COMMERCIAL Peripheral Drivers 731

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Interface IC Type Temperature Grade Terminal Form No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Total Dose (V) Package Body Material Display Mode Data Input Mode Surface Mount Maximum Supply Voltage Maximum Output Current No. of Functions No. of Channels Technology Screening Level No. of Bits Built-in Protections Maximum Supply Current No. of Digits/Characters Input Characteristics Nominal Supply Voltage Maximum Supply Voltage-1 Turn-on Time Power Supplies (V) Nominal Negative Supply Voltage Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code No. of Segments Minimum Supply Voltage-1 Sub-Category Minimum Supply Voltage Terminal Pitch Maximum Operating Temperature Nominal Supply Voltage-1 Output Characteristics Minimum Operating Temperature Driver No. of Bits Terminal Finish Terminal Position JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Seated Height Nominal Output Peak Current Limit Width Turn-off Time Qualification Output Polarity High Side Driver Additional Features JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Output Current Flow Direction Length Multiplexed Display Capability

SN75452BP3

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

.4 A

BIPOLAR

5 V

5

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75461P

Texas Instruments

AND GATE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

5.25 V

2

BIPOLAR

76 mA

STANDARD

5 V

.04 us

5

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

4.75 V

2.54 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

5.08 mm

.5 A

7.62 mm

.055 us

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SINK

9.81 mm

ULN2067NE3

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BIPOLAR

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

4

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75464PP3

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BIPOLAR

5 V

5

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

SN75434JG

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

BIPOLAR

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-XDIP-T8

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75065NE

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

1.5 A

BIPOLAR

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

4

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75472DG4

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

8

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

.4 A

2

BIPOLAR

76 mA

GATED

5 V

.05 us

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP8,.25

Peripheral Drivers

4.75 V

1.27 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

2

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G8

1

1.75 mm

.5 A

3.9 mm

.065 us

Not Qualified

TRUE

e4

30

260

SINK

4.9 mm

SN75433P3

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BIPOLAR

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75453P

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BIPOLAR

5 V

5

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75463P-00

Texas Instruments

OR GATE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

5.25 V

2

BIPOLAR

TRANSIENT

5 V

.065 us

IN-LINE

4.75 V

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

5.08 mm

.5 A

7.62 mm

.05 us

Not Qualified

SINK

9.81 mm

SN75446D-00

Texas Instruments

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

8

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

2

TRANSIENT

5 V

.75 us

SMALL OUTLINE

4.75 V

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G8

1.75 mm

.4 A

3.9 mm

.5 us

Not Qualified

SINK

4.9 mm

SN75468JP4

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

BIPOLAR

100 V

100

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

7

DUAL

R-XDIP-T16

ULN2075NE3

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BIPOLAR

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

4

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75479DR

Texas Instruments

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

8

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.5 V

2

BIPOLAR

TRANSIENT

75 mA

STANDARD

5 V

.35 us

SMALL OUTLINE

4.5 V

1.27 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G8

1.75 mm

3 A

3.9 mm

.35 us

Not Qualified

INVERTED

SINK

4.9 mm

ULN2074NE3

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BIPOLAR

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

4

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75453BPSRE4

Texas Instruments

OR GATE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

8

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

.4 A

2

BIPOLAR

5 V

.025 us

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

4.75 V

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G8

1

2 mm

.5 A

5.3 mm

.025 us

Not Qualified

e4

30

260

SINK

6.2 mm

SN75433P

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BIPOLAR

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75432P3

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BIPOLAR

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75454BJG4

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

.4 A

BIPOLAR

5 V

5

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-XDIP-T8

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75473P

Texas Instruments

OR GATE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

5.25 V

2

BIPOLAR

76 mA

STANDARD

5 V

.04 us

5

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

4.75 V

2.54 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

2

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

5.08 mm

.5 A

7.62 mm

.055 us

Not Qualified

e0

SINK

9.81 mm

SN75478P-00

Texas Instruments

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

5.5 V

2

TRANSIENT

5 V

.35 us

IN-LINE

4.5 V

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

5.08 mm

3 A

7.62 mm

.35 us

Not Qualified

SINK

9.81 mm

SN75462P3

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

.4 A

BIPOLAR

5 V

5

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

SN75401NEP3

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BIPOLAR

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75478P

Texas Instruments

OR GATE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

5.5 V

.5 A

2

BIPOLAR

TRANSIENT

75 mA

STANDARD

5 V

.35 us

5

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

4.5 V

2.54 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

2

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

5.08 mm

.5 A

7.62 mm

.35 us

Not Qualified

TRUE

e4

SINK

9.81 mm

SN75472PP3

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BIPOLAR

5 V

5

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75454BD

Texas Instruments

NOR GATE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

8

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

.5 A

2

BIPOLAR

79 mA

STANDARD

5 V

.035 us

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP8,.25

Peripheral Drivers

4.75 V

1.27 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

2

