Maxim Integrated Temperature Sensors 672

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Sensors or Transducers Type Mounting Feature No. of Terminals Output Type Package Shape or Style Package Body Material Maximum Supply Voltage Technology Screening Level No. of Bits Maximum Accuracy (Cel) Body Length/Diameter Body Width Power Supplies (V) Resistance Package Equivalence Code Sub-Category Body Height Minimum Supply Voltage Maximum Operating Temperature Minimum Responsivity Minimum Output Voltage Resistance Tolerance Minimum Operating Temperature Temperature Coef (ppm/Cel) Terminal Finish Maximum Output Voltage Termination Type Output Interface Type Nominal R0 Maximum Operating Current Linearity (Cel) Nominal Output Current Additional Features Housing JESD-609 Code

DS1721S

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

1

4.88 mm

3.91 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.395 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1.25 mA

COMPLIANCE TO MIL-150

PLASTIC

e0

DS1721S/T&R

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

1

4.88 mm

3.91 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.395 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1.25 mA

COMPLIANCE TO MIL-150

PLASTIC

e0

MAX6605MXK-T

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

5

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

0.75

2 mm

1.25 inch

3/5

TSSOP5/6,.08

Other Sensors

.95 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

POSITIVE

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

10 mA

0.40

PLASTIC

e0

DS1731U

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

1

3 mm

3 inch

3/5

TSSOP8,.19

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.1 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1.25 mA

PLASTIC

e0

MAX1617MEE

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

16

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

8

3

4.89 mm

3.9 inch

3.3

SSOP16,.25

Other Sensors

1.64 mm

3 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.18 mA

IT ALSO OPERATES AT 0.07 MA SUPPLY CURRENT

PLASTIC

e0

MAX7500MUA

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

9

3

3 mm

3 inch

3.3/5

TSSOP8,.19

Other Sensors

1.55 mm

3 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.25 mA

THERMAL WATCHDOG

e0

DS1821

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

3

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

8

1

4.57 mm

3.04 inch

3/5

SIP3,.1,50

Other Sensors

8.89 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

1-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

PLASTIC

e0

DS1821+

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

3

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

8

1

4.57 mm

3.04 inch

3/5

SIP3,.1,50

Other Sensors

8.89 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

SOLDER

1-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

PLASTIC

e3

DS1621V/T&R

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

9

4.88 mm

3.91 inch

3/5

SOP8,.3

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.395 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1.25 mA

COMPLIANCE TO MIL-208

PLASTIC

e0

DS1621V

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

9

4.88 mm

3.91 inch

3/5

SOP8,.3

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.395 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1.25 mA

COMPLIANCE TO MIL-208

PLASTIC

e0

DS75U/T&R

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

12

2

3 mm

3 inch

3/5

TSSOP8,.19

Other Sensors

1.1 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

PLASTIC

e0

DS1620S+T&R/C01

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

RECTANGULAR

5.5 V

12

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

SOLDER

3-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

COMPLIANCE TO MIL-208

e3

DS60R/T&R

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

3

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

2

2.79 mm

1.27 inch

3/5

TO-236

Other Sensors/Transducers

.88 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

.17 V

-40 Cel

POSITIVE

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

1.2 V

SOLDER

.12 mA

0.80

PLASTIC

e0

MAX6607IXK-T

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

5

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.6 V

BICMOS

2

2 mm

1.25 inch

2/3.3

TSSOP5/6,.08

Other Sensors

.9 mm

1.8 V

85 Cel

-20 Cel

POSITIVE

TIN LEAD

500 V

SOLDER

.01 mA

PLASTIC

e0

MAX6613MXK-T

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

5

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

BICMOS

4

2 mm

1.25 inch

2/5

TSSOP5/6,.08

Other Sensors

.9 mm

1.8 V

130 Cel

-55 Cel

NEGATIVE

TIN LEAD

1.84 V

SOLDER

0.40

PLASTIC

e0

MAX6697EP38

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

e0

MAX6697EP38+

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

MATTE TIN

e3

DS1631S/T&R

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

0.50

4.88 mm

3.91 inch

3/5

SOP8,.3

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.395 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1.25 mA

COMPLIANCE TO MIL-208

PLASTIC

e0

MAX7500MSA-T

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

9

3

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

3.3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.55 mm

3 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.25 mA

THERMAL WATCHDOG

e0

DS1775R1/T&R

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

5

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

2

2.9 mm

1.625 inch

3/5

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Other Sensors

1.25 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

PLASTIC

e0

DS1631S

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

0.50

4.88 mm

3.91 inch

3/5

SOP8,.3

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.395 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1.25 mA

COMPLIANCE TO MIL-208

PLASTIC

e0

MAX6627MKA#TG16

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

5.5 V

BICMOS

12

5.50

2.9 mm

1.625 inch

1.25 mm

3 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

SOLDER

3-WIRE INTERFACE

.4 mA

e3

DS75S

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

12

2

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.75 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

