2 Zener Diodes 2,400+

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Diode Type Terminal Position Terminal Form No. of Terminals Surface Mount Package Shape Package Body Material Working Test Current Config Maximum Voltage Temperature Coefficient Nominal Reference Voltage Maximum Output Current Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Reverse Power Dissipation Maximum Forward Voltage (VF) Nominal Breakdown Voltage Maximum Reverse Recovery Time Technology Maximum Reverse Current No. of Elements Reverse Test Voltage Package Style (Meter) Sub-Category Maximum Voltage Tolerance Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage Maximum Knee Impedance Maximum Operating Temperature Maximum Dynamic Impedance Minimum Operating Temperature Terminal Finish JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Polarity Case Connection Qualification Maximum Power Dissipation Additional Features JEDEC-95 Code Maximum Clamping Voltage Minimum Breakdown Voltage Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Diode Element Material Maximum Breakdown Voltage Reference Standard

SZ1SMB5933BT3G-VF01

Onsemi

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

C BEND

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

17 mA

SINGLE

22 V

1.5 V

ZENER

1 uA

1

16.7 V

SMALL OUTLINE

5 %

650 ohm

150 Cel

17.5 ohm

-65 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

R-PDSO-C2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.55 W

e3

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101

1N5231B.TR

National Semiconductor

ZENER DIODE

AXIAL

WIRE

2

NO

ROUND

GLASS

20 mA

SINGLE

1.53 mV/Cel

5.1 V

ZENER

5 uA

1

LONG FORM

Voltage Reference Diodes

5 %

1600 ohm

200 Cel

17 ohm

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

O-LALF-W2

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.5 W

DO-35

e0

SILICON

1N5231B-TR

Vishay Intertechnology

ZENER DIODE

AXIAL

WIRE

2

NO

ROUND

PLASTIC/EPOXY

20 mA

SINGLE

5.1 V

ZENER

1

LONG FORM

Voltage Reference Diodes

5 %

175 Cel

17 ohm

Tin/Silver (Sn96.5Ag3.5)

O-PALF-W2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.5 W

DO-204AH

e2

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101

1N5231BT/R

NXP Semiconductors

ZENER DIODE

AXIAL

WIRE

2

NO

ROUND

GLASS

20 mA

SINGLE

1.53 mV/Cel

5.1 V

ZENER

5 uA

1

LONG FORM

5 %

200 Cel

-65 Cel

O-LALF-W2

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.4 W

DO-35

SILICON

1N5231BTR

Onsemi

ZENER DIODE

AXIAL

WIRE

2

NO

ROUND

GLASS

20 mA

SINGLE

5.1 V

ZENER

1

LONG FORM

Voltage Reference Diodes

5 %

200 Cel

17 ohm

MATTE TIN

O-LALF-W2

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.5 W

DO-35

e3

SILICON

1N5929BG

Microchip Technology

ZENER DIODE

AXIAL

WIRE

2

NO

ROUND

GLASS

25 mA

SINGLE

15 V

ZENER

1

LONG FORM

5 %

175 Cel

-65 Cel

TIN LEAD

O-LALF-W2

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

1.5 W

DO-204AL

e0

SILICON

1SMA5923BT3

Onsemi

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

C BEND

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

45.7 mA

SINGLE

8.2 V

ZENER

1

SMALL OUTLINE

Voltage Reference Diodes

5 %

150 Cel

400 ohm

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

R-PDSO-C2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Not Qualified

.5 W

e0

30

235

SILICON

1SMA5923B-T3

Won-top Electronics

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

C BEND

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

45.7 mA

SINGLE

8.2 V

ZENER

1

SMALL OUTLINE

Voltage Reference Diodes

5 %

150 Cel

400 ohm

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

R-PDSO-C2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Not Qualified

.5 W

e0

30

235

SILICON

BZG03C150-M3-08

Vishay Intertechnology

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

C BEND

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

150 V

ZENER

1

SMALL OUTLINE

6.12 %

150 Cel

-65 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

R-PDSO-C2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

1.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

DO-214AC

e3

10

260

SILICON

BZT52-C3V9X

Nexperia

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

GULL WING

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

0 mV/Cel

3.9 V

ZENER

3 uA

1

1 V

SMALL OUTLINE

5.13 %

500 ohm

150 Cel

95 ohm

-55 Cel

TIN

R-PDSO-G2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.35 W

e3

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101; IEC-60134

JANS1N4960US

Microchip Technology

ZENER DIODE

END

WRAP AROUND

2

YES

ROUND

GLASS

100 mA

SINGLE

12 V

ZENER

1

LONG FORM

Voltage Reference Diodes

5 %

200 Cel

1.5 ohm

TIN LEAD

O-LELF-R2

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Qualified

5 W

e0

SILICON

MIL-19500/356H

JANTXV1N4960US

Microchip Technology

ZENER DIODE

END

WRAP AROUND

2

YES

ROUND

GLASS

100 mA

SINGLE

12 V

ZENER

1

LONG FORM

5 %

TIN LEAD

O-LELF-R2

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Qualified

5 W

e0

SILICON

MIL-19500/356H

MM3Z15V-C

Secos

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

FLAT

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

15 V

ZENER

.045 uA

1

10.5 V

SMALL OUTLINE

5 %

188 ohm

150 Cel

30 ohm

-65 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PDSO-F2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.2 W