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

DUAL

R-PDSO-G8

1

1.75 mm

.5 A

3.9 mm

.035 us

Not Qualified

INVERTED

e4

NOT SPECIFIED

260

SINK

4.9 mm

SN75464JGP4

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

BIPOLAR

5 V

5

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-XDIP-T8

SN75435NE

Texas Instruments

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

5.25 V

4

BIPOLAR

TRANSIENT; OVER CURRENT

75 mA

STANDARD

5 V

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Peripheral Drivers

4.75 V

2.54 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

4

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

5.08 mm

.6 A

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

INVERTED

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SINK

19.177 mm

SN75449DR

Texas Instruments

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

8

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

2

BIPOLAR

TRANSIENT

25 mA

STANDARD

5 V

.5 us

SMALL OUTLINE

4.75 V

1.27 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G8

1.75 mm

.4 A

3.9 mm

.75 us

Not Qualified

INVERTED

SINK

4.9 mm

SN75433PP3

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BIPOLAR

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75453BD-00

Texas Instruments

AND GATE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

8

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

2

BIPOLAR

5 V

.025 us

SMALL OUTLINE

4.75 V

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDSO-G8

1.75 mm

.5 A

3.9 mm

.025 us

Not Qualified

SINK

4.9 mm

SN75432JG4

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

BIPOLAR

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-XDIP-T8

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75476D

Texas Instruments

AND GATE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

8

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.5 V

.4 A

2

BIPOLAR

TRANSIENT

75 mA

STANDARD

5 V

.35 us

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP8,.25

Peripheral Drivers

4.5 V

1.27 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-PDSO-G8

1.75 mm

3 A

3.9 mm

.35 us

Not Qualified

TRUE

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SINK

4.9 mm

SN75454BPSRG4

Texas Instruments

NOR GATE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

GULL WING

8

SOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

5.25 V

.4 A

2

BIPOLAR

5 V

.035 us

5

SMALL OUTLINE

SOP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

4.75 V

1.27 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G8

1

2 mm

.5 A

5.3 mm

.035 us

Not Qualified

e4

30

260

SINK

6.2 mm

SN75441JP4

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

BIPOLAR

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75066NE

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BIPOLAR

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

4

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75479JG4

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

BIPOLAR

5 V

5

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-XDIP-T8

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75431JGP4

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

BIPOLAR

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-XDIP-T8

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75448P-00

Texas Instruments

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

5.25 V

2

TRANSIENT

5 V

.75 us

IN-LINE

4.75 V

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

5.08 mm

.4 A

7.62 mm

.5 us

Not Qualified

SINK

9.81 mm

SN75439NE-00

Texas Instruments

BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

5.25 V

1

BIPOLAR

TRANSIENT

5 V

40 V

IN-LINE

4.75 V

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T16

5.08 mm

1.5 A

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

SINK

19.305 mm

SN75414NEP3

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BIPOLAR

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75462PP3

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

.4 A

BIPOLAR

5 V

5

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

SN75472JG4

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

BIPOLAR

5 V

5

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-XDIP-T8

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75476P3

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BIPOLAR

5 V

5

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75419NE

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

BIPOLAR

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SN75462JGP4

Texas Instruments

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

.4 A

BIPOLAR

5 V

5

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

2.54 mm

70 Cel

0 Cel

2

DUAL

R-XDIP-T8

L293DSP883B

Texas Instruments

HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

NO

7 V

2

BIPOLAR

MIL-STD-883 Class B

TRANSIENT; THERMAL

5 V

36 V

IN-LINE

4.5 V

4.5 V

2.54 mm

70 Cel

24 V

0 Cel

DUAL

R-CDIP-T16

5.08 mm

1.2 A

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

SOURCE AND SINK

19.05 mm

SN75454BP

Texas Instruments

NOR GATE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER

COMMERCIAL

THROUGH-HOLE

8

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

5.25 V

.5 A

2

BIPOLAR

79 mA

STANDARD

5 V

.035 us

5

IN-LINE

DIP8,.3

Peripheral Drivers

4.75 V

2.54 mm

70 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

0 Cel

2

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

DUAL

R-PDIP-T8

5.08 mm

.5 A

7.62 mm

.035 us

Not Qualified

INVERTED

e4

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SINK

9.59 mm

Peripheral Drivers

Peripheral drivers are electronic components that control and drive the operation of peripheral devices in electronic systems, such as motors, sensors, and actuators. They are commonly used in industrial and commercial applications that require precise and reliable control of peripheral devices.

Peripheral drivers can be classified into several types based on their specific functions and applications, including motor drivers, sensor drivers, and actuator drivers. These drivers can also include power supplies, amplifiers, and motor controllers, among other components.

Motor drivers are used to control and drive the operation of DC and stepper motors, and they typically include a microcontroller, power MOSFETs, and protection circuitry. Sensor drivers are used to interface with and drive sensors, which are electronic devices that detect and respond to physical stimuli. They typically include an analog-to-digital converter and signal conditioning circuitry. Actuator drivers are used to control and drive the operation of actuators, which are devices that produce a mechanical motion when energized. They are commonly used in industrial automation and control applications.

Peripheral drivers are typically characterized by their voltage and current ratings, as well as their efficiency and reliability. They play a critical role in ensuring the precise and reliable control of peripheral devices in electronic systems.