MILITARY Logic Gates 2,400+

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Logic IC Type Temperature Grade Terminal Form No. of Terminals Package Code Package Shape Total Dose (V) Package Body Material Schmitt Trigger Surface Mount No. of Functions Technology Screening Level No. of Inputs No. of Bits Translation Packing Method Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V) Power Supplies (V) Load Capacitance (CL) Package Style (Meter) Package Equivalence Code Propagation Delay (tpd) Maximum I (ol) Sub-Category Terminal Pitch Maximum Operating Temperature Output Characteristics Minimum Operating Temperature Terminal Finish Terminal Position Control Type Minimum fmax JESD-30 Code Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Seated Height Width Qualification Output Polarity Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup) Maximum Power Supply Current (ICC) Additional Features JESD-609 Code Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s) Peak Reflow Temperature (C) Length Family

M38510/33004BCA

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

2

TTL

MIL-PRF-38535 Class B

4

TUBE

5

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

7 ns

1 Amp

Gate

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

5.08 mm

6.67 mm

Qualified

4.5 V

5.1 mA

e0

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.56 mm

F/FAST

BL54LS136Y

Texas Instruments

XOR GATE

MILITARY

NO

4

TTL

2

5

DIE OR CHIP

30 ns

Gates

125 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

-55 Cel

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

SNC54ALS10J

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

3

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

3

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

16 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

M38510/37004B2A

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

NO

YES

1

TTL

MIL-M-38510 Class B

8

TUBE

5

5

50 pF

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

22 ns

20 Amp

Gate

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

QUAD

S-CQCC-N20

5.5 V

2.03 mm

8.89 mm

Qualified

4.5 V

.9 mA

e0

8.89 mm

ALS

TFM4072BJ

Texas Instruments

OR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

CMOS

MIL-STD-883 Class C

5/15

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

Not Qualified

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

M38510/30006BCX

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

3

TTL

3

5

IN-LINE

55 ns

125 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

LS

M38510/37301BCA

Texas Instruments

NOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

4

TTL

MIL-M-38510 Class B

2

TUBE

5

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

16 ns

.4 Amp

Gate

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Qualified

4.5 V

4 mA

LG-MAX

e0

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.94 mm

ALS

M38510/33401BDX

Texas Instruments

AND-OR-INVERT GATE

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

NO

YES

1

TTL

MIL-PRF-38535 Class B

11

5

50 pF

FLATPACK

8 ns

20 Amp

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-CDFP-F14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

4.7 mA

F/FAST

54AC11086J

Texas Instruments

XOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

4

CMOS

2

5

3.3/5

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

8.7 ns

24 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T16

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

3 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.56 mm

AC

SNC54HC04FH

Texas Instruments

INVERTER

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC

NO

YES

6

CMOS

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

1

5

2/6

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

145 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-XQCC-N20

6 V

Not Qualified

2 V

M38510/30009BCA

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

1

TTL

MIL-PRF-38535 Class B

8

TUBE

5

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

38 ns

.4 Amp

Gate

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

5.08 mm

6.67 mm

Qualified

4.5 V

1.1 mA

e0

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.56 mm

LS

M38510/30009BDA

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

YES

1

TTL

MIL-PRF-38535 Class B

8

TUBE

5

5

50 pF

FLATPACK

FL14,.3

38 ns

.4 Amp

Gate

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-GDFP-F14

5.5 V

2.03 mm

5.97 mm

Qualified

4.5 V

1.1 mA

e0

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

9.21 mm

LS

M38510/65701SCX

Texas Instruments

INVERTER

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

UNSPECIFIED

NO

6

CMOS

1

5

IN-LINE

22 ns

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

6 V

Not Qualified

2 V

HC/UH

SNC54HC10FK

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC

NO

YES

3

CMOS

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

3

5

2/6

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

145 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-XQCC-N20

6 V

Not Qualified

2 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

SNG351J

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

TTL

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

Not Qualified

SNC54H50W

Texas Instruments

AND-OR-INVERT GATE

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

YES

2

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

4

5

FLATPACK

FL14,.3

11 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDFP-F14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

SNC54AS00FH

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC

NO

YES

4

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

2

5

5

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

5 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-XQCC-N20

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

M38510/30401SCA

Texas Instruments

AND-OR-INVERT GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

2

TTL

MIL-PRF-38535 Class S

2

5

IN-LINE

30 ns

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

LS

M38510/65001BCX

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

4

CMOS

2

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

135 ns

4 Amp

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

6 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Qualified

2 V

.01 mA

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

19.56 mm

HC/UH

M38510/30202SCA

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

4

TTL

MIL-PRF-38535 Class S

2

5

IN-LINE

30 ns

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

LS

54LS27FK

Texas Instruments

NOR GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

YES

3

TTL

3

5

15 pF

CHIP CARRIER

15 ns

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-CQCC-N20

5.5 V

2.03 mm

8.89 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

6.8 mA

8.89 mm

LS

SN151909J

Texas Instruments

OR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

DTL

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

Not Qualified

SNC54ALS22AFH

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC

NO

YES

2

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

4

5

5

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

65 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-XQCC-N20

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

M38510/37002BDX

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

YES

3

TTL

3

5

FLATPACK

15 ns

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDFP-F14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

ALS

8414501SA

Texas Instruments

OR GATE

MILITARY

FLAT

20

DFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

YES

6

TTL

MIL-PRF-38535

2

5

5

FLATPACK

FL20,.3

11 ns

12 Amp

Gate

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDFP-F20

5.5 V

Qualified

4.5 V

ALS

M38510/30502SCA

Texas Instruments

XOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

4

TTL

MIL-PRF-38535 Class S

2

5

IN-LINE

40 ns

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

LS

M38510/05201BCA

Texas Instruments

NOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

NO

NO

2

CMOS

38535Q/M;38534H;883B

3

5/15

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

675 ns

.56 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-CDIP-T14

18 V

Not Qualified

3 V

MIXED WITH 1 INVERTER

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

4000/14000/40000

SNC54H61W

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

YES

3

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

3

5

FLATPACK

FL14,.3

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDFP-F14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

SNC54HC86FK

Texas Instruments

XOR GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC

NO

YES

4

CMOS

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

2

5

2/6

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

150 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-XQCC-N20

6 V

Not Qualified

2 V

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

CD54HC4049F3A

Texas Instruments

INVERTER

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

16

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

NO

NO

6

CMOS

38535Q/M;38534H;883B

1

TUBE

4.5

2/6

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP16,.3

130 ns

4 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-CDIP-T16

6 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

2 V

.02 mA

CMOS-TTL LEVEL TRANSLATOR

e0

19.56 mm

HC

M38510/30402SCA

Texas Instruments

AND-OR-INVERT GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

1

TTL

MIL-PRF-38535 Class S

10

5

IN-LINE

30 ns

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

LS

M38510/07501BCA

Texas Instruments

XOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

4

TTL

MIL-M-38510 Class B

2

TUBE

5

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

10.5 ns

-.8 Amp

Gate

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Qualified

4.5 V

75 mA

LG-MAX

e0

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

19.94 mm

S

5430J

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

1

TTL

8

5

15 pF

IN-LINE

15 ns

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

6 mA

19.56 mm

TTL/H/L

MM54C901N

Texas Instruments

INVERTER

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

NO

6

CMOS

1

5

IN-LINE

70 ns

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-PDIP-T14

15 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

3 V

19.18 mm

CMOS

SNC54LS12J

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

3

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

3

5

5

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

32 ns

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

V62/07617-01XE

Texas Instruments

BUFFER

MILITARY

GULL WING

6

TSSOP

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

YES

YES

2

CMOS

1

TR

3.3

3.3

50 pF

SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH

TSSOP6,.08

13 ns

32 Amp

Gates

.65 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

DUAL

R-PDSO-G6

1

5.5 V

1.1 mm

1.25 mm

Not Qualified

1.65 V

.01 mA

e4

30

260

2 mm

LVC/LCX/Z

54ACT11032FK

Texas Instruments

OR GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

NO

YES

4

CMOS

2

5

5

50 pF

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

8.4 ns

24 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-CQCC-N20

5.5 V

2.03 mm

8.89 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

CENTER PIN VCC AND GND

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

8.89 mm

ACT

M38510/30302SCA

Texas Instruments

NOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

3

TTL

MIL-PRF-38535 Class S

3

5

IN-LINE

30 ns

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

LS

M38510/00109BDX

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

YES

4

TTL

MIL-M-38510 Class B

2

5

FLATPACK

35 ns

125 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDFP-F14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

TTL/H/L

SNC54LS15W

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

YES

3

TTL

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

3

5

5

FLATPACK

FL14,.3

35 ns

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

OPEN-COLLECTOR

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDFP-F14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

SNC54HC386J

Texas Instruments

XOR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC

NO

NO

CMOS

MIL-STD-883 Class B (Modified)

5

2/6

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

6 V

Not Qualified

2 V

54ACT11011FK

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

MILITARY

NO LEAD

20

QCCN

SQUARE

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

NO

YES

3

CMOS

3

5

5

50 pF

CHIP CARRIER

LCC20,.35SQ

9.2 ns

24 Amp

Gates

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

QUAD

S-CQCC-N20

5.5 V

2.03 mm

8.89 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

CENTER PIN VCC AND GND

NOT SPECIFIED

NOT SPECIFIED

8.89 mm

ACT

M38510/31004SCX

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

NO

4

TTL

2

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

30 ns

4 Amp

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

Qualified

4.5 V

8.8 mA

LS

M38510/38411SDA

Texas Instruments

BUFFER

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

YES

6

TTL

MIL-PRF-38535 Class S

1

5

FLATPACK

10 ns

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDFP-F14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

ALS

CD54ACT20F3A

Texas Instruments

NAND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED

NO

NO

2

CMOS

38535Q/M;38534H;883B

4

TUBE

5

5

50 pF

IN-LINE

DIP14,.3

13.5 ns

24 Amp

Gates

2.54 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

DUAL

R-CDIP-T14

5.5 V

5.08 mm

7.62 mm

Not Qualified

4.5 V

.08 mA

e0

19.56 mm

ACT

M38510/65203SCX

Texas Instruments

AND GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

UNSPECIFIED

NO

4

CMOS

2

4.5

IN-LINE

28 ns

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-XDIP-T14

6 V

Not Qualified

2 V

HC/UH

M38510/37501SCX

Texas Instruments

OR GATE

MILITARY

THROUGH-HOLE

14

DIP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

4

TTL

2

5

IN-LINE

16 ns

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDIP-T14

5.5 V

Not Qualified

4.5 V

ALS

M38510/07301BDX

Texas Instruments

NOR GATE

MILITARY

FLAT

14

DFP

RECTANGULAR

CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED

NO

YES

4

TTL

2

5

50 pF

FLATPACK

5.5 ns

20 Amp

1.27 mm

125 Cel

-55 Cel

DUAL

R-GDFP-F14

5.5 V

2.03 mm

6.285 mm

Qualified

4.5 V

45 mA

NOT APPLICABLE

NOT APPLICABLE

9.21 mm

S

Logic Gates

Logic gates are electronic circuits that perform basic logical operations on one or more inputs to produce a single output. They are the building blocks of digital circuits and are used to implement digital logic functions, such as AND, OR, NOT, XOR, and NAND.

Logic gates are designed using various technologies, including transistor-transistor logic (TTL), complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). They can be classified into three main types based on their operation: combinational logic gates, sequential logic gates, and programmable logic gates.

Combinational logic gates are logic gates that produce an output based solely on the current input values. These gates include the AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate, XOR gate, and NAND gate. The output of a combinational logic gate depends on the input values and the logic function implemented by the gate.

Sequential logic gates are logic gates that have memory elements and can store information. These gates include the SR flip-flop, D flip-flop, JK flip-flop, and T flip-flop. The output of a sequential logic gate depends on the current input values and the previous state of the gate.

Programmable logic gates are logic gates that can be programmed to implement different logic functions. These gates include programmable logic arrays (PLAs), programmable array logic (PALs), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Programmable logic gates can be reprogrammed to adapt to changing system requirements.

Logic gates are used in various applications, including digital signal processing, control systems, and memory systems. They are essential components of digital systems and can be found in many electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones, and digital cameras.