STMicroelectronics Temperature Sensors 52

Reset All
Part RoHS Manufacturer Sensors or Transducers Type Mounting Feature No. of Terminals Output Type Package Shape or Style Package Body Material Maximum Supply Voltage Technology Screening Level No. of Bits Maximum Accuracy (Cel) Body Length/Diameter Body Width Power Supplies (V) Resistance Package Equivalence Code Sub-Category Body Height Minimum Supply Voltage Maximum Operating Temperature Minimum Responsivity Minimum Output Voltage Resistance Tolerance Minimum Operating Temperature Temperature Coef (ppm/Cel) Terminal Finish Maximum Output Voltage Termination Type Output Interface Type Nominal R0 Maximum Operating Current Linearity (Cel) Nominal Output Current Additional Features Housing JESD-609 Code

STLM20W87F

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

6

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

1.50

2 mm

1.25 inch

3/5

TSSOP6,.08

Other Sensors

1.1 mm

2.7 V

130 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

SOLDER

.008 mA

0.4

e3

LM335AZT

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

3

ROUND

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

5 mm

4 inch

SIP3,.1,50

Other Sensors/Transducers

5 mm

100 Cel

2.95 V

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

3.01 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1.5

PLASTIC

e3

STLM75DS2F

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

9

3

4.8 mm

3.8 inch

3/5

TSSOP8,.19

Other Sensors

1.75 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.15 mA

CMOS COMPATIBLE, THERMAL WATCHDOG

PLASTIC

e3

STLM75M2F

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

9

3

2.8 mm

2.8 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.1 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.15 mA

CMOS COMPATIBLE, THERMAL WATCHDOG

PLASTIC

e4

LM235Z

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

3

ROUND

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

5 mm

4 inch

SIP3,.1,50

Other Sensors/Transducers

5 mm

125 Cel

2.95 V

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

3.01 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1

PLASTIC

e3

LIS2DTW12TR

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

LM335ADT

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.75 mm

100 Cel

2.95 V

-40 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

3.01 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1.5

PLASTIC

e4

STTS22HTR

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

SQUARE

3.6 V

16

1

2 mm

2 inch

.55 mm

1.5 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.18 mA

LM335DT

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.75 mm

100 Cel

2.92 V

-40 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

3.04 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1

PLASTIC

e4

LM135Z

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

3

ROUND

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

5 mm

4 inch

SIP3,.1,50

Other Sensors/Transducers

5 mm

150 Cel

2.95 V

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

3.01 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1

PLASTIC

e3

LM335D

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.3

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.75 mm

100 Cel

2.92 V

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

3.04 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1

PLASTIC

e3

STTS751-0DP3F

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

6

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.6 V

10

2.5

2 mm

2 inch

SOLCC6,.08,25

.5 mm

2.25 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

e3

STLM20W89F

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

RECTANGULAR

5.5 V

1.50

2 mm

1.25 inch

1.1 mm

2.7 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

.008 mA

0.4

10 uA

STDS75DS2F

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

9

3

3 mm

3 inch

3/5

TSSOP8,.19

Other Sensors

1.1 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.15 mA

CMOS COMPATIBLE, THERMAL WATCHDOG

e3

STTS75M2F

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

9

3

4.8 mm

3.8 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.75 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.1 mA

CMOS COMPATIBLE, THERMAL WATCHDOG

PLASTIC

e4

STLM20DD9F

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

4

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

1.50

1.3 mm

1 inch

3/5

SOLCC4,.05,20

Other Sensors

.5 mm

2.7 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

SOLDER

.008 mA

0.4

10 uA

e4

STTS2004B2DN3F

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.6 V

10

1

3 mm

2 inch

2.5/3.3

SOLCC8,.12,20

Other Sensors/Transducers

.75 mm

2.2 V

125 Cel

-20 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.35 mA

e4

LM235DT

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.75 mm

125 Cel

2.95 V

-40 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

3.01 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1

PLASTIC

e4

STTS75DS2F

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

9

3

2.8 mm

2.8 inch

3/5

TSSOP8,.19

Other Sensors

1.1 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.1 mA

CMOS COMPATIBLE, THERMAL WATCHDOG

e3

LM135DT

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.55 mm

100 Cel

2.5 V

-40 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

10 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1

PLASTIC

e4

STCN75M2E

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

9

3

4.8 mm

3.8 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.75 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.15 mA

THERMAL WATCHDOG

PLASTIC

e4

STCN75DS2F

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

9

3

2.8 mm

2.8 inch

3/5

TSSOP8,.2

Other Sensors

1.1 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.15 mA

THERMAL WATCHDOG

e3

STCN75DS2E

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

9

3

2.8 mm

2.8 inch

3/5

TSSOP8,.19

Other Sensors

1.1 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.15 mA

THERMAL WATCHDOG

STDS75M2F

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

9

3

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.75 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.15 mA

CMOS COMPATIBLE, THERMAL WATCHDOG

PLASTIC

e4

STCN75M2F

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

9

3

4.8 mm

3.8 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.75 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.15 mA

CMOS COMPATIBLE, THERMAL WATCHDOG

PLASTIC

e4

STDS75M2E

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

9

3

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.75 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.15 mA

