RECTANGULAR Analog Data Transmission Interfaces 228

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Telecom IC Type Temperature Grade Terminal Form No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Package Body Material Surface Mount No. of Functions No. of Channels Technology Nominal Negative Supply Voltage Maximum Supply Current Nominal Supply Voltage Hybrid Power Supplies (V) Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Sub-Category Terminal Pitch Maximum Operating Temperature Maximum Noise Battery Supply (V) Minimum Operating Temperature Terminal Finish Terminal Position Data Rate JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Seated Height Width Qualification Minimum Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) Additional Features Battery Feed JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Length

TCM4207AJ-00

Texas Instruments

SLIC

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

1

-5 V

13 mA

5 V

IN-LINE

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T24

Not Qualified

TCM4204AJ-00

Texas Instruments

SLIC

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

1

-5 V

13 mA

5 V

IN-LINE

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T24

Not Qualified

DS32EV100SDX/NOPB

Texas Instruments

LINE EQUALIZER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

14

HVSON

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

2.5 V

2.5/3.3

SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE

SOLCC14,.12,20

Other Telecom ICs

.5 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

DUAL

R-PDSO-N14

1

.8 mm

3 mm

Not Qualified

e3

30

260

4 mm

SN65LVCP1414RLJT

Texas Instruments

LINE EQUALIZER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

38

HVQCCN

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

4

2.5 V

2.5/3.3

CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE

LCC38,.2X.28,20

Other Telecom ICs

.5 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

QUAD

R-PQCC-N38

3

.8 mm

5 mm

Not Qualified

e4

30

260

7 mm

TCM4207AJW-00

Texas Instruments

SLIC

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

24

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

1

CMOS

-5 V

5 V

IN-LINE

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T24

5.72 mm

15.24 mm

Not Qualified

32.05 mm

SN65LVCP1414RLJR

Texas Instruments

LINE EQUALIZER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

38

HVQCCN

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

4

2.5 V

2.5/3.3

CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE

LCC38,.2X.28,20

Other Telecom ICs

.5 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

QUAD

R-PQCC-N38

3

.8 mm

5 mm

Not Qualified

e4

30

260

7 mm

DS64EV100SDX

Texas Instruments

LINE EQUALIZER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

14

HVSON

RECTANGULAR

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

2.5 V

SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE

.5 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-XDSO-N14

1

.8 mm

3 mm

Not Qualified

e0

4 mm

LMH0024MAE/NOPB

Texas Instruments

LINE EQUALIZER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

16

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

.077 mA

3.3 V

SMALL OUTLINE

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

DUAL

540 Mbps

R-PDSO-G16

1

1.75 mm

3.91 mm

e3

30

260

9.9 mm

LMH0024MA

Texas Instruments

LINE EQUALIZER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

16

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

.077 mA

3.3 V

3.3

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP16,.25

Other Telecom ICs

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G16

1

1.753 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

e0

20

235

9.902 mm

LMH0034MAX/NOPB

Texas Instruments

LINE EQUALIZER

OTHER

GULL WING

16

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

.077 mA

3.3 V

3.3

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP16,.25

Other Telecom ICs

1.27 mm

85 Cel

0 Cel

MATTE TIN

DUAL

1485 Mbps

R-PDSO-G16

1

1.75 mm

3.91 mm

Not Qualified

e3

30

260

9.9 mm

LMH0024MAX/NOPB

Texas Instruments

LINE EQUALIZER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

16

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

.077 mA

3.3 V

3.3

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP16,.25

Other Telecom ICs

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

DUAL

540 Mbps

R-PDSO-G16

1

1.75 mm

3.91 mm

Not Qualified

e3

30

260

9.9 mm

LMH0034MA

Texas Instruments

LINE EQUALIZER

OTHER

GULL WING

16

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

.077 mA

3.3 V

3.3

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP16,.25

Other Telecom ICs

1.27 mm

85 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

1485 Mbps

R-PDSO-G16

1

1.753 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

e0

20

235

9.902 mm

LMH0024MAX

Texas Instruments

LINE EQUALIZER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

16

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

.077 mA

3.3 V

3.3

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP16,.25

Other Telecom ICs

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G16

1

1.753 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

e0

20

235

9.902 mm

LMH0024MA/NOPB

Texas Instruments

LINE EQUALIZER

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

16

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

.077 mA

3.3 V

SMALL OUTLINE

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

DUAL

540 Mbps

R-PDSO-G16

1

1.75 mm

3.91 mm

e3

30

260

9.9 mm

LMH0034MAX

Texas Instruments

LINE EQUALIZER

OTHER

GULL WING

16