e3

30

260

SILICON

MM3Z15VC

Onsemi

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

FLAT

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

15 V

ZENER

1

SMALL OUTLINE

Voltage Reference Diodes

5 %

150 Cel

28 ohm

Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed

R-PDSO-F2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Not Qualified

.2 W

e3

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SILICON

MMSZ8V2T1G

Onsemi

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

GULL WING

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

8.2 V

ZENER

1

SMALL OUTLINE

Voltage Reference Diodes

5 %

150 Cel

15 ohm

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PDSO-G2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Not Qualified

.5 W

e3

30

260

SILICON

UL RECOGNIZED

1SMA5922_R1_00001

Panjit International

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

C BEND

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

50 mA

SINGLE

7.5 V

ZENER

5 uA

1

6 V

SMALL OUTLINE

5 %

400 ohm

150 Cel

3 ohm

-55 Cel

R-PDSO-C2

UNIDIRECTIONAL

1.5 W

DO-214AC

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SILICON

BZX55C5V6-TR

Vishay Intertechnology

ZENER DIODE

AXIAL

WIRE

2

NO

ROUND

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

5.6 V

ZENER

1

LONG FORM

Voltage Reference Diodes

7.14 %

175 Cel

25 ohm

Tin/Silver (Sn96.5Ag3.5)

O-PALF-W2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.5 W

LOW NOISE

DO-35

e2

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101

BZX55C5V6.TR

National Semiconductor

ZENER DIODE

AXIAL

WIRE

2

NO

ROUND

GLASS

5 mA

SINGLE

1.4 mV/Cel

5.6 V

ZENER

.1 uA

1

LONG FORM

5 %

450 ohm

200 Cel

O-LALF-W2

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.5 W

DO-35

SILICON

BZX55-C5V6T/R

NXP Semiconductors

ZENER DIODE

AXIAL

WIRE

2

NO

ROUND

GLASS

5 mA

SINGLE

1.6 mV/Cel

5.6 V

ZENER

.1 uA

1

LONG FORM

Voltage Reference Diodes

5 %

200 Cel

25 ohm

O-LALF-W2

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.4 W

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT IS TYPICAL

DO-35

SILICON

CECC50005-005

BZX55-C5V6TR

Fagor Electronica S Coop

ZENER DIODE

AXIAL

WIRE

2

NO

ROUND

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

5.6 V

ZENER

1

LONG FORM

Voltage Reference Diodes

7.14 %

175 Cel

25 ohm

Tin/Silver (Sn96.5Ag3.5)

O-PALF-W2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.5 W

LOW NOISE

DO-35

e2

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101

BZX884-B4V7,315

NXP Semiconductors

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

4.7 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

2 %

150 Cel

TIN

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Not Qualified

.25 W

e3

30

260

SILICON

JANTX1N751AUR-1

Microchip Technology

ZENER DIODE

END

WRAP AROUND

2

YES

ROUND

GLASS

20 mA

SINGLE

5.1 V

ZENER

5 uA

1

2 V

LONG FORM

5 %

175 Cel

14 ohm

-65 Cel

TIN LEAD

O-LELF-R2

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Qualified

.5 W

METALLURGICALLY BONDED

DO-213AA

e0

SILICON

MIL-19500

PDZ15B,115

NXP Semiconductors

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

GULL WING

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

11.4 mV/Cel

15 V

ZENER

.05 uA

1

SMALL OUTLINE

Voltage Reference Diodes

2.18 %

150 Cel

TIN

R-PDSO-G2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Not Qualified

.4 W

e3

30

260

SILICON

SZMMSZ5254BT1G

Onsemi

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

GULL WING

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

4.6 mA

SINGLE

27 V

ZENER

1

SMALL OUTLINE

Voltage Reference Diodes

5 %

150 Cel

41 ohm

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PDSO-G2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.5 W

e3

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101

1N5271BUR-1

Microchip Technology

ZENER DIODE

END

WRAP AROUND

2

YES

ROUND

GLASS

1.3 mA

SINGLE

100 V

ZENER

1

LONG FORM

Voltage Reference Diodes

5 %

175 Cel

500 ohm

TIN LEAD

O-LELF-R2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.5 W

DO-213AA

e0

SILICON

1SMB5939BT3G

Onsemi

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

L BEND

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

9.6 mA

SINGLE

39 V

ZENER

1

SMALL OUTLINE

Voltage Reference Diodes

5 %

150 Cel

45 ohm

-65 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PDSO-L2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Not Qualified

