330 uF Fixed Capacitors 816

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Capacitor Type Mounting Feature Capacitance Rated DC Voltage (URdc) Maximum Operating Temperature Dielectric Material Tan Delta Minimum Operating Temperature Temperature Coef (ppm/Cel) Terminal Finish Leakage Current (mA) Package Shape Polarity Manufacturer Series Height Width Ripple Current (mA) Diameter Multi-layer Equivalent Series Resistance / ESR (mohm ) Additional Features Packing Method Size Code JESD-609 Code Series No. of Terminals Package Style (Meter) Rated AC Voltage (URac) Length Terminal Shape Positive Tolerance Temperature Characteristics Code Reference Standard Negative Tolerance Custom Capabilities Terminal Pitch

EEVTG1H331Q

Panasonic

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

50 V

125 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.14

-40 Cel

TIN

0.165

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

13.5 mm

13.5 mm

390

12.5 mm

230

ESR IS MEASURED AT 100 KHZ

TR, EMBOSSED, 15 INCH

5353

e3

2

SMT

13.5 mm

FLAT

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

EKXJ201ELL331MMN3S

Nippon Chemi-con

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

330 uF

200 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.2

-40 Cel

TIN

2.74

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

1395

18 mm

BULK

e3

2

Radial

31.5 mm

WIRE

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

7.5 mm

EKZN500ELL331MJ20S

Nippon Chemi-con

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

330 uF

50 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.1

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

0.165

POLARIZED

1030

10 mm

BULK

e3

2

Radial

20 mm

WIRE

20 %

20 %

5 mm

ELG337M450AS6AA

KEMET Corporation

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

330 uF

450 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.2

-25 Cel

3.0

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

1400

30 mm

804

BULK

2

Snap-in

50 mm

SNAP-IN

20 %

20 %

EMZL350ARA331MHA0G

Nippon Chemi-con

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

35 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.12

-55 Cel

Tin/Bismuth (Sn/Bi)

0.1155

POLARIZED

10 mm

8.3 mm

425

8 mm

80

ESR is MEASURED AT 100KHZ,

TR, 15 INCH

3333

e6

2

SMT

8.3 mm

FLAT

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

F721C337MMCAQ2

KYOCERA AVX

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

16 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.45

-55 Cel

0.0528

POLARIZED

2 mm

6 mm

374

200

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, 7 INCH

2824

2

SMT

7.2 mm

WRAPAROUND

20 %

20 %

LQS2W331MELB40

Nichicon

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

330 uF

450 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.2

-25 Cel

MATTE TIN

1.15

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

1380

30 mm

BULK

e3

2

Snap-in

40 mm

SNAP-IN

20 %

20 %

10 mm

M39003/09-0009

Vishay Intertechnology

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

330 uF

6 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.12

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

0.0075

TUBULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

4300

8.92 mm

45

ESR IS MEASURED AT 100 KHZ, RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 40KHZ

BULK

e0

2

Axial

19.96 mm

WIRE

10 %

MIL-PRF-39003/09

10 %

M39018/04-0099

Cornell Dubilier Electronics

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

STUD MOUNT

330 uF

350 V

85 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

-55 Cel

0.54

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

1400

34.92 mm

480

2

Screw Ends

104.78 mm

BINDING POST

50 %

MIL-PRF-39018/4

10 %

T491D337K010AT7280

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

10 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.1

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL

0.033

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

2.8 mm

4.3 mm

219

500

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 13 INCH

2917

e3

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

10 %

10 %

T491D337K010ATAUTO

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

10 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.1

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL

.033

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

2.8 mm

4.3 mm

500

ESR IS MEASURED AT 100 KHZ

TR, 7 INCH

2917

e3

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

10 %

AEC-Q200

10 %

1.3 mm

T495D337K006ATE100

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

6.3 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.08

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL

0.0208

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

2.8 mm

4.3 mm

196

100

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2917

e3

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

10 %

10 %

T495X337K010ATE0607280

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

10 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.1

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

0.033

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

4 mm

4.3 mm

265.2

60

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 13 INCH

2917

e3

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

10 %

10 %

T520C337M2R5ATE015

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

2.5 V

105 Cel

TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)

0.08

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

0.0825

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

2.5 mm

3.2 mm

825

15

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2312

e3

2

SMT

6 mm

J BEND

20 %

20 %

T520V337M003ATE015

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

3 V

105 Cel

TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)

0.1

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

0.099

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

1.8 mm

4.3 mm

875

15

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2917

e3

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

20 %

20 %

T520X337M010ATE010

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

10 V

105 Cel

TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)

0.1

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

0.33

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

4 mm

4.3 mm

1250

10

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2917

e3

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

20 %

20 %

T521X337M016ATE050

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

16 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)