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

.077 mA

3.3 V

3.3

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP16,.25

Other Telecom ICs

1.27 mm

85 Cel

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G16

1

1.753 mm

3.9 mm

Not Qualified

e0

20

235

9.902 mm

MAX14986ETI+

Analog Devices

LINE EQUALIZER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

28

HVQCCN

RECTANGULAR

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

BICMOS

.22 mA

3.3 V

3.3

CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE

LCC28,.14X.22,20

Other Telecom ICs

.5 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

QUAD

R-XQCC-N28

1

.85 mm

3.5 mm

Not Qualified

e3

30

260

5.5 mm

MAX14954ETO+

Analog Devices

LINE EQUALIZER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

42

HVQCCN

RECTANGULAR

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

BICMOS

3.3 V

CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE

.5 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

QUAD

R-XQCC-N42

1

.8 mm

3.5 mm

e3

30

260

9 mm

MAX14986ETI+T

Analog Devices

LINE EQUALIZER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

28

HVQCCN

RECTANGULAR

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

BICMOS

.22 mA

3.3 V

3.3

CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE

LCC28,.14X.22,20

Other Telecom ICs

.5 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

QUAD

R-XQCC-N28

1

.85 mm

3.5 mm

Not Qualified

e3

30

260

5.5 mm

MAX14950CTO+

Analog Devices

LINE EQUALIZER

COMMERCIAL

NO LEAD

42

HVQCCN

RECTANGULAR

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

BICMOS

.41 mA

3.3 V

3.3

CHIP CARRIER

LCC42,.14X.35,20

Other Telecom ICs

.5 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

QUAD

R-PQCC-N42

1

.8 mm

3.5 mm

Not Qualified

e3

30

260

9 mm

MAX14980ETO+

Analog Devices

LINE EQUALIZER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

42

HVQCCN

RECTANGULAR

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

BICMOS

.44 mA

3.3 V

3.3

CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE

LCC42,.14X.35,20

Other Telecom ICs

.5 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

QUAD

R-XQCC-N42

1

.8 mm

3.5 mm

Not Qualified

e3

30

260

9 mm

MAX14950CTO+T

Analog Devices

LINE EQUALIZER

COMMERCIAL

NO LEAD

42

HVQCCN

RECTANGULAR

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

BICMOS

3.3 V

CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE

.5 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

QUAD

R-XQCC-N42

1

.8 mm

3.5 mm

e3

30

260

9 mm

MAX14980ETO+T

Analog Devices

LINE EQUALIZER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

42

HVQCCN

RECTANGULAR

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

BICMOS

3.3 V

CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE

.5 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

QUAD

R-XQCC-N42

1

.8 mm

3.5 mm

e3

30

260

9 mm

MAX14954ETO+T

Analog Devices

LINE EQUALIZER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

42

HVQCCN

RECTANGULAR

UNSPECIFIED

YES

1

BICMOS

3.3 V

CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE

.5 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

QUAD

R-XQCC-N42

1

.8 mm

3.5 mm

e3

30

260

9 mm

MAX24104ELT+T

Analog Devices

LINE EQUALIZER

INDUSTRIAL

NO LEAD

34

QCCN

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

BICMOS

305 mA

2.5 V

2.5

CHIP CARRIER

LCC34,.16X.28,20

Analog Transmission Interfaces

.5 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

QUAD

R-PQCC-N34

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

MAX24104ELT+

Analog Devices

LINE EQUALIZER

INDUSTRIAL

BUTT

34

HLGA

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BICMOS

2.5 V

GRID ARRAY, HEAT SINK/SLUG

.5 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

BOTTOM

R-PBGA-B34

1.14 mm

4 mm

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

6.5 mm

L3000SX-VM

STMicroelectronics

SLIC

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

15

SIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

BIPOLAR

-5 V

5 V

2-4 CONVERSION

5

IN-LINE

SIP15,.1

Analog Transmission Interfaces

1.9 mm

70 Cel

-48 AND +72

0 Cel

TIN LEAD

SINGLE

R-PSIP-T15

17.05 mm

Not Qualified

30 dB

RESISTIVE

e0

29 mm

TDB7711

STMicroelectronics

SLIC

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

28

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BIPOLAR

-5 V

24 mA

5 V

2-4 CONVERSION

+-5

IN-LINE

DIP28,.6

Analog Transmission Interfaces

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-30 TO -72

0 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T28

Not Qualified

20 dB

RESISTIVE

e0

L3000SX-77

STMicroelectronics

SLIC

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

20

HSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BIPOLAR

5 V

2-4 CONVERSION

5

SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG

SOP20,.56

Analog Transmission Interfaces

1.27 mm

120 Cel

-48 AND +72

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G20

3.6 mm

11 mm

Not Qualified

30 dB

RESISTIVE

e0

15.9 mm

L3000SX

STMicroelectronics

SLIC

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

20

HSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BIPOLAR

5 V

2-4 CONVERSION

5

SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG

SOP20,.56

Analog Transmission Interfaces

1.27 mm

120 Cel

-48 AND +72

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G20

3.7 mm

11 mm

Not Qualified

30 dB

RESISTIVE

e0

15.9 mm

L3845

STMicroelectronics

OTHER

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

20 V

20

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Analog Transmission Interfaces

