFUR, RATED CURRENT: 1A	1.6 mm		AEC-Q200; IATF 16949	.8 mm
ESR18EZPJ000	ROHM	JUMPER	SURFACE MOUNT	0 ohm	.5 W	155 Cel		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel			.55 mm			3.2 mm			1.6 mm
ESR10EZPJ222	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	2200 ohm	.4 W	155 Cel	5 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	200	TIN OVER NICKEL	.55 mm	150 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	2 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	1.25 mm
ESR18EZPJ101	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 ohm	.5 W	155 Cel	5 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	200	TIN OVER NICKEL	.55 mm	200 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	3.2 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	1.6 mm
ESR01MZPF1001	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	1000 ohm	.2 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL	.35 mm	50 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	1 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	.5 mm
ESR03EZPJ471	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	470 ohm	.25 W	155 Cel	5 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	200	TIN OVER NICKEL	.45 mm	150 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	1.6 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	.8 mm
ESR18EZPJ150	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	15 ohm	.5 W	155 Cel	5 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	200	TIN OVER NICKEL	.55 mm	200 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	3.2 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	1.6 mm
MCR01MZPJ100	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	5 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	200	TIN OVER NICKEL	.35 mm	50 V		1 mm	e3		.5 mm
MCR10EZHJ000	ROHM	JUMPER	SURFACE MOUNT	0 ohm	.125 W	155 Cel		70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	Fixed Resistors	-55 Cel		Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	.55 mm		RATED CURRENT: 2A	2 mm	e3		1.25 mm
PMR10EZPFU5L00	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.005 ohm	.5 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL PLATE	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0805	2	SMT	ONE SURFACE	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	150	TIN	.42 mm			2 mm	e3		1.2 mm
ESR18EZPF1R00	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	1 ohm	.5 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	100	TIN OVER NICKEL	.55 mm	200 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	3.2 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	1.6 mm
ESR18EZPJ623	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	62000 ohm	.5 W	155 Cel	5 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	200	TIN OVER NICKEL	.55 mm	200 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	3.2 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	1.6 mm
ESR18EZPJ683	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	68000 ohm	.5 W	155 Cel	5 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	1206	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	200	TIN OVER NICKEL	.55 mm	200 V	LASER TRIMMABLE, STANDARD: TS 16949	3.2 mm	e3	AEC-Q200	1.6 mm
LTR10EVHFLR220	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.22 ohm	.5 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM		Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0508	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND		-55 Cel	150	TIN OVER NICKEL	.55 mm		AEC-Q200, IEC60115-8	1.2 mm	e3	IEC60115-1	2 mm
MCR01MZPJ473	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	47000 ohm	.063 W	155 Cel	5 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	200	TIN OVER NICKEL	.35 mm	50 V		1 mm	e3		.5 mm
MCR03EZPJ103	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10000 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	5 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	200	TIN OVER NICKEL	.45 mm	50 V		1.6 mm	e3		.8 mm
MCR03EZPJ512	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	5100 ohm	.1 W	155 Cel	5 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Rectangular	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0603	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	200	TIN OVER NICKEL	.45 mm	50 V		1.6 mm	e3		.8 mm
MCR10ERTF1002	ROHM	FIXED RESISTOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10000 ohm	.125 W	155 Cel	1 %	70 Cel	METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	Chip	TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0805	2	SMT	WRAPAROUND	FIXED RESISTOR	-55 Cel	100	Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	.5 mm	150 V		2 mm	e3	TS 16949	1.25 mm

Fixed Resistors

Fixed resistors are passive electronic components that are used to resist the flow of electric current in a circuit. They have a fixed value of resistance, meaning their resistance cannot be adjusted once they are manufactured. They are commonly used to set the bias of transistors, control the gain of amplifiers, or limit the current flowing through an LED. Fixed resistors come in various sizes, power ratings, and tolerances.

There are two types of fixed resistors: through-hole and surface mount. Through-hole resistors have leads that are inserted into holes on the printed circuit board (PCB), while surface mount resistors have terminals that are soldered directly to the surface of the PCB. Through-hole resistors are larger and easier to work with, but surface mount resistors are smaller and more suitable for miniaturized electronic devices.

Fixed resistors can be made from a variety of materials, including carbon, metal, and wire-wound. Carbon resistors are inexpensive and widely used, but they have a lower tolerance and are more susceptible to noise than other types. Metal film resistors have a higher tolerance and better stability, making them ideal for use in precision circuits. Wire-wound resistors have a higher power rating and are used in high power applications, such as power supplies and amplifiers.