COMPLIANCE TO MIL-150

PLASTIC

e0

MAX6510HAUT-T

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,DUAL TRIP POINT

SURFACE MOUNT

6

RECTANGULAR

5.5 V

4.7

2.9 mm

1.625 inch

TSOP6,.11,37

1.1 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

NEGATIVE/POSITIVE

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

.165 mA

PLASTIC

MAX1617AMEE-T

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

16

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

8

3

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

3.3

SSOP16,.25

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.75 mm

3 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.18 mA

PLASTIC

e0

DS75U-C12/T&R

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

12

2

3 mm

3 inch

3/5

TSSOP8,.19

Other Sensors

1.1 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

e0

DS1721S/T&R+W

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

DS18B20X

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

2

49.02 mm

33.52 inch

3.3/5

FLIP CHIP

Switch/Digital Output Temperature Sensors

17.52 mm

3 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

1-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

e0

DS1822

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

3

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

2

4.7 mm

3.62 inch

3.3/5

SIP3,.1,50

Other Sensors/Transducers

4.63 mm

3 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

1-WIRE INTERFACE

1.5 mA

PLASTIC

e0

MAX6626PMUT#TG16

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

RECTANGULAR

5.5 V

12

2

2.9 mm

1.625 inch

1.25 mm

3 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

SOLDER

I2C INTERFACE

e3

MAX6635MSA-T

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

BICMOS

12

2.50

4.89 mm

3.9 inch

3.3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.72 mm

3 V

150 Cel

-55 Cel

POSITIVE

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

I2C INTERFACE

.2 mA

PLASTIC

e0

DS1822-PAR

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

3

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

2

3.3/5

SIP3,.1,50

Other Sensors

3 V

100 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

1-WIRE INTERFACE

1.5 mA

PARASITE POWER SUPPPLY

PLASTIC

e0

DS1822/T&R

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

3

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

2

4.7 mm

3.62 inch

3.3/5

SIP3,.1,50

Other Sensors/Transducers

4.63 mm

3 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

1-WIRE INTERFACE

1.5 mA

PLASTIC

e0

MAX1669EEE-T

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

RECTANGULAR

5.5 V

8

3

4.89 mm

3.9 inch

1.47 mm

3 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.36 mA

PLASTIC

e0

MAX6610AUT-T

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

6

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

BICMOS

1

2.9 mm

1.62 inch

3.3/5

TSOP6,.11,37

Other Sensors

1.1 mm

3 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

POSITIVE

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

.75 V

SOLDER

.25 mA

1

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT 100 PPM/DEG C

PLASTIC

e0

MAX1619MEE

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

16

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

8

3

4.89 mm

3.9 inch

3.3

SSOP16,.25

Other Sensors

1.47 mm

3 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

POSITIVE

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

12 mA

PLASTIC

e0

MAX6626PMUT-T

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

6

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

BICMOS

12

4

2.9 mm

1.62 inch

3.3/5

TSOP6,.11,37

Other Sensors

1.1 mm

3 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

I2C INTERFACE

.25 mA

PLASTIC

e0

MAX6667AUT-T

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

6

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

BICMOS

2.50

2.9 mm

1.625 inch

3.3/5

TSOP6,.11,37

Other Sensors

1.175 mm

3 V

125 Cel

.4 V

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

5.1 V

SOLDER

.5 mA

PLASTIC

e3

MAX6667AUT+T

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

6

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

BICMOS

2.50

2.9 mm

1.625 inch

3.3/5

TSOP6,.11,37

Other Sensors

1.25 mm

3 V

125 Cel

.4 V

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

SOLDER

.5 mA

e3

DS1624

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

13

9.375 mm

7.62 inch

3/5

DIP8,.3

Other Sensors/Transducers

5.08 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

COMPLIANCE TO MIL-300

PLASTIC

e0

MAX6627MKA#T

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

RECTANGULAR

5.5 V

12

3 mm

3 inch

.8 mm

3 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

SOLDER

3-WIRE INTERFACE

.2 mA

PLASTIC

MAX6627MKA-T

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

5.5 V

BICMOS

12

5.50

2.9 mm

1.62 inch

1.45 mm

3 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

3-WIRE INTERFACE

.2 mA

PLASTIC

e0

MAX6653AEE

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

RECTANGULAR

5.5 V

1

4.89 mm

3.9 inch

1.46 mm

3 V

125 Cel

.8 V

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

2.6 V

SOLDER

1 mA

PLASTIC

e0

MAX6673AXK-T

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

5

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

BICMOS

2 mm

1.25 inch

3/5

TSSOP5/6,.08

Other Sensors

1.1 mm

2.4 V

125 Cel

.4 V

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

5 V

SOLDER

.15 mA

PLASTIC

e0

DS1722S/T&R

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

2

4.88 mm

3.91 inch

2/5,3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.55 mm

2.65 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

3-WIRE INTERFACE

.5 mA

COMPLIANCE TO MIL-150

PLASTIC

e0

DS1775R2/T&R

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

5

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

2

2.9 mm

1.625 inch

3/5

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Other Sensors

1.25 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

PLASTIC

e0

DS1775R3-U

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

5

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

2

2.9 mm

1.625 inch

3/5

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.25 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

PLASTIC

e0

DS1775R4/T&R

Maxim Integrated

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

5

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

12

2

2.9 mm

1.625 inch

3/5

TSOP5/6,.11,37

Other Sensors

1.25 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

PLASTIC

e0

Temperature Sensors

Temperature sensors are electronic devices that are used to measure the temperature of a system or environment. They are widely used in a variety of applications, including industrial, automotive, medical, and consumer electronics.

Temperature sensors work based on the principle of converting temperature into an electrical signal. This can be achieved using different sensing technologies, including thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermistors, and infrared sensors.

Thermocouples generate a voltage signal in response to temperature changes, while RTDs and thermistors change their resistance as the temperature changes. Infrared sensors measure the thermal radiation emitted by objects and use it to calculate the temperature.

Temperature sensors are used in a wide range of applications, including monitoring temperature in industrial processes, automotive engines, and medical devices. They are also used for temperature control in HVAC systems, refrigeration systems, and cooking appliances.