2.54 mm

70 Cel

-40 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

Not Qualified

e0

L3000SX-VC

STMicroelectronics

SLIC

INDUSTRIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

15

SIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1

BIPOLAR

5 V

2-4 CONVERSION

5

IN-LINE

SIP15,.1,75

Analog Transmission Interfaces

1.9 mm

120 Cel

-48 AND +72

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

SINGLE

R-PSIP-T15

4.5 mm

Not Qualified

30 dB

RESISTIVE

e0

29.23 mm

TDB7722

STMicroelectronics

SLIC

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

15

ZIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BIPOLAR

-5 V

24 mA

5 V

2-4 CONVERSION

+-5

IN-LINE

ZIP15,.2,.17TB

Analog Transmission Interfaces

1.27 mm

70 Cel

-30 TO -72

0 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

ZIG-ZAG

R-PZIP-T15

Not Qualified

20 dB

RESISTIVE

e0

EF7333

STMicroelectronics

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

28

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

MOS

5 V

5

IN-LINE

DIP28,.6

Analog Transmission Interfaces

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-XDIP-T28

Not Qualified

e0

MC1430132DW

NXP Semiconductors

SLIC

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

28

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5 V

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP28,.4

Analog Transmission Interfaces

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-18 TO -72

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G28

Not Qualified

CONSTANT CURRENT

PTN3944EWY

NXP Semiconductors

LINE EQUALIZER

NO LEAD

36

HVFLGA

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

270 mA

1.8 V

GRID ARRAY, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH

LCC36,.08X.24,16

.4 mm

85 Cel

-20 Cel

BOTTOM

R-PBGA-N36

3

.677 mm

2.1 mm

260

6 mm

MC34016DW

NXP Semiconductors

SLIC

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

20

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

5 V

SMALL OUTLINE

1.27 mm

70 Cel

-20 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G20

2.65 mm

7.5 mm

Not Qualified

12.8 mm

DL207DAA

Infineon Technologies

SLIC

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

24

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

1.2 mm

4.4 mm

Not Qualified

7.8 mm

PEF4268T

Infineon Technologies

SLIC

GULL WING

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

SMALL OUTLINE

1.27 mm

MATTE TIN

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

2.65 mm

7.6 mm

e3

15.6 mm

PEB4265-2

Infineon Technologies

SLIC

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

20

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BIPOLAR

.0013 mA

5 V

2-4 CONVERSION

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP20,.56

Analog Transmission Interfaces

1.27 mm

70 Cel

-24 AND -48

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G20

3.7 mm

11 mm

Not Qualified

25 dB

RESISTIVE

15.9 mm

PBL38611/2SHS

Infineon Technologies

SLIC

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

28

SSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BIPOLAR

-5 V

5 V

SMALL OUTLINE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G28

2 mm

5.3 mm

Not Qualified

10.2 mm

PBL38773/1SO

Infineon Technologies

SLIC

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

28

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BIPOLAR

5 V

SMALL OUTLINE

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G28

2.64 mm

7.5 mm

Not Qualified

17.83 mm

PBL38621/2SO

Infineon Technologies

SLIC

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BIPOLAR

5 V

SMALL OUTLINE

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