.55 W

e3

30

260

SILICON

BZG03C18TR

Vishay Telefunken

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

C BEND

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

ZENER

SMALL OUTLINE

MATTE TIN

R-PDSO-C2

1

Not Qualified

DO-214

e3

SILICON

BZG03C18-TR

Vishay Intertechnology

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

C BEND

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

25 mA

SINGLE

18 V

ZENER

1

SMALL OUTLINE

Voltage Reference Diodes

6.41 %

150 Cel

15 ohm

-65 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PDSO-C2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Not Qualified

1.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

DO-214AC

e3

30

260

SILICON

BZG03-C18T/R

NXP Semiconductors

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

C BEND

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

25 mA

SINGLE

19.8 mV/Cel

18 V

ZENER

1 uA

1

SMALL OUTLINE

6.41 %

175 Cel

-65 Cel

R-PDSO-C2

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Not Qualified

1.25 W

LOW LEAKAGE CURRENT

DO-214AC

SILICON

BZX55-C5V1TR

Fagor Electronica S Coop

ZENER DIODE

AXIAL

WIRE

2

NO

ROUND

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

5.1 V

ZENER

1

LONG FORM

Voltage Reference Diodes

5.88 %

175 Cel

35 ohm

Tin/Silver (Sn96.5Ag3.5)

O-PALF-W2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.5 W

LOW NOISE

DO-35

e2

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101

BZX55-C5V1T/R

NXP Semiconductors

ZENER DIODE

AXIAL

WIRE

2

NO

ROUND

GLASS

5 mA

SINGLE

0 mV/Cel

5.1 V

ZENER

.1 uA

1

LONG FORM

Voltage Reference Diodes

5 %

200 Cel

35 ohm

O-LALF-W2

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.4 W

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT IS TYPICAL

DO-35

SILICON

CECC50005-005

BZX55C5V1.TR

National Semiconductor

ZENER DIODE

AXIAL

WIRE

2

NO

ROUND

GLASS

5 mA

SINGLE

.51 mV/Cel

5.1 V

ZENER

.1 uA

1

LONG FORM

5 %

550 ohm

200 Cel

O-LALF-W2

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.5 W

DO-35

SILICON

BZX55C5V1-TR

Vishay Intertechnology

ZENER DIODE

AXIAL

WIRE

2

NO

ROUND

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

5.1 V

ZENER

1

LONG FORM

Voltage Reference Diodes

5.88 %

175 Cel

35 ohm

Tin/Silver (Sn96.5Ag3.5)

O-PALF-W2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.5 W

LOW NOISE

DO-35

e2

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101

MMSZ5243BT1G

Onsemi

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

GULL WING

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

9.5 mA

SINGLE

13 V

ZENER

1

SMALL OUTLINE

Voltage Reference Diodes

5 %

150 Cel

13 ohm

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PDSO-G2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Not Qualified

.5 W

e3

30

260

SILICON

BZD27C200P-E3-08

Vishay Intertechnology

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

FLAT

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

200 V

ZENER

1

SMALL OUTLINE

6 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

R-PDSO-F2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.8 W

DO-219AB

e3

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101

BZT52-C12X

Nexperia

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

GULL WING

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

10 mV/Cel

12.05 V

ZENER

.1 uA

1

8 V

SMALL OUTLINE

5.39 %

90 ohm

150 Cel

10 ohm

-55 Cel

TIN

R-PDSO-G2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.35 W

e3

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101; IEC-60134

BZT52C3V3LP-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

BOTTOM

NO LEAD

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

3.3 V

ZENER

1

CHIP CARRIER

Voltage Reference Diodes

6.06 %

150 Cel

95 ohm

-65 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

R-PBCC-N2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Not Qualified

.25 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e4

30

260

SILICON

MMSZ4688-E3-08

Vishay Intertechnology

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

GULL WING

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

.05 mA

SINGLE

4.7 V

ZENER

1

SMALL OUTLINE

Voltage Reference Diodes

5 %

150 Cel

-55 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PDSO-G2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.5 W