0.1

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

0.528

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

4 mm

4.3 mm

707.5

50

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2917

e3

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

20 %

20 %

T530X337M010ATE006

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

10 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)

0.08

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

0.33

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

4 mm

4.3 mm

1675

6

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2917

e3

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

20 %

20 %

T543D337M006ATW006

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

6.3 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)

0.1

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

0.208

POLARIZED

2.8 mm

4.3 mm

1531

6

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2917

e3

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

20 %

20 %

T543D337M2R5AHW025

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

2.5 V

105 Cel

TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)

0.1

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

0.083

POLARIZED

2.8 mm

4.3 mm

750

25

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2917

e0

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

20 %

20 %

T545X337K016ATE025

KEMET Corporation

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

16 V

105 Cel

TANTALUM (SOLID POLYMER)

0.1

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

0.528

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

4 mm

4.3 mm

787.5

25

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2917

e3

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

10 %

10 %

TPSD337M006R0050

KYOCERA AVX

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

6.3 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.08

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

0.0208

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

2.9 mm

4.3 mm

693

50

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2917

e3

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

20 %

20 %

TPSD337M006R0070

KYOCERA AVX

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

6.3 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.08

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

0.0208

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

2.9 mm

4.3 mm

586

70

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2917

e3

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

20 %

20 %

TPSD337M006R0070V

KYOCERA AVX

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

6.3 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)

0.08

-55 Cel

TIN

0.0208

POLARIZED

2.9 mm

4.3 mm

586

70

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2917

e3

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

20 %

20 %

UBT1H331MHD1TO

Nichicon

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

330 uF

50 V

125 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.1

-40 Cel

MATTE TIN

.495

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

BT

665

12.5 mm

AMMO PACK

e3

BT

2

Radial

20 mm

WIRE

20 %

20 %

5 mm

UCD0J331MCL1GS

Nichicon

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

6.3 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.26

-55 Cel

TIN BISMUTH

0.02079

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

7.7 mm

6.6 mm

145

6.3 mm

TR, 15 INCH

2626

e6

2

SMT

6.6 mm

FLAT

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

UTT1C331MPD1TA

Nichicon

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

330 uF

16 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

-40 Cel

POLARIZED

230

8 mm

Tape

2

Radial

9 mm

20 %

20 %

5 mm

UWX0J331MCL1GB

Nichicon

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

6.3 V

85 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.26

-40 Cel

Tin/Bismuth (Sn/Bi)

.02079

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

5.4 mm

8.3 mm

170

TR, 15 INCH

3333

e6

2

SMT

8.3 mm

FLAT

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

VE-331M1VTR-1010

Lelon Electronics

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

330 uF

35 V

85 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

-40 Cel

POLARIZED

10 mm

10.4 mm

400

TR

4341

2

SMT

11 mm

20 %

20 %

109D337X0050K0

Vishay Intertechnology

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

330 uF

50 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (WET)

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

0.009

TUBULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

550

9.53 mm

1500

TRAY, PLASTIC

e0

2

Axial

26.97 mm

WIRE

20 %

20 %

10SVP330MX

Panasonic

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

10 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (SOLID POLYMER)

0.12

-55 Cel

0.66

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

7.9 mm

10.3 mm

185

10 mm

25

ESR IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ TO 300KHZ

TR, EMBOSSED, 15 INCH

4141

2

SMT

10.3 mm

FLAT

20 %

20 %

10SVPC330M

Panasonic

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

10 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (SOLID POLYMER)

0.12

-55 Cel

0.66

POLARIZED

6.9 mm

8.3 mm

173

8 mm

17

ESR IS MEASURED AT 300 KHZ

TR, EMBOSSED, 15 INCH

3333

2

SMT

8.3 mm

FLAT

20 %

20 %

381LR331M450A042

Cornell Dubilier Electronics

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

330 uF

450 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

-25 Cel

TIN

1.1561

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

1850

35 mm

402

e3

2

Snap-in

40 mm

SNAP-IN

20 %

20 %

10 mm

CT79337X0040C2E3

Vishay Intertechnology

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

330 uF

40 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (WET)

0.43

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

0.008

TUBULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

1640

9.708 mm

RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 40KHZ

Tray

e3

2

Axial

19.46 mm

WIRE

20 %

20 %

CT79337X0063D2E3

Vishay Intertechnology

TANTALUM CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

330 uF

63 V

125 Cel

TANTALUM (WET)