CMOS COMPATIBLE, THERMAL WATCHDOG

PLASTIC

e4

STDS75DS2E

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

9

3

3 mm

3 inch

3/5

TSSOP8,.19

Other Sensors

1.1 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.15 mA

CMOS COMPATIBLE, THERMAL WATCHDOG

LM135Z-AP

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

3

ROUND

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

5 mm

4 inch

SIP3,.1,50

Other Sensors

5 mm

100 Cel

2.5 V

-40 Cel

10 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1

PLASTIC

STTS75M2E

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

9

3

4.8 mm

3.8 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.75 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.1 mA

CMOS COMPATIBLE, THERMAL WATCHDOG

PLASTIC

e4

STLM75M2E

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

9

3

2.8 mm

2.8 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.1 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.15 mA

CMOS COMPATIBLE, THERMAL WATCHDOG

PLASTIC

e4

STTS424E02CDA6E

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.6 V

10

3

3 mm

2 inch

3/3.3

SOLCC8,.11,20

Other Sensors

.9 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

2 mA

HYSTERESIS IS 500MV

LM235Z-AP

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

3

ROUND

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

5 mm

4 inch

SIP3,.1,50

Other Sensors

5 mm

100 Cel

2.5 V

-40 Cel

10 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1

PLASTIC

STTS424E02BDN3F

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.6 V

10

3

3 mm

2 inch

3/3.3

SOLCC8,.11,20

Other Sensors

.75 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

2 mA

HYSTERESIS IS 500MV

e4

STTS22H

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

SQUARE

3.6 V

16

1

2 mm

2 inch

.55 mm

1.5 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.18 mA

STLM75DS2E

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

9

3

4.8 mm

3.8 inch

3/5

TSSOP8,.19

Other Sensors

1.75 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.15 mA

CMOS COMPATIBLE, THERMAL WATCHDOG

PLASTIC

STTS424E02BDA6E

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.6 V

10

3

3 mm

2 inch

3/3.3

SOLCC8,.11,20

Other Sensors

.9 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

2 mA

HYSTERESIS IS 500MV

e3

LM335AZ-AP

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

3

ROUND

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

5 mm

4 inch

SIP3,.1,50

Other Sensors

5 mm

100 Cel

3 V

-40 Cel

14 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1.50

PLASTIC

STTS424E02BDN3E

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.6 V

10

3

3 mm

2 inch

3/3.3

SOLCC8,.11,20

Other Sensors

.8 mm

2.7 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

2 mA

HYSTERESIS IS 500MV

LM235D

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.3

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.75 mm

125 Cel

2.95 V

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

3.01 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1

PLASTIC

e3

LM135ZT

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

3

ROUND

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

5 mm

4 inch

SIP3,.1,50

Other Sensors

5 mm

150 Cel

2.95 V

-55 Cel

3.01 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1

PLASTIC

STTS751-1DP3F

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

6

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.6 V

10

2.5

2 mm

2 inch

SOLCC6,.08,25

.5 mm

2.25 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

e3

LM235ZT

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

3

ROUND

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

5 mm

4 inch

SIP3,.1,50

Other Sensors

5 mm

125 Cel

2.95 V

-40 Cel

3.01 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1

PLASTIC

STLM20DD7F

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

4

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

1.50

1.3 mm

1 inch

3/5

SOLCC4,.05,20

Other Sensors

.5 mm

2.7 V

130 Cel

-55 Cel

SOLDER

.008 mA

0.4

LM335ZT

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

3

ROUND

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

5 mm

4 inch

SIP3,.1,50

Other Sensors

5 mm

100 Cel

2.95 V

-40 Cel

3.01 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1

PLASTIC

STTS75DS2E

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

9

3

2.8 mm

2.8 inch

3/5

TSSOP8,.19

Other Sensors

1.1 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.1 mA

CMOS COMPATIBLE, THERMAL WATCHDOG

LM135D

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.55 mm

100 Cel

2.5 V

-40 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

10 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1

PLASTIC

e4

STTS424E02CDA6F

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.6 V

10

4

3 mm

2 inch

3/3.3

SOLCC8,.11,20

Other Sensors

.85 mm

2.7 V

85 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

2 mA

HYSTERESIS IS 500MV

STTS2002B2DN3E

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.6 V

12

1

2.5/3.3

SOLCC8,.12,20

Other Sensors

2.3 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

16 mA

Temperature Sensors

Temperature sensors are electronic devices that are used to measure the temperature of a system or environment. They are widely used in a variety of applications, including industrial, automotive, medical, and consumer electronics.

Temperature sensors work based on the principle of converting temperature into an electrical signal. This can be achieved using different sensing technologies, including thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermistors, and infrared sensors.

Thermocouples generate a voltage signal in response to temperature changes, while RTDs and thermistors change their resistance as the temperature changes. Infrared sensors measure the thermal radiation emitted by objects and use it to calculate the temperature.

Temperature sensors are used in a wide range of applications, including monitoring temperature in industrial processes, automotive engines, and medical devices. They are also used for temperature control in HVAC systems, refrigeration systems, and cooking appliances.