e3

SILICON

MMSZ5245BRHG

Taiwan Semiconductor

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

FLAT

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

8.5 mA

SINGLE

15 V

ZENER

1

SMALL OUTLINE

5 %

150 Cel

-65 Cel

MATTE TIN

R-PDSO-F2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Not Qualified

.5 W

e3

30

260

SILICON

1N5230B

Texas Instruments

ZENER DIODE

AXIAL

WIRE

2

NO

ROUND

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

20 mA

SINGLE

4.7 V

ZENER

1

LONG FORM

5 %

O-GALF-W2

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.5 W

SILICON

BZT52C3V3-E3-08

Vishay Intertechnology

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

GULL WING

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

-.3 mV/Cel

3.3 V

ZENER

5 uA

1

1 V

SMALL OUTLINE

Voltage Reference Diodes

5 %

500 ohm

150 Cel

95 ohm

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

R-PDSO-G2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.5 W

e3

10

260

SILICON

BZT585B15T-7

Diodes Incorporated

ZENER DIODE

DUAL

FLAT

2

YES

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

13.2 mV/Cel

15 V

1.1 V

ZENER

.05 uA

1

10.5 V

SMALL OUTLINE

2 %

200 ohm

150 Cel

15 ohm

-65 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

R-PDSO-F2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

.35 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e3

30

260

SILICON

BZV55C12-TP

Micro Commercial Components

ZENER DIODE

END

WRAP AROUND

2

YES

ROUND

GLASS

5 mA

SINGLE

12 V

ZENER

.0001 uA

1

LONG FORM

90 ohm

150 Cel

20 ohm

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

O-LELF-R2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.5 W

HIGH RELIABILITY

e3

10

260

SILICON

BZX55-C6V8T/R

NXP Semiconductors

ZENER DIODE

AXIAL

WIRE

2

NO

ROUND

GLASS

5 mA

SINGLE

3 mV/Cel

6.8 V

ZENER

.1 uA

1

LONG FORM

Voltage Reference Diodes

5 %

200 Cel

8 ohm

O-LALF-W2

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.4 W

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT IS TYPICAL

DO-35

SILICON

CECC50005-005

BZX55-C6V8TR

Fagor Electronica S Coop

ZENER DIODE

AXIAL

WIRE

2

NO

ROUND

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

6.8 V

ZENER

1

LONG FORM

Voltage Reference Diodes

5.88 %

175 Cel

8 ohm

Tin/Silver (Sn96.5Ag3.5)

O-PALF-W2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.5 W

LOW NOISE

DO-35

e2

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101

BZX55C6V8.TR

National Semiconductor

ZENER DIODE

AXIAL

WIRE

2

NO

ROUND

GLASS

5 mA

SINGLE

2.72 mV/Cel

6.8 V

ZENER

.1 uA

1

LONG FORM

5 %

150 ohm

200 Cel

O-LALF-W2

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.5 W

DO-35

SILICON

BZX55C6V8-TR

Vishay Intertechnology

ZENER DIODE

AXIAL

WIRE

2

NO

ROUND

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5 mA

SINGLE

6.8 V

ZENER

1

LONG FORM

Voltage Reference Diodes

5.88 %

175 Cel

8 ohm

Tin/Silver (Sn96.5Ag3.5)

O-PALF-W2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.5 W

LOW NOISE

DO-35

e2

30

260

SILICON

AEC-Q101

TZMC12-GS08

Vishay Intertechnology

ZENER DIODE

END

WRAP AROUND

2

YES

ROUND

GLASS

5 mA

SINGLE

12 V

ZENER

1

LONG FORM

Voltage Reference Diodes

5 %

175 Cel

20 ohm

TIN SILVER

O-LELF-R2

1

UNIDIRECTIONAL

ISOLATED

Not Qualified

.5 W

LOW NOISE

DO-213AA

e2

10

260

SILICON

Zener Diodes

Zener diodes are electronic components that are designed to operate in the reverse breakdown region of their P-N junction, providing a stable and predictable voltage output. They are commonly used in electronic circuits as voltage regulators, voltage references, and surge protectors.

Zener diodes operate based on the properties of their P-N junction, which is designed to have a narrow depletion region and a low breakdown voltage. When a reverse voltage is applied to the diode, the depletion region widens, allowing a small reverse current to flow. As the voltage across the diode increases, the reverse current increases exponentially, maintaining a stable voltage across the diode.

Zener diodes offer several advantages over other types of voltage regulators, such as simplicity, low cost, and high efficiency. They do not require any external components, such as capacitors or inductors, and they can provide a stable output voltage over a wide range of input voltages and temperatures.

Zener diodes are commonly used in electronic circuits that require a stable voltage source, such as power supplies, battery chargers, and voltage regulators. They come in different package sizes and voltage ratings, depending on the application and the required performance.