0.32

-55 Cel

TIN

0.01

TUBULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

1970

9.708 mm

RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 40KHZ

Tray

e3

2

Axial

26.97 mm

WIRE

20 %

20 %

ECA1HHG331E

Panasonic

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

330 uF

50 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.12

-55 Cel

0.165

POLARIZED

410

10 mm

BULK

2

Snap-in

16 mm

SNAP-IN

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

ECA1HHG331I

Panasonic

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

330 uF

50 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.12

-55 Cel

TIN

.165

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

410

TAPE

e3

2

WIRE

20 %

20 %

ECASD60J337M009KA0

Murata Manufacturing

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

6.3 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (SOLID POLYMER)

0.06

-55 Cel

0.2079

POLARIZED

2.8 mm

4.3 mm

3500

9

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, EMBOSSED, 13 INCH

2917

2

SMT

7.3 mm

J BEND

20 %

20 %

EEE1EA331UAP

Panasonic

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

25 V

85 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.2

-40 Cel

0.0825

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

10.2 mm

8.3 mm

270

TR, EMBOSSED, 15 INCH

3333

2

SMT

8.3 mm

FLAT

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

EEE1VA331P

Panasonic

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

35 V

85 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.14

-40 Cel

0.1155

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

10.2 mm

10.3 mm

350

10 mm

TR, EMBOSSED, 15 INCH

4141

2

SMT

10.3 mm

FLAT

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

EEEFK0J331P

Panasonic

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

6.3 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.26

-55 Cel

0.02079

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

6.2 mm

8.3 mm

225

8 mm

TR, EMBOSSED, 15 INCH

3333

2

SMT

8.3 mm

FLAT

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

EEEFK1C331AP

Panasonic

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

16 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.16

-55 Cel

Tin/Bismuth (Sn/Bi)

0.0528

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

10.2 mm

8.3 mm

390

8 mm

TR, EMBOSSED, 15 INCH

3333

e6

2

SMT

8.3 mm

FLAT

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

EEFHX0E331R6

Panasonic

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

2.5 V

125 Cel

ALUMINUM (SOLID POLYMER)

0.1

-55 Cel

0.0825

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

POLARIZED

1.9 mm

4.3 mm

1875

6

ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ

TR, EMBOSSED, 7/13 INCH

2917

2

SMT

7.3 mm

WRAPAROUND

20 %

20 %

EEHZK1E331UP

Panasonic

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

25 V

125 Cel

ALUMINUM (SOLID POLYMER)

0.14

-55 Cel

0.0825

POLARIZED

10.2 mm

8.3 mm

300

8 mm

27

ESR IS MEASURED AT 100 KHZ

TR, EMBOSSED, 15 INCH

3333

2

SMT

8.3 mm

FLAT

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

EEUEB1V331

Panasonic

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

330 uF

35 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.18

-40 Cel

TIN

0.1155

CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE

POLARIZED

278

10 mm

BULK

e3

2

Radial

16 mm

WIRE

20 %

20 %

5 mm

EEUFS1J331LB

Panasonic

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

330 uF

63 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.09

-40 Cel

TIN

0.2079

POLARIZED

1050

10 mm

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

25 mm

WIRE

20 %

20 %

5 mm

EKHE451VSN331MQ35Z

Nippon Chemi-con

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

330 uF

450 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.2

-40 Cel

1.1561

POLARIZED

1480

25.4 mm

2

Snap-in

35 mm

SNAP-IN

20 %

20 %

10 mm

EMZL250ARA331MHA0G

Nippon Chemi-con

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

330 uF

25 V

105 Cel

ALUMINUM (WET)

0.14

-55 Cel

Tin/Bismuth (Sn/Bi)

0.0825

POLARIZED

10 mm

8.3 mm

300

8 mm

160

ESR is MEASURED AT 100KHZ,

TR, 15 INCH

3333

e6

2

SMT

8.3 mm

FLAT

20 %

AEC-Q200

20 %

Fixed Capacitors

Fixed capacitors are electronic components that have a fixed capacitance value that cannot be changed. They are used in electronic circuits to provide a specific capacitance value for a given application.

Fixed capacitors are made using a variety of dielectric materials, including ceramic, tantalum, aluminum electrolytic, polyester, and polypropylene. The choice of dielectric material depends on the specific requirements of the application, such as operating voltage, temperature range, and stability.

Fixed capacitors are available in a variety of shapes and sizes, such as through-hole, surface mount, and leaded types. They can also be classified based on their operating voltage, tolerance, and temperature coefficient.

Some common applications of fixed capacitors include decoupling, filtering, timing, and coupling circuits. In decoupling circuits, fixed capacitors are used to filter out unwanted high-frequency noise and ensure stable power supply operation. In timing circuits, fixed capacitors are used to set the time constant and determine the frequency of oscillation.

One of the main advantages of fixed capacitors is their stable capacitance value, which does not change over time or with changes in operating conditions. This makes them suitable for applications that require consistent and predictable performance.