2.65 mm

7.6 mm

Not Qualified

15.6 mm

PEF4065

Infineon Technologies

SLIC

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

20

HSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

-5 V

5 V

+-5

SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG

SOP20,.56

Analog Transmission Interfaces

1.27 mm

85 Cel

-24 TO -80

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G20

3.7 mm

11 mm

Not Qualified

50 dB

RESISTIVE

e0

15.9 mm

PBL38640/2SH

Infineon Technologies

SLIC

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

24

SSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BIPOLAR

5 V

SMALL OUTLINE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

1.99 mm

5.3 mm

Not Qualified

8.2 mm

PEF4365T

Infineon Technologies

SLIC

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

36

HSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

3.3 V

SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

DUAL

R-PDSO-G36

3.5 mm

11 mm

Not Qualified

e3

15.9 mm

PBL38621/2SOT

Infineon Technologies

SLIC

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

24

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BIPOLAR

.004 mA

5 V

2-4 CONVERSION

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP24,.4

Analog Transmission Interfaces

1.27 mm

85 Cel

12 dBrnC

-40 TO -58

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

2.65 mm

7.5 mm

Not Qualified

30 dB

CONSTANT CURRENT

15.4 mm

PBL38621/2SH

Infineon Technologies

SLIC

INDUSTRIAL

GULL WING

24

SSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BIPOLAR

5 V

SMALL OUTLINE, SHRINK PITCH

.65 mm

85 Cel

-40 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G24

1.99 mm

5.3 mm

Not Qualified

8.2 mm

PEB4550

Infineon Technologies

SLIC

GULL WING

20

HSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

1

BICMOS

SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG

1.27 mm

DUAL

R-PDSO-G20

3.7 mm

11 mm

Not Qualified

15.9 mm

Analog Data Transmission Interfaces

Analog data transmission interfaces are used to transmit analog signals between electronic devices. They are commonly used in a variety of applications, such as audio and video equipment, medical devices, and industrial control systems.

Analog data transmission interfaces typically consist of a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter converts the analog signal into a form that can be transmitted over a communication channel, such as a wire or radio frequency signal. The receiver then converts the transmitted signal back into its original analog form.

Some common types of analog data transmission interfaces include:

1. Analog audio interfaces: These are used to transmit audio signals between electronic devices, such as microphones, amplifiers, and speakers. Examples include XLR, RCA, and TRS connectors.

2. Composite video interfaces: These are used to transmit analog video signals, such as those used in standard definition television. Examples include RCA and BNC connectors.

3. VGA interfaces: These are used to transmit analog video signals from computers and other devices to displays, such as computer monitors and projectors.

4. Analog sensor interfaces: These are used to transmit analog signals from sensors, such as temperature sensors or pressure sensors, to electronic devices that can process and analyze the data.

Analog data transmission interfaces offer several advantages over digital interfaces. They are often simpler and less expensive to implement, and they can provide high-quality audio and video signals without the need for compression or conversion. However, they can also be susceptible to interference and noise, and their performance may be limited by the quality of the transmission channel.