Texas Instruments Power Supply Modules 2,400+

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Part	Manufacturer	Other IC type	Temperature Grade	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Surface Mount	Maximum Switching Frequency	Package Body Material	Approvals (V)	Maximum Output Current	Trim or Adjustable Output (V)	No. of Functions	Technology	Terminal Form	Main Out Ripple Voltage	Main Output Efficiency	Switcher Config	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Minimum Output Voltage	Control Mode	Protection(s)	Maximum Line Regulation	Maximum Total Power Output	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Maximum Output Voltage	Terminal Position	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Maximum Seated Height	Height	Width (mm)	Qualification	Maximum Load Regulation	Nominal Input Voltage	Additional Features	Minimum Input Voltage	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	No. of Outputs	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length	Nominal Output Voltage	Maximum Input Voltage
PWR620A	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				95 Cel	14.85 V				2 W	-40 Cel		15.15 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		24 V		21.6 V			1		50.8 mm	15 V	26.5 V
PT6406C	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE		12		RECTANGULAR	YES		UNSPECIFIED			YES	1	HYBRID	FLAT				SMALL OUTLINE			2.54 mm							0 Cel			SINGLE	R-XSSO-F12		9.906 mm		15.24 mm	Not Qualified	2.778 %			4.5 V			1		50.546 mm	1.8 V	5.5 V
PWR706C/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				100 Cel	4.95 V				5 W	-40 Cel		5.05 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm		43.18 mm	Not Qualified		12 V		11 V			1		50.8 mm	5 V	15 V
PTH12020WAD	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE		10	DMA	RECTANGULAR	NO	380 kHz	UNSPECIFIED	UL, CSA	18 A	YES	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG	11.32 Vrms	95 %	BUCK	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY		Power Supply Modules		85 Cel	1.2 V	VOLTAGE-MODE	OUTPUT OVER CURRENT;THERMAL	.15 %	59.4 W	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	5.5 V	DUAL	R-XDMA-P10		9 mm	9 mm	22.1 mm	Not Qualified	.15 %	12 V	REMOTE SHUTDOWN	10.8 V	e3		1		37.97 mm	3.3 V	13.2 V
PT4497A	Texas Instruments	DC-DC BOOSTER MODULE		26		RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY									100 W				SINGLE	R-MSMA-T26	1				Not Qualified		48 V		36 V			1				75 V
PWR719A/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	11.88 V				5 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		24 V		21 V			1		50.8 mm	12 V	27 V
HL01U24S12Y	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	13	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		PLASTIC/EPOXY			NO	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				IN-LINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel	11.4 V				1 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	R-PDIP-T13		10.16 mm		15.24 mm	Not Qualified	10 %	24 V		21.6 V			1		32.64 mm	12 V	26.4 V
PWR422/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY			5.08 mm	100 Cel	11.4 V				3 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P5		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		24 V		19.2 V			2		28.58 mm	12 V	28.8 V
PWR427/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY			5.08 mm	100 Cel	4.75 V				3 W	-40 Cel		5.25 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P5		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		28 V		22.4 V			2		28.58 mm	5 V	33.6 V
PWR625B/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				95 Cel	11.88 V				2 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	R-MDIP-P4		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		28 V		25.2 V			1		50.8 mm	12 V	31 V
BQ2145MODULE	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE
HL02U15D12Y	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	13	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		PLASTIC/EPOXY			NO	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				IN-LINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel	11.4 V				2 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	R-PDIP-T13		10.16 mm		15.24 mm	Not Qualified	15 %	15 V		14.25 V			2		32.64 mm	12 V	15.75 V
PWR612B/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				95 Cel	4.95 V				2 W	-40 Cel		5.05 V	DUAL	R-MDIP-P4		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		15 V		13.8 V			1		50.8 mm	5 V	16.5 V
PT4523C	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	12		RECTANGULAR	YES		UNSPECIFIED		1.6 A	YES	1	HYBRID	GULL WING				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP12/17H,1.0	Other Analog ICs	2.54 mm	85 Cel	10.8 V				20 W	-40 Cel		13.2 V	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G12					Not Qualified	1 %	48 V		36 V		NOT SPECIFIED	1	NOT SPECIFIED		12 V	75 V
PWR735B/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	14	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	14.85 V				5 W	-40 Cel		15.15 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P14		10.41 mm		45.72 mm	Not Qualified		48 V		44.5 V			2		50.8 mm	15 V	53 V
PTB48510CAZ	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE		8		RECTANGULAR	NO		UNSPECIFIED			YES	1	HYBRID	UNSPECIFIED				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY					7.2 V				66 W		TIN SILVER COPPER	16.7 V	DUAL	R-XDMA-X8	3				Not Qualified	1 %	48 V	ADDITIONAL -15V OUTPUT AVAILABLE	36 V	e1		2			15 V	75 V
PWR710A/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	11.88 V				5 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P5		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		12 V		11 V			2		50.8 mm	12 V	15 V
PT3407C	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	14		RECTANGULAR	YES		UNSPECIFIED		16 A	YES	1	HYBRID	GULL WING				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SMSIP14/15H,1.4	Other Analog ICs	2.54 mm	85 Cel	1 V				16 W	-40 Cel		1.1 V	SINGLE	R-XSMA-G14					Not Qualified		48 V		36 V		NOT SPECIFIED	1	NOT SPECIFIED		1 V	75 V
PWR632B	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				95 Cel	14.85 V				2 W	-40 Cel		15.15 V	DUAL	R-MDIP-P4		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		48 V		43.2 V			1		50.8 mm	15 V	53 V
PWR735A/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	14.85 V				5 W	-40 Cel		15.15 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P5		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		48 V		44.5 V			2		50.8 mm	15 V	53 V
PTMA402050A2AZT	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5		RECTANGULAR	NO		UNSPECIFIED			YES	1	HYBRID	UNSPECIFIED				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel	4.5 V				10 W	-40 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	5.5 V	DUAL	R-XDMA-X5	3				Not Qualified		48 V		36 V	e1		1			5 V	75 V
PWR520/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	10	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	14.25 V				4 W	-40 Cel		15.75 V	DUAL	R-MDIP-P10		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		24 V		19.2 V			4		41.28 mm	15 V	28.8 V
PWR331	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	6	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	11.4 V				2 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P6		10.41 mm		22.86 mm	Not Qualified		48 V		38.4 V			2		28.58 mm	12 V	57.6 V
PWR623B	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	14	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				95 Cel	14.85 V				2 W	-40 Cel		15.15 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P14		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		24 V		21.6 V			2		50.8 mm	15 V	26.5 V
HL02U12D05Y	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	13	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		PLASTIC/EPOXY			NO	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				IN-LINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel	4.75 V				2 W	-40 Cel		5.25 V	DUAL	R-PDIP-T13		10.16 mm		15.24 mm	Not Qualified	15 %	12 V		11.4 V			2		32.64 mm	5 V	12.6 V
PT4101C	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	6		RECTANGULAR	YES		UNSPECIFIED		3 A	NO	1	HYBRID	GULL WING				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	MODULE,6LEAD,1.7	Other Analog ICs		85 Cel	4.9 V				15 W	-40 Cel		5.1 V	DUAL	R-XDMA-G6					Not Qualified	1 %	48 V	SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION	36 V		NOT SPECIFIED	1	NOT SPECIFIED		5 V	75 V
HL01U24S15YH	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	13	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		PLASTIC/EPOXY			NO	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				IN-LINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel	14.25 V				1 W	-40 Cel		15.75 V	DUAL	R-PDIP-T13		10.16 mm		15.24 mm	Not Qualified	10 %	24 V		21.6 V			1		32.64 mm	15 V	26.4 V
HL01U12S15ZH	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	13	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		PLASTIC/EPOXY			NO	1	HYBRID	GULL WING				SMALL OUTLINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel	14.25 V				1 W	-40 Cel		15.75 V	DUAL	R-PDSO-G13		10.16 mm		13.34 mm	Not Qualified	10 %	12 V		10.8 V			1		32.64 mm	15 V	13.2 V
PWR602B/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				95 Cel	14.85 V				2 W	-40 Cel		15.15 V	DUAL	R-MDIP-P4		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		5 V		4.5 V			1		50.8 mm	15 V	5.5 V
PWR725B/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	12	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	11.88 V				5 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P12		10.41 mm		45.72 mm	Not Qualified		28 V		25 V			1		50.8 mm	12 V	31 V
PTMA403033N1AZT	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	5		RECTANGULAR	NO		UNSPECIFIED			NO	1	HYBRID	UNSPECIFIED			BUCK-BOOST	MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel	3.234 V	CURRENT-MODE			10 W	-40 Cel	TIN SILVER COPPER	3.366 V	DUAL	R-XDMA-X5	3				Not Qualified		48 V		36 V	e1		1			3.3 V	75 V
PWR626B/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				95 Cel	14.85 V				2 W	-40 Cel		15.15 V	DUAL	R-MDIP-P4		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		28 V		25.2 V			1		50.8 mm	15 V	31 V
PWR102/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				100 Cel	14.25 V				.45 W	-40 Cel		15.75 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		5 V		4 V			1		28.58 mm	15 V	6 V
PWR529/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	14	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	14.25 V				4 W	-40 Cel		15.75 V	DUAL	R-MDIP-P14		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		28 V		22.4 V			8		41.28 mm	15 V	33.6 V
PWR432/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				100 Cel	14.25 V				3 W	-40 Cel		15.75 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P4		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		48 V		38.4 V			1		28.58 mm	15 V	57.6 V
PT4665N	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	26		RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL		15 A	YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP26	Other Analog ICs	2.54 mm	85 Cel	2.97 V				25 W	-40 Cel		3.63 V	SINGLE	R-MSMA-T26					Not Qualified		48 V	ADDITIONAL 1.5V OUTPUT AVAILABLE	36 V		NOT SPECIFIED	2	NOT SPECIFIED		3.3 V	75 V
PWR5322	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	8	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				100 Cel	4.9 V				15 W	-40 Cel		5.1 V	DUAL	R-MDIP-P8				63.5 mm	Not Qualified	5 %			18 V			3		60.96 mm	5 V	36 V
PWR616B/G	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	14	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				95 Cel	11.88 V				2 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P14		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		15 V		13.8 V			2		50.8 mm	12 V	16.5 V
BQ2145LB-001	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE		7		RECTANGULAR	NO		UNSPECIFIED						UNSPECIFIED				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY													UNSPECIFIED	R-XXMA-X7					Not Qualified
PWR327/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	8	DIP	SQUARE	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				100 Cel	4.75 V				2 W	-40 Cel		5.25 V	DUAL	S-MDMA-P8		10.41 mm		22.86 mm	Not Qualified		28 V		22.4 V			4		28.58 mm	5 V	33.6 V
HL01U05S05ZH	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	13	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		PLASTIC/EPOXY			NO	1	HYBRID	GULL WING				SMALL OUTLINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel	4.75 V				1 W	-40 Cel		5.25 V	DUAL	R-PDSO-G13		10.16 mm		13.34 mm	Not Qualified	10 %	5 V		4.5 V			1		32.64 mm	5 V	5.5 V
HL01U12D05Z	Texas Instruments	DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	13	SOP	RECTANGULAR	YES		PLASTIC/EPOXY			NO	1	HYBRID	GULL WING				SMALL OUTLINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel	4.75 V				1 W	-40 Cel		5.25 V	DUAL	R-PDSO-G13		10.16 mm		13.34 mm	Not Qualified	10 %	12 V		10.8 V			2		32.64 mm	5 V	13.2 V
PWR601B/T	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	4	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL			NO	1	HYBRID	PIN/PEG				IN-LINE				95 Cel	11.88 V				2 W	-40 Cel		12.12 V	DUAL	R-MDIP-P4		10.41 mm		20.32 mm	Not Qualified		5 V		4.5 V			1		50.8 mm	12 V	5.5 V
PT3341A	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	19		RECTANGULAR	NO		METAL		8 A	YES	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	SIP19/27H,1.4	Other Analog ICs	2.54 mm	85 Cel	2.97 V				26.4 W	-40 Cel		3.63 V	SINGLE	R-MSMA-T19					Not Qualified	1 %	24 V	UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT	18 V		NOT SPECIFIED	1	NOT SPECIFIED		3.3 V	60 V
PT6801B	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE		14		RECTANGULAR	YES		UNSPECIFIED			NO	1	HYBRID	FLAT				FLANGE MOUNT										-40 Cel			SINGLE	R-XSFM-F14					Not Qualified	.5 %			14.5 V			2			5 V	28 V
HL01R24D12YH	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	13	DIP	RECTANGULAR	NO		PLASTIC/EPOXY			NO	1	HYBRID	THROUGH-HOLE				IN-LINE			2.54 mm	85 Cel	11.4 V				1 W	-40 Cel		12.6 V	DUAL	R-PDIP-T13		10.16 mm		15.24 mm	Not Qualified		24 V		22.8 V			2		32.64 mm	12 V	25.2 V
PT4105A	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	6		RECTANGULAR	NO		UNSPECIFIED		1.25 A	NO	1	HYBRID	UNSPECIFIED				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY	MODULE,6LEAD,1.5	Other Analog ICs		85 Cel	11.76 V				15 W	-40 Cel		12.24 V	DUAL	R-XDMA-X6					Not Qualified	1 %	24 V		18 V		NOT SPECIFIED	1	NOT SPECIFIED		12 V	40 V
PTQA420025P2AS	Texas Instruments	DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE	INDUSTRIAL	8		RECTANGULAR	NO		PLASTIC/EPOXY			YES	1	HYBRID	UNSPECIFIED				MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY				85 Cel	2 V				75 W	-40 Cel	TIN LEAD	2.75 V	DUAL	R-PDMA-X8					Not Qualified		48 V		36 V	e0		1			2.5 V	75 V

Power Supply Modules

Power Supply Modules are electronic devices that convert one form of electrical power into another form that is suitable for powering electronic devices. These modules are used in a wide range of applications, including industrial automation, telecommunications, and consumer electronics.

Power supply modules can convert electrical power from various sources, including AC mains power, batteries, and renewable energy sources such as solar panels. The modules may also provide different output voltages and current levels depending on the requirements of the electronic devices being powered.

Power supply modules can be designed with various features, including overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, short circuit protection, and thermal protection to ensure safe and reliable operation. Many power supply modules are also designed to meet specific industry standards and regulations, such as EN 60950 for information technology equipment, and EN 61000 for electromagnetic